1、BS EN 15446:2008ICS 13.040.40NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDFugitive anddiffuse emissionsof common concernto industry sectors Measurement offugitive emission ofvapours generatingfrom equipment andpiping leaksThis British Standardwas published un
2、derthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 302008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56280 8Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15446:2008National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15446:2008.The UK participation in its preparation wa
3、s entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicat
4、ion.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.SeptemberBS EN 15446:2008EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15446January 2008ICS 13.040.40English VersionFugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industrysectors - Measurement of fugitive em
5、ission of vapoursgenerating from equipment and piping leaksEmissions fugitives et diffuses concernant les secteursindustriels - Mesurage des missions fugitives decomposs gazeux provenant dquipements et decanalisationsFugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interessefr Industriebereiche - Mes
6、sung fugitiver Emissionen vonGasen und Dmpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungenund RohrleitungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard t
7、he status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germa
8、n). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Repub
9、lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORM
10、ALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15446:2008: EBS EN 15446:2008EN 15446:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction
11、.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Measurement equipment 6 5 Chemicals / Calibration gases7 6 Procedures .8 7 Precision.11 8 Report .12 Annex A (normative) Evaluation procedure of instrument performance parameters 13 Annex B (normative) Calculation of response factor
12、for mixtures.14 Annex C (normative) Correlation between screening values and emission rates15 Bibliography 17 BS EN 15446:2008EN 15446:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15446:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This Eu
13、ropean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the element
14、s of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard has been elaborated under a mandate of the European Commission/DG Enterprise to support essential requirements of the IPPC Di
15、rective (96/61/EC). The horizontal approach of common concern to industrial sectors is to gather industries concerned with diffuse/fugitive emissions and to develop methods suiting their needs. The industries of three trade associations have participated: EUROFER, EUROMETAUX and CEFIC. For practical
16、 reasons the two developed measurement methods, one for dusts and the other for gases are published as two separate standards. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Be
17、lgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15446:2008
18、EN 15446:2008 (E) 4 Introduction A portable instrument is used to detect VOC leaks from individual sources. Any detector type is allowed, provided it meets the specifications and performance criteria contained in Clause 5. This procedure is intended to locate the leaks, and to estimate the mass emis
19、sion rate from individual sources and the total emission of the industrial facility over a reporting period by using: EPA or user-defined correlations whenever possible; fixed emission factors, in all other cases. BS EN 15446:2008EN 15446:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard applies to the measurement o
20、f fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The leak sources include, but are not limited to, valves, flanges and other connections, pressure relief devices, process drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal systems, agitator seals, and access door sea
21、ls. It does not apply to instrument tubing connections. This standard applies to all products of which at least 20 % by weight has a vapour pressure higher than 0,3 kPa at 20 C. For the petroleum industry, this includes all light products and excludes kerosene and all heavier products. The standard
22、is based on the measurement of the gas concentration at the interface of a leak. This concentration is measured with a portable instrument. It is converted to a mass emission rate by use of a set of correlations. The scope of this standard includes the complete data processing, from the initial conc
23、entration measurement up to the generation of an emission report over a reporting period (which is generally one year)1). This standard does not prescribe the number of potential emission points that should be screened each year nor the frequency at which these points should be screened. This sampli
24、ng strategy shall indeed take into account the plant characteristics and the required level of control over fugitive emissions. Optical methods are currently under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In an
25、y case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based only on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indi
26、spensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: B
27、asic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:2002) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fugitive emission emission to the
28、 atmosphere caused by loss of tightness of an item which is designed to be tight 3.2 screening action of measuring the concentration in VOC at the interface of a potential leak source 3.3 screening Value local VOC concentration at the surface of a leak source that indicates a VOC emission is present
29、 1) The standard aims at significantly improving the consistency of emissions reporting, however determination of the trueness of the method is not in the current scope of the TWG. BS EN 15446:2008EN 15446:2008 (E) 6 NOTE The value is an instrument reading based on a reference compound. These values
30、 are indicated in ppm(v/v) (abbreviated as ppm in the remainder of the text). 3.4 threshold concentration pre-set performance target for the individual sources 3.5 reference compound VOC substance selected to express the screening value concentration 3.6 calibration gas VOC substance used to adjust
31、the instrument meter reading to a known value NOTE The calibration gas is usually the reference compound at a predefined concentration. 3.7 response factor ratio between the actual concentration of VOC present at the location where a screening measurement is made and the observed meter reading NOTE
32、This ratio represents the correction that shall be applied to the meter reading to take into account that the meter has been calibrated with a calibration gas that can be different from the substance or mix of substances present in a leak. 3.8 calibration precision degree of agreement between severa
33、l measurements of calibration gas with the same known concentration NOTE It is the ratio of the average absolute value of the difference between the meter readings and the known concentration to the known concentration, expressed in percent. 3.9 response time time interval from a step change in VOC
34、concentration at the input of the sampling system to the time at which 90 % of the corresponding final value is reached as displayed on the instrument readout meter 4 Measurement equipment 4.1 Specifications of equipment 1) VOC instrument detector shall respond to the compounds being screened. Detec
35、tor types that may meet this requirement include, but are not limited to, catalytic oxidation, flame ionisation, infrared absorption, and photo ionisation. 2) Maximum admissible lower detection limit of the detector provided by the manufacturer shall be 10 ppm. 3) Scale resolution of the instrument
36、meter shall be 5 % of the threshold concentration. 4) Instrument shall be equipped with a pump so that a continuous sample is provided to the detector. The nominal sample flow rate shall be 0,2 l/min2)to 1,2 l/min2). 5) Instrument shall be intrinsically safe for operation in explosive atmospheres. 6
37、) Instrument shall be equipped with a probe or probe extension for sampling with a maximum outside diameter of 6,4 mm, with a single end opening for admission of the sample. 2) Based on available equipment. Actual range is 0,25 to 1,0 l/min.BS EN 15446:2008EN 15446:2008 (E) 7 7) Instruments used for
38、 quantification of fugitive emissions shall have a minimum measurement range up to 50 000 ppm. NOTE In case a survey is performed solely to detect leaks or verify repair quality and is not intended to be used for emission quantification purposes, these requirements do not apply. 4.2 Performance crit
39、eria 1) Instrument response factors for the individual compounds to be measured shall be less than 10. 2) Instrument response time shall be equal to or less than 5 s. The response time shall be determined for the instrument configuration to be used during screening. 3) Calibration precision shall be
40、 lower or equal to 10 % of the calibration gas value. 4) Evaluation procedure for each of these parameters is given in Annex A. 4.3 Performance evaluation requirements 1) Response factors shall be determined according to the requirements set in 6.4. In case these need to be used, the determination o
41、f the response factors should take place before actual measurements are performed. 2) Calibration precision test shall be completed prior to placing the analyser into service, and at subsequent 3 month intervals or at the next use, whichever is later. 3) Response time test is required before placing
42、 a new instrument into service for the first time. If a modification to the sample pumping system or flow configuration is made that would change the response time, a new test is required before further use. 5 Chemicals / Calibration gases 1) Monitoring instrument is calibrated in parts per million
43、by volume ppm(v/v) of the reference compound specified in the applicable regulation when possible, or with another calibration gas. 2) Gases required for monitoring and instrument performance evaluation are: zero gas (air, less than 10 ppm VOC); mixture of calibration gas in air with a concentration
44、 approximately equal to the threshold concentration specified in the regulation (two different concentrations are used, usually 1 000 ppm and 10 000 ppm). 3) If cylinder calibration gas mixtures are used, the concentration in calibration gas shall be analysed and certified by the manufacturer to be
45、within 2 % accuracy, and a shelf life should be certified. Cylinder standards shall be either reanalysed or replaced at the end of the specified shelf life. Alternatively, calibration gases may be prepared by the user according to any documented gas preparation procedure that will yield a mixture ac
46、curate to within + or - 2 %. Prepared standards will be replaced each day of use unless it can be demonstrated that no degradation occurs during storage. 4) Calibration may be performed using a compound other than the reference compound provided a conversion factor is determined for that alternative
47、 compound in order to convert the resulting meter readings during emission surveys to reference compound measurements. BS EN 15446:2008EN 15446:2008 (E) 8 6 Procedures 6.1 Preparation 1) At the beginning of the instrument performance evaluation test, assemble and start up the instrument according to
48、 the manufacturers instructions for the recommended warm-up period and preliminary adjustments. 2) Perform the instrument response time test and calibration precision test provided in Annex A when required. This evaluation shall be performed at first use and after instrument maintenance. 6.2 Check a
49、nd adjustment 1) Assemble and start up the VOC analyser according to the manufacturers instructions. After the appropriate warm-up period and zero internal calibration procedure, introduce the calibration gas into the instrument sample probe. 2) Introduce the calibration gas with the highest concentration into the instrument sample probe and adjust the instrument meter readout to correspond to the calibration gas value. 3) If the meter readout cannot be adjusted to the proper value, a malfunction of the analyser is indicated and corrective action should be ta
