1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16351:2015Timber structures Cross laminated timber RequirementsBS EN 16351:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16351:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/518, Structura
2、l timber.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI
3、Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 76677 0ICS 79.060.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publica
4、tionDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16351:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16351 October 2015 ICS 79.060.10 English Version Timber structures - Cross laminated timber - Requirements Structures en bois - Bois lamell crois - Exigences Holzbauwerke - Brettsperrholz - Anforderu
5、ngen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 August 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
6、 references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of
7、 a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mac
8、edonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUR
9、OPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16351:2015 EBS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 6 I
10、ntroduction 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 9 3 Terms and definitions 10 4 Symbols 14 4.1 Main symbols . 14 4.2 Subscripts 15 5 Components and product characteristics, testing and assessment methods. 16 5.1 Components characteristics . 16 5.1.1 Timber to be used in laminations 16 5.1.2 Lamination
11、s 16 5.1.3 Timber layers 17 5.1.4 Wood-based panel layers 17 5.1.5 Species 17 5.1.6 Adhesives for the production of cross laminated timber 18 5.2 Characteristics of cross laminated timber 20 5.2.1 General . 20 5.2.2 Geometrical data 20 5.2.3 Strength and stiffness properties of cross laminated timbe
12、r 24 5.2.4 Strength and stiffness properties of cross laminated timber with large finger joints 25 5.2.5 Bonding strength 26 5.2.6 Resistance to fire 27 5.2.7 Reaction to fire 27 5.2.8 Dimensional stability 29 5.2.9 Release of dangerous substances . 29 5.2.10 Durability 30 6 Assessment and Verificat
13、ion of Constancy of Performance (AVCP) 31 6.1 General . 31 6.2 Type testing 31 6.2.1 General . 31 6.2.2 Test samples, testing and compliance criteria 32 6.2.3 Test reports 36 6.2.4 Shared other party results 36 6.2.5 Cascading determination of the product type results 37 6.3 Factory production contr
14、ol (FPC) 38 6.3.1 General . 38 6.3.2 Requirements 39 6.3.3 Product specific requirements 45 6.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC 45 6.3.5 Continuous surveillance of FPC . 46 6.3.6 Procedure for modifications 46 7 Marking and labelling . 46 BS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 3 7.1 General .
15、46 7.2 Cross laminated timber 47 Annex A (normative) Release of Formaldehyde . 48 A.1 General . 48 A.2 Classification 48 A.2.1 Cross laminated timber 48 A.2.2 Cross laminated timber with large finger joints . 49 Annex B (normative) Additional test methods and requirements for adhesives 50 B.1 Genera
16、l . 50 B.2 Long-term sustained load test at cyclic climate conditions with specimens loaded perpendicular to the glue line for moisture curing one-component polyurethane and emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives (glass house test) . 50 B.2.1 General description . 50 B.2.2 Production of the specimens
17、 50 B.2.3 Test procedure and climate conditions 51 B.2.4 Requirements . 52 B.2.5 Test report 52 Annex C (normative) Delamination test of glue lines between layers . 53 C.1 Principle . 53 C.2 Apparatus 53 C.2.1 Pressure vessel 53 C.2.2 Drying duct 53 C.2.3 Balance . 53 C.2.4 Metal wedge and hammer .
18、53 C.3 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 53 C.4 Procedures 54 C.4.1 General . 54 C.4.2 Measurement and evaluation of delamination 54 C.4.3 Test cycle . 55 C.5 Results 55 C.5.1 General . 55 C.5.2 Total delamination . 55 C.5.3 Maximum delamination . 56 C.5.4 Wood failure percentage 56 C.6 Test r
19、eport 56 Annex D (normative) Shear tests . 57 D.1 Principle . 57 D.2 Apparatus 57 D.2.1 Testing machine 57 D.2.2 Shearing tool 57 D.3 Test pieces . 58 D.3.1 General . 58 D.3.2 Test pieces for edge bonds in timber layers . 58 D.3.3 Test pieces for glue lines between layers 58 D.3.4 Test pieces for te
20、sting single glue lines within cross laminated timber 60 D.3.5 Sampling of test pieces . 60 D.3.6 Marking of test pieces . 61 D.4 Procedure 61 D.5 Results 61 D.6 Test report 62 BS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 4 Annex E (normative) Tests with laminations with or without finger joints (including com
21、pliance criteria) 63 E.1 Sampling 63 E.1.1 General . 63 E.1.2 For type testing . 63 E.1.3 For factory production control 63 E.2 Testing 63 E.2.1 General . 63 E.2.2 Additional requirements for type testing . 63 E.2.3 Additional requirements for factory production control 63 E.3 Compliance criteria of
22、 finger joints in laminations . 64 E.3.1 For type testing . 64 E.3.2 For factory production control 64 E.4 Report of tests with finger joints in laminations 64 E.5 Tests with laminations without finger joints . 65 Annex F (normative) Determination of strength, stiffness and density properties of cro
23、ss laminated timber . 66 F.1 Indices 66 F.2 General . 69 F.2.1 Sampling 69 F.2.2 Specimens . 69 F.2.3 Testing 69 F.2.4 Analysis of test results 70 F.2.5 Test reports 70 F.3 Characteristics determined by tests with loads perpendicular to the plane . 70 F.3.1 Bending test . 70 F.3.2 (Rolling) shear st
24、rength and stiffness derived from bending tests . 71 F.3.3 (Rolling) shear strength and stiffness derived from shear test (alternative test method) . 72 F.3.4 Compression perpendicular to the plane 74 F.3.5 Large finger joint - Bending test . 74 F.4 Characteristics determined by tests with in-plane
25、loads 75 F.4.1 Bending 75 F.4.2 Shear values within a layer net cross section . 76 F.4.3 Shear values for glue lines between layers torsional shear 77 F.4.4 Shear stiffness for cross laminated timber in plane by bending test 78 F.4.5 Large finger joint - Bending test . 79 Annex G (normative) Measure
26、ment of moisture content . 80 G.1 General . 80 G.2 Measurement of moisture content of boards during production . 80 G.3 Mean moisture content of cross laminated timber made from timber laminations . 80 Annex H (normative) Separation tests with finger joints in laminations produced with contact-free
27、application of adhesive . 81 Annex I (normative) Minimum production requirements . 82 I.1 Personnel 82 I.2 Production and storage facilities . 82 I.2.1 General . 82 I.2.2 Facilities for drying and storage of timber . 82 I.2.3 Facilities for processing and storage of adhesives . 82 I.2.4 Facilities f
28、or production and curing 82 I.3 Equipment 83 I.4 Finger joints in laminations . 83 BS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 5 I.4.1 Wane and edge damages 83 I.4.2 Finger joint geometry 84 I.4.3 Knots and local grain deviation . 84 I.4.4 Moisture content at bonding 85 I.4.5 Bonding surface and application o
29、f the adhesive . 85 I.4.6 Time between cutting and adhesive application 86 I.4.7 Pressure . 86 I.4.8 Curing 86 I.5 Bonding of laminations and layers . 87 I.5.1 General . 87 I.5.2 Moisture content at bonding 87 I.5.3 Bonding surfaces and adhesive application 87 I.5.4 Cramping 87 I.5.5 Glue line thick
30、ness . 87 I.5.6 Curing 88 I.6 Cross laminated timber with large finger joints . 88 I.6.1 Cross laminated timber to be jointed 88 I.6.2 Moisture content at bonding 88 I.6.3 Finger joint geometry 88 I.6.4 Machining of the fingers . 88 I.6.5 Adhesive, bonding surface and adhesive application . 88 I.6.6
31、 Cramping 89 I.6.7 Glue line thickness . 89 I.6.8 Curing 89 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the requirements of the EU Construction Products Regulation . 90 Bibliography 102 BS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 6 European foreword This document (EN 16351:2015) has be
32、en prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 124 “Timber structures”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2016, and conflicting national s
33、tandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepare
34、d under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports basic work requirements of Regulation (EU) No 305/2011. For relationship with the EU Regulations, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN
35、/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungar
36、y, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 7 Introduction Figure 1 shows the relation of European Standards prepared
37、 by CEN/TC 124. Key 1 boards 6 glued laminated timber (glulam) 2 is a component for 7 glulam with large finger joints 3 structural finger jointed timber 8 block glued glulam 4 glued laminated products 9 cross laminated timber (X-Lam) 5 glued solid timber 10 cross laminated timber (X-Lam) with large
38、finger joints Figure 1 Relation of European Standards prepared by CEN/TC 124 BS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 8 1 Scope This European Standard sets out provisions regarding the performance characteristics for straight and curved structural cross laminated timber (X-Lam) both without and with large
39、finger joints as a material for the manufacture of structural elements to be used in buildings and bridges. This European Standard applies to cross laminated timber: to be used in service class 1 or 2 according to EN 1995-1-1; made of coniferous species and poplar listed in 5.1.5 of this standard; b
40、uilt up of at least three orthogonally bonded layers (at least two of them timber layers); having, depending on the number of layers, adjacent layers which may be bonded parallel to the grain; made of timber layers which are made of strength graded timber according to EN 14081-1; made of timber laye
41、rs having thicknesses between 6 mm and 60 mm (including) taking into account the layup requirements given in this European standard; made of timber layers which may be edge bonded or which are not bonded and have spacing less than 6 mm between adjacent laminations; which may comprise wood based pane
42、l layers made of structural wood based panels specified in this European standard, fulfilling the requirements for use in service class 2 or 3 according to EN 1995-1-1, having no structural joints between the single panels and having thicknesses between 6 mm and 45 mm (including); bonded with adhesi
43、ves, fulfilling the requirements given in this European standard; having overall thicknesses up to 500 mm; which is not made from reused timber or wood based panels comprising reused timber. This European Standard also applies to cross laminated timber with large finger joints: made from cross lamin
44、ated timber pieces having the same cross section and layup; made from cross laminated timber pieces having cross sectional thicknesses from 51 mm up to 345 mm (inclusive) and minimum thicknesses of the outermost layers not less than 17 mm. made from cross laminated timber pieces solely comprising ti
45、mber layers; made from plane cross laminated timber pieces jointed so that no regular change between the grain directions of the layers occurs; with finger joints having a finger length of at least 45 mm and fingers which are visible at the two narrow sides of the components. This European Standard
46、applies to cross laminated timber treated against biological attack. Cross laminated timber treated with fire retardants is not covered. It also sets out minimum production requirements and procedures for Assessment and Verification of Constancy of Performance. BS EN 16351:2015EN 16351:2015 (E) 9 2
47、Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendme
48、nts) applies. EN 301:2013, Adhesives, phenolic and aminoplastic, for load-bearing timber structures Classification and performance requirements EN 302-1, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures Test methods Part 1: Determination of longitudinal tensile shear strength EN 302-2:2013, Adhesives fo
49、r load-bearing timber structures Test methods Part 2: Determination of resistance to delamination EN 302-3:2013, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures Test methods Part 3: Determination of the effect of acid damage to wood fibres by temperature and humidity cycling on the transverse tensile strength EN 302-4, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures Test methods Part 4: Determination of the effects of wood shrinkage on the shear strength EN 302-6, Adhesives for load-bearing timber structures Test methods - Par
