1、BS EN 15461:2008ICS 17.140.30; 45.080NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDRailway applications Noise emission Characterization of the dynamic properties of track selections for pass by noise measurementsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STAN
2、DARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 56685 1Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15461:2008National forewordThis Bri
3、tish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15461:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/1/2, Transport noise.Normative - A (mandatory) requirement defined as an expression in the content of a document conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance wi
4、th the document is to be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, Part 3: Rules for the structure and drafting of European Standards (PNE-Rules)Informative - Information (not mandatory) intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. Informative
5、 annexes shall not contain requirements, except as optional requirements. (For example, a test method that is optional may contain requirements but there is no need to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with teh document.)A list of organizations represented on this committee can be o
6、btained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STA
7、NDARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15461February 2008ICS 17.140.30; 45.080English VersionRailway applications - Noise emission - Characterisation of thedynamic properties of track sections for pass by noisemeasurementsApplications fe
8、rroviaires - Emission sonore -Caractrisation des proprits dynamiques de sections devoie pour le mesurage du bruit au passageBahnanwendungen - Schallemission - Charakterisierungder dynamischen Eigenschaften von Gleisabschnitten frVorbeifahrtgeruschmessungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN o
9、n 28 December 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may
10、 be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN
11、Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, N
12、orway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form
13、and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15461:2008: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15461:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitio
14、ns .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations 6 5 Principles7 6 Data acquisition .7 6.1 Selection of the test section.7 6.2 Position of the accelerometers 7 6.3 Assembly of the accelerometers8 6.4 Excitation force9 6.5 Acquisition system9 6.6 Acquisition of the FRF 9 6.7 Set of measuring positions.9 6.8 Measure
15、ment data to be produced 12 7 Data processing.12 8 Acceptance criteria13 9 Test report 13 9.1 General13 9.2 Presentation of the track decay rates13 Annex A (informative) Calculation of the decay rates.14 A.1 General14 A.2 Calculation of the decay rates14 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between t
16、his European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directives 96/48/EC and 2001/16 modified by Directive 2004/50/EC16 Bibliography 18 BS EN 15461:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15461:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document
17、(EN 15461:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2008, an
18、d conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This
19、 document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2001/16 modified by Directive 2004/50/EC. For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an inte
20、gral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungar
21、y, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15461:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
22、EN 15461:2008 (E) 4 Introduction The interaction between the wheels of a railway vehicle and the track during operation is translated by vibrations which, in movement, generate rolling noise. The vibration response of the track structure determines the level of its sound contribution to this noise.
23、The method assumes that the vibration waves in the rail can be regarded as the superposition of two bending waves, one vertical and the other transverse, of the rail represented as a simple beam. Although the track rail does not behave in this way over all the frequencies covered by the measurement,
24、 this simplification permits the “decay rates“ to be measured for an estimation of the dynamic behaviour of the track which is one of the basic parameters influencing the generation of rolling noise. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for characterizing the dynamic behaviour of the st
25、ructure of a track relative to its contribution to the sound radiation associated with the rolling noise. This European Standard describes a method for: a) acquiring data on mechanical frequency response functions on a track; b) processing measurement data in order to calculate an estimate of the vi
26、bration decay rates along the rails in an audible frequency range associated with the rolling noise; c) presenting this estimate for comparison with the lower limits of the decay rates. It is applicable for evaluating the performance of sections of reference tracks for measuring railway vehicle nois
27、e within the framework of official approval tests. The method is not applicable for characterizing the vibration behaviour of tracks on loadbearing structures such as bridges or embankments. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this docum
28、ent. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters (IEC 61260:1995) EN ISO 266, Acoustics Normal frequencies (ISO
29、 266:1997) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 2041, Vibration and shock Vocabulary ISO 7626-1, Vibration and shock Experimental determination of mechanical mobility Part 1: Basic definitions and transducers BS EN
30、 15461:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15461:2008 (E) 5 ISO 7626-5, Vibration and shock Experimental determination of mechanical mobility Part 5: Measurements using impact excitation with an exciter which is not attached to th
31、e structure 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 frequency-response function (FRF) frequency-dependent ratio of the motor-response phasor to the phasor of the excitation force (see ISO 7626-1) NOTE 1 In this document, the
32、term also refers to the mean spectral amplitude of the FRF in the form of a one-third octave spectrum. NOTE 2 In this standard, the term frequency-response function (FRF) is used to refer generically either to accelerance (accelerometric response/excitation force) or to mobility (speed response/exci
33、tation force). The term is not used to refer to receptance (dynamic compliance). NOTE 3 The FRF is generally calculated as the interspectrum ratio between the response and the force with the autospectrum. This estimate of the FRF is called estimate H1. NOTE 4 A set of FRF between a single excitation
34、 point and multiple response points or even between a single response point and multiple excitation points may be used. In this standard, the case of a fixed accelerometer and a mobile instrumented excitation hammer is the easiest to implement. 3.2 accelerance complex ratio of the acceleration at on
35、e point in a mechanical system to the force at the same point or at a different point during a single harmonic motion (see also ISO 7626-1 and ISO 2041) NOTE Accelerance is an FRF currently expressed as a narrow-band complex spectrum. It is also used in this standard to express a one-third octave sp
36、ectrum. 3.3 mobility complex ratio of the speed at one point in a mechanical system to the force at the same point or at a different point during a single harmonic motion (see also ISO 7626-1 and ISO 2041) NOTE Mobility is an FRF currently expressed as a narrow-band complex spectrum. It is also used
37、 in this standard to express a one-third octave spectrum. 3.4 direct FRF, FRF at the point of application FRF for which the response is measured at the same position (as close as possible physically with an impact hammer and an accelerometer) and the same direction (see also ISO 7626-1) NOTE In this
38、 standard, the term refers both to force and response FRF in the vertical and transverse directions. 3.5 transfer FRF FRF for which the response amplitude is measured at a different position to the force application point NOTE In order to define the FRF, the direction and position of the application
39、 force and the response should be mentioned. BS EN 15461:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15461:2008 (E) 6 3.6 decay rate on the track vibration amplitude decay rate of the vertical or transverse bending waves of the rail as a
40、function of the distance along the rail NOTE It is represented by a one-third octave band spectrum of the values of the decay rate, expressed in decibels per metre (dB/m) representing the attenuation as a function of the distance. 3.7 test section section of track specifically associated with a part
41、icular set of measurement data 3.8 accelerometer position fixed position of the accelerometer(s) for which a complete set of FRF measurements is taken 3.9 structural wave vibration wave that is propagated along the rail resulting in a deformation of the whole rail section NOTE For example, vertical
42、and transverse bending waves of the rail behaving like a beam or waves that involve deformation modes in the cross-section of the rail propagating along the rail. The vibration waves with wavelengths that are smaller than the rail cross-section dimensions, such as the Rayleigh ultrasonic waves or th
43、e shear or compression waves in the material are not covered in the definition associated with the subject of this standard. 3.10 one third-octave band spectrum spectrum of the added squared values or the root mean squares of the FRF in each of the normal frequencies one-third octave band (see EN IS
44、O 266). NOTE In this document, also refers to the speed and acceleration vibration spectrum, to the excitation effort spectrum, to the mobility and accelerance FRF spectrum and to the resulting decay rate 3.11 reference track section portion of track used to characterize the rail system noise emissi
45、on performances that meet the requirements of the interoperability technical specifications from the railway interoperability directives NOTE These requirements cover the track vibration response via the track decay rate and the acoustic roughness level of the rail. They are intended to ensure the r
46、eproducibility of the measurements 3.12 instrumented hammer instrument with an integrated force transducer for applying an excitation force to the structure 4 Symbols and abbreviations x position along the track. The reference position x0= 0 is situated at the measuring point of the direct FRF, dx d
47、ifferential operator over x, n number of measuring positions, xnnthinterval, xmax position of the maximum distance considered along the track, BS EN 15461:2008Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 16/11/2009 07:30, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15461:2008 (E) 7 A(xn) FRF at position
48、xnalong the track, response amplitude decay constant, DR decay rate, FRF frequency-response function, FFT fast Fourier transform 5 Principles The decay rates are determined on the basis of an FRF at the application point and a certain number of frequency-response function measurements relative to th
49、e position on the rail of the excitation force application point (transfer function). An instrumented hammer shall be used to excite the rail. For the purpose of this standard, an accelerometer shall be fixed to the rail and the measurements shall be taken for various distances from the force application point in relation to it. The full set of FRF shall be measured in the vertical and transverse directions. The decay rates of the vertical and transverse bending waves as a function of the distance shall be calculated on the basis of this
