1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16123:2013Characterization of waste Guidance on selectionand application of screeningmethodsBS EN 16123:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the U
2、K implementation of EN 16123:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the neces
3、saryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 71448 1ICS 13.030.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was p
4、ublished under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16123:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN 16123 February 2013 ICS 13.030.01English Version Characterization of waste - Guidanc
5、e on selection and application of screening methods Caractrisation des dchets - Lignes directrices relatives au choix et lapplication des mthodes de dpistage Charakterisierung von Abfall - Anleitung fr Auswahl und Anwendung von Screening-Verfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 Dece
6、mber 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obt
7、ained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the C
8、EN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland
9、, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Mar
10、nix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16123:2013: EBS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)2 Contents PageForeword4 1 Scope6 2 Normative references6 3 Terms and definitions.6 4 Principles6 5 Typical
11、areas for application of screening methods7 5.1 General7 5.2 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes.7 5.3 On-site verification7 5.4 Monitoring of processes.7 5.5 Identification of homogeneity/heterogeneity of bulk material7 5.6 Survey of contaminated sites (hot spot identification)7 5.7 Id
12、entification of sources of contamination.7 5.8 Safety issue7 6 Selecting a screening method8 6.1 Selection criteria8 6.1.1 Sampling/sample pretreatment/preparation.8 6.1.2 Parameter definition8 6.1.3 Field of application8 6.1.4 Boundary conditions.8 6.2 Fit-for-purpose test9 6.3 Quality targets9 7 A
13、pplicability conditions for screening methods9 7.1 General9 7.2 Field of application9 7.2.1 Principle ofthe measurement9 7.2.2 Instruction for method setup.10 7.2.3 Sampling and samples.10 7.2.4 Measurement steps10 7.2.5 Statement of results.10 7.2.6 Disposal instructions.10 7.2.7 Characteristic dat
14、a of the method.10 7.2.8 Literature references11 8 Fit-for-purpose testing.11 8.1 General.11 8.2 Reproducibility testing.11 8.3 Exclusion of false negative results.11 8.4 Testing of individual comparability12 9 Analytical acceptance criteria.12 9.1 General.12 9.2 Starting criteria.12 9.3 Continuous
15、criteria.12 10 Quality assurance.12 11 Documentation13 Annex A(informative) Decision making process14 BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)3 Annex B(informative) Example of documentation aid/check list15 Annex C(informative) Statistical tool for individual comparability Equality of results from referenc
16、e method and screening method: Mean value t-test for real samples18 C.1 General.18 C.2 Test on outliers18 C.3 Homogeneity of variances18 C.4 Mean value t-test. 19 Bibliography21 BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)4 ForewordThis document (EN 16123:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC29
17、2 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the la
18、test byAugust 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.The standardization of the selection and application of screening m
19、ethods is obligatory to make such methods available to legislation. In addition to common laboratory methods, which are standardized individually, a framework approach is chosen for screening methods. The application of screening methods within this framework guarantees the reliability of results re
20、quired by legal regulations.In order to fulfil legal requirements, it is of high importance to document all decision steps of method selection, the applicability testing, the application of the method and the evaluation.This European Standard refers to the use of screening methods on solid materials
21、 (waste) as sample matrix; the corresponding standard for water is ISO17381.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D
22、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.BS EN 16123:
23、2013EN 16123:2013 (E)5 IntroductionThis document provides guidance on the use of screening methods for waste characterisation. One field of application of s creening methods i s “ on-site verification” as r ecommended i n t he Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and the Landfill Decision (2003/33/EC). S
24、creening methods are of increasing interest in processes such as entrance control because, in addition to standardized methods, they allow fast verification of the documented waste characteristics.BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)6 1 ScopeThis European Standard gives guidance on the selection and ap
25、plication of screening methods for waste characterisation. The aim of this document is to set up c riteria as to when the different kinds of screening methods may be applied for the analysis of a c ertain parameter in waste and which steps are required to prove their suitability. This document does
26、not recommend any particular screening method, but confirms the principles of its selection and application.2 Normative referencesThe f ollowing d ocuments, i n whole or in part, ar e nor matively r eferenced i n t his d ocument and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only t
27、he edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN16192, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1reference me
28、thodmethod which is performed in accordance with national or international Standards and i s not necessarily comparable with screening methods3.2on-site verificationthird level of inspection according to the Landfill Directive and the Landfill Decision to ensure that the waste accepted at a landfill
29、 is the same as described in the accompanying documents and that it is in accordance with the basic characterisation and/or compliance testing3.3screeningapplication of any analytical semi-quantitative method for exploratory analysis3.4screening methodmethod which is used (often on-site) to quickly
30、explore a given area or test a set of samples and obtain dataon sample characteristicsSOURCE: ISO 12404, modified 4 PrinciplesThis standard defines the whole process from the selection of the screening method, applicability, fit-for-purpose testing, fulfilment of the acceptance criteria, quality con
31、trol, and documentation of the measurement results.BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)7 5 Typical areas for application of screening methods5.1 GeneralScreening methodsconstitute a useful addition to standard procedures in the following areas. 5.2 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes Scree
32、ning methods may be used for: s election of the most suitable analytical method (concentration range, interferences); p re-selection of samples for analysis in the laboratory; p rovision of information about accompanying compounds relevant for sample preparation.5.3 On-site verificationCharacteristi
33、cs of sampled waste are verified, e.g. during transport or at the entrance of waste treatment plants and landfills. 5.4 Monitoring of processes Screening methods can be used: to monitor and control processes (e.g. success of treatment processes); to perform quality control on a treatment plant. 5.5
34、Identification of homogeneity/heterogeneity of bulk materialScreening methods may be applied to measure “leading” parameters in huge charges of waste to identify whether the material is homogenous or not.5.6 Survey of contaminated sites (hot spot identification)Screening methods are useful to identi
35、fy contaminated areas in contamination-suspected sites.5.7 Identification of sources of contaminationScreening methods can be useful to identify the source of a contaminant or content in a material stream.5.8 Safety issueScreening methods can be used to detect potentially toxic compounds (e.g. gases
36、, radioactivity, explosives) which may be hazardous to the personneltaking and processing samples.BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)8 6 Selecting a screening method6.1 Selection criteriaThefollowing selection criteria should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate method. The diffe
37、rent criteria shall be weighted depending on the intended application. The decision-making process and the results have to be documented by the user (see flowchart in Annex A and documentation aid in Annex B). Prerequisites are: one known parameter or a set of known parameters; aim of determination;
38、 matrix (solid/liquid waste).6.1.1 Sampling/sample pretreatment/preparation direct measurement (e.g. handheld XRF-systems); p retreatment/preparation (e.g. extractions, separation) particularly for solid waste. Most screening methods require the provision of the analyte in an extract/eluate, which t
39、herefore requires sample pretreatment. Pretreatment shall be carried out in accordance with EN 16192. If sample preparation is necessary, follow the principles of EN 15002 taking into account CEN/TR 16130.6.1.2 Parameter definition individual species (e.g. total Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+); group parameters (e.
40、g. total organic carbon (TOC), absorbableorganically bound halogens (AOX); i n the case of on-site verification, the parameters are typically defined by declaration or based on the experience of the staff.6.1.3 Field of application s pecified decision value (e.g. limit value, target value); concentr
41、ation range; matrix; method limitations/interferences.6.1.4 Boundary conditions rapidity (in relation to aim of determination); mobility; costs; quality target of analysis;BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)9 frequency of use (continuous, once only); qualification of staff; legal stipulations; availab
42、ility and/or ease of acquisition; infrastructural conditions.6.2 Fit-for-purpose testIn a second step, after passing these selection steps in 6.1, the selected method has to pass a fit-for-purpose test as described in Clause8.In case of frequently repeated tasks, the most suitable screening method s
43、hould be identified and applied, the necessary equipment kept ready and the procedure documented in a standard operation procedure. Selection and fit-for-purpose testing has therefore to be performed only once.6.3 Quality targetsThe general quality target of analytical questions is its ability to es
44、tablish the relationship between the analytical result and its confidence interval on the one hand, and the decision values on the other. This relationship with the decision values means that the analytical method to be used is subject to requirements regarding the quality of the analytical results.
45、 These requirements are task-related and shall be defined before the screening method is applied. The definition of these quality targets forms the basis for the selection of the appropriate method. 7 Applicability conditions for screening methods7.1 GeneralAvailability of complete information on a
46、s creening method of choice is a pr erequisite of applicability. This clause deals with the most important points that should be apparent from the accompanying documentation of a method. All information, either supplied or separately obtainable (enclosed leaflet, application documents, etc.) shall b
47、e easily comprehensible and should be written in understandable language. 7.2 Field of application parameters (e.g. total Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+); measurement range/graduation; “zero” may not be stated for the lower limit of the operating range; matrix; matrix interferences, measures to be taken for their p
48、revention or elimination; temperature range, pH range, other physical conditions; storageand shelf life of the reagents.7.2.1 Principle of the measurement c hemical reaction or physical concept.BS EN 16123:2013EN 16123:2013 (E)107.2.2 Instruction for method setup description of supplied reagents (e.
49、g. composition, indication of hazards); d escription of supplied equipment, such as test vessel, metering device or colour scale; description of how and with which measuring instrument the evaluation may be performed; additional reagents required for the application (e.g. acid for pH adjustment); additional equipment required for the application (e.g. thermo reactor for chemical oxygen demand).7.2.3 Sampling and samples description of sampling and of sample preparation; description of sample quantity and volume.7.2.4 Meas
