1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16339:2013Ambient air Method forthe determination of theconcentration of nitrogendioxide by diffusive samplingBS EN 16339:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16339:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was e
2、ntrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Br
3、itish Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 76539 1ICS 13.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Augus
4、t 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16339:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16339 July 2013 ICS 13.040.20 English Version Ambient air - Method for the determination of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide by diffusive sampling Air ambiant - Mthod
5、e pour la dtermination de la concentration du dioxyde dazote au moyen dchantillonneurs par diffusion Auenluft - Bestimmung der Konzentration von Stickstoffdioxid mittels Passivsammler This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 June 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int
6、ernal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to an
7、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official v
8、ersions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norwa
9、y, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in an
10、y form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16339:2013: EBS EN 16339:2013EN 16339:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle of the method .7 5 Materials .8 6 Sampling 12 7 Analyti
11、cal procedure 13 8 Calculation of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide . 16 9 Quality control/quality assurance . 17 10 Report 18 11 Performance requirements and measurement uncertainty . 18 Annex A (normative) Description of samplers 21 Annex B (informative) Other samplers . 26 Annex C (informativ
12、e) Estimation of the uptake rate of the samplers 34 Annex D (informative) Measurement uncertainty . 39 Bibliography . 47 BS EN 16339:2013EN 16339:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16339:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by D
13、IN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that so
14、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to imp
15、lement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romani
16、a, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16339:2013EN 16339:2013 (E) 4 Introduction Experience gained across the European Union (EU) in implementing EU ambient air quality legislation 1 has shown that, generally, for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), meeting the
17、annual average limit value of 40 g/m3is more problematic than meeting the 1-h limit value of 200 g/m 2. EU Directive 2008/50/EC 1 stipulates that European Union Member States shall apply the reference measurement methods and criteria specified in the Directive. For NO2monitoring in ambient air, the
18、reference method being that described in EN 14211:2012 3. However, a Member State may use any other method that provides results equivalent to that of the reference method, to be demonstrated in accordance with the Guide for the demonstration of equivalence of ambient air monitoring methods 4. The G
19、DE devotes specific paragraphs to methods based on diffusive sampling. For the measurement of longer-term average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide for comparison with the annual average limit value diffusive sampling is an attractive alternative to fixed monitoring using the reference methodology
20、described in EN 14211 because of small size of diffusive samplers; no requirement for electric power; potential for covering areas with a high spatial density; cost effectiveness. Consequently, diffusive samplers can partially substitute and supplement fixed monitoring as an instrument for the asses
21、sment of air quality, provided that they fulfil the specific Data Quality Objectives given in 1. At the time of publication of this standard, no full demonstration of equivalence according to 4 has been performed. However, some studies have compared NO2annual average concentrations measured by chemi
22、luminescence and by diffusive samplers 5, 6, 7 and 8. These have shown the potential of diffusive sampling to meet the data quality objective of 15 % expanded uncertainty for fixed measurements 1. The methodology described in this standard can be applied to obtain air quality information with a rela
23、tively high spatial density that can be used to complement the appropriate siting of fixed monitoring stations, or in the validation of dispersion models. Further, the methodology described can be used for simultaneously measuring sulphur dioxide (SO2) when using ion chromatography as the method of
24、analysis. The analytical method is described in 9, 10 and 11. This standard has been prepared based on the findings of reviews of implemented diffusive samplers in the European Union 12. The methodology described in this standard may also be used to determine NO2in indoor air. Appropriate strategies
25、 for NO2measurement in indoor air are described in EN ISO 16000-15. BS EN 16339:2013EN 16339:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the sampling and analysis of NO2in ambient air using diffusive sampling followed by extraction and analysis by colorimetry or ion chromatograp
26、hy (IC). It can be used for the NO2measurement in a concentration range of approximately 3 g/m to 130 g/m3. A sample is typically collected for a period of 1 to 4 weeks 13, with exposure periods depending on the design of the samplers and the concentration levels of NO2. Several sorbents can be used
27、 for trapping NO2in ambient air using a diffusive sampler. This standard specifies the application of triethanolamine as the reagent. Nitrous acid and peroxyacetyl nitrate are the major chemical interferences of sorption by triethanolamine. However, in ambient air monitoring over long sampling times
28、, both contaminants are generally present at low concentrations relative to NO2. Moreover, these species can also interfere with the measurement of NO2when applying the EU reference method for NO2monitoring based on chemiluminescence (see 2). This standard describes the application of a tube-type sa
29、mpler with either a cylindrical or a slightly conical tube. Its typical uptake rate is about 1 cm3/min. Only for this sampler type sufficient evidence of validation has been found in a literature survey 12. The relative expanded uncertainty of NO2measurements performed using these tube-type diffusiv
30、e samplers can potentially be lower than 25 % for individual measurements. When aggregating results to form annual average values, the relative expanded uncertainty can be further reduced to levels below 15 % due to the reduction of random effects on uncertainty 6. 2 Normative references The followi
31、ng documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. E
32、N ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 certified reference material reference material 3.8, characterized by a metrologic
33、ally valid procedure for one or more specified properties, accompanied by a certificate that provides the value of the specified property, its associated uncertainty, and a statement of metrological traceability SOURCE: ISO Guide 35:2006 3.2 combined standard uncertainty standard measurement uncerta
34、inty 3.10 that is obtained using the individual standard measurement uncertainties associated with the input quantities in a measurement model SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012 3.3 desorption efficiency ratio of the mass of analyte desorbed from a sampling device to that applied BS EN 16339:2013EN 16339:2013 (E
35、) 6 SOURCE: EN 13528-2:2002 3.4 diffusive sampler device which is capable of taking samples of gases or vapours from the atmosphere at a rate controlled by a physical process such as gaseous diffusion through a static air layer or a porous material and/or permeation through a membrane, but which doe
36、s not involve the active movement of air through the device SOURCE: EN 13528-1:2002 Note 1 to entry: Active normally refers to the pumped movement of air. 3.5 diffusive uptake rate rate at which the diffusive sampler collects a particular gas or vapour from the atmosphere. SOURCE: EN 13528-1:2002 No
37、te 1 to entry: The uptake rate is usually expressed in units of (pg/(nmol/mol)/min)or (cm3/min). Note 2 to entry: pg/(nmol/mol)/minis equivalent to ng/(mol/mol)/min. 3.6 expanded (measurement) uncertainty product of a combined standard measurement uncertainty and a factor larger than the number one
38、SOURCE: JCGM 200:2008 Note 1 to entry: The factor depends upon the type of probability distribution of the output quantity in a measurement model and on the selected coverage probability. Note 2 to entry: The term “factor” in this definition refers to a coverage factor. 3.7 field blank sealed sample
39、r drawn from the same batch as the samplers being used for NO2monitoring. This sampler is taken unopened to the field and returned together with exposed samplers after the sampling is completed Note 1 to entry: This blank is only used for quality control purposes. Note 2 to entry: A transport blank
40、is considered to be a special case of a field blank. A transport blank is taken to the exposure site, left unopened and returned to the laboratory immediately after placement or collection of the samplers. Transport blanks may be used when regular field blanks reveal an unacceptable level of nitrite
41、 to investigate the possibility of contamination of samplers during transport. 3.8 laboratory blank sealed sampler drawn from the same batch as the samplers being used for NO2monitoring which is stored in a refrigerator during sampling of the exposed samplers. 3.9 repeatability condition condition o
42、f measurement, out of a set of conditions that includes the same measurement procedure, same operators, same measuring system, same operating conditions and same location, and replicate measurements on the same or similar objects over a short period of time SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012 BS EN 16339:2013EN 1
43、6339:2013 (E) 7 3.10 standard (measurement) uncertainty measurement uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012 3.11 uncertainty (of measurement) non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the informat
44、ion used Note 1 to entry: For footnotes to the definition the reader is referred to the parent document JGCM 200:2012. SOURCE: JGCM 200:2012 4 Principle of the method The diffusive sampler is exposed to air for a measured time period. NO2migrates through the sampler diffusion path and is collected a
45、s nitrite by reaction with triethanolamine (TEA). TEA is coated onto a suitable support. Supports that have been demonstrated to be suitable in practice are (see Annex A): a series (2 or 3) of circular stainless steel grids with a fine mesh size; a cylindrical stainless steel grid with a fine mesh s
46、ize; a cellulose-fibre filter. A number of pathways have been proposed for the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with triethanolamine. More details can be found in 14. The diffusive uptake rate is determined either by numerical calculation based on Ficks first law of diffusion (see EN 13528-3) or through
47、 calibration by exposure to standard atmospheres, and/or by field comparison of diffusive samplers measurements with measurements carried out using the EU reference method (EN 14211). This latter approach has been described in 5, 6, 7 and 18. Values of and equations to calculate diffusive uptake rat
48、es associated with different diffusive samplers are given in Annex C. NOTE 1 The theory of performance of diffusive samplers is given in EN 13528-3 together with information on possible saturation of the sorbent, the effect of transients and the effect of face velocity. This standard explains the de
49、pendence of diffusion uptake rates on the concentration level of pollutants and sampling time. The nitrite formed in the sampler is subsequently extracted. The resulting extract is analyzed by: colorimetry after derivatization of the nitrite, using the Griess-Saltzman method 15; ion chromatography 16. The Griess-Saltzman derivatization consists of reacting nitrite with a mixture of sulphanilamide and N-(naphthyl-1) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in dilute orthophosphoric ac
