1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16602-70-03:2014Space product assurance Black-anodizing of metals withinorganic dyesBS EN 16602-70-03:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16602-70-03:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tec
2、hnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British
3、Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84421 8ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2014.A
4、mendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16602-70-03:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16602-70-03 October 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space product assurance - Black-anodizing of metals with inorganic dyes Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Anodisat
5、ion noire des mtaux avec colorants non organiques Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Schwarzes anodisieren von Metallen mit anorganischen Farben This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 March 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
6、 the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This Eu
7、ropean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
8、CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lith
9、uania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl
10、dwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16602-70-03:2014 EBS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Table of contents . 2 Foreword 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 8 3.1 Terms define
11、d in other standards . 8 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 8 4 Principles 10 5 Requirements 11 5.1 Prior to anodizing 11 5.2 Work-piece selection and preparation . 11 5.3 Facilities . 12 5.4 Anodizing 12 5.4.1 General . 12 5.4.2 Process control . 12 5.4.3 Two-step and integral colouring m
12、ethods 13 5.4.4 Treatment termination . 14 5.5 Handling and storage of materials and parts . 14 5.5.1 Material storage 14 5.5.2 Material handling and storage . 14 5.6 Acceptance criteria . 14 5.6.1 General . 14 5.6.2 Visual inspection . 14 5.6.3 Verification testing . 15 5.7 Quality assurance . 16 5
13、.7.1 General . 16 5.7.2 Specific requirements 16 BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 3 Annex A (informative) Recipes for aluminium treatment . 18 A.1 Introduction . 18 A.2 Utilities 18 A.3 Hazards, health and safety precautions 18 A.4 Surface preparation 19 A.5 Anodizing process set-up 20
14、A.5.1 Hardware 20 A.5.2 Anodizing bath composition 20 A.5.3 Experimental parameters 21 A.6 Dyeing and sealing process 22 A.6.1 General . 22 A.6.2 Cobalt sulphide black dying process . 22 A.6.3 Nickel sulphide black dyeing process 22 A.7 Process summary . 23 Bibliography . 25 Tables Table A-1 : Chemi
15、cal species and associated hazard 19 Table A-2 : Anodizing electrolyte composition limits. 21 Table A-3 : Summary of pre-treatment (see A.4) 23 Table A-4 : Summary of anodizing (see A.5) 23 Table A-5 : Dyeing with cobalt sulphide (see A.6.2) 24 Table A-6 : Dyeing with nickel sulphide (see A.6.3) 24
16、BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16602-70-03:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16602-70-03:2014) originates from ECSS-Q-ST-70-03C. This European Standard shall be g
17、iven the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2015 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
18、 the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover sp
19、ecifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Europe
20、an Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slove
21、nia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 5 Introduction Passive thermal control systems onboard spacecraft are often based on the thermo-optical properties of the surfaces, namely emissivity and absorbance. The ratio of these two p
22、roperties defines the equilibrium temperature of the surface. This Standard provides requirements for black-anodizing surface treatment applied on metallic surfaces to achieve an emissivity versus absorbance ratio close to unity, as requested for many applications. BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-
23、03:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This Standard defines requirements for measurements and verifications to guarantee that an anodized coating is adequate for the intended application. The requirements set by this Standard ensure high reliability of surface treatments intended to withstand normal terrestrial con
24、ditions and environment loads imposed on spacecraft and associated equipment where surfaces require high solar absorptance, high emittance, high optical blackness, or a combination of these properties. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project,
25、 in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisi
26、on of any of these publications do not apply, However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referr
27、ed to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system Glossary of terms EN 16602-20 ECSS-Q-ST-20 Space product assurance Quality assurance EN 16602-70 ECSS-Q-ST-70 Space product assurance Materials, mechanical parts and processes EN 16602-70-04 ECSS-Q-ST-70-0
28、4 Space product assurance Thermal testing for the evaluation of space materials, processes, mechanical parts and assemblies EN 16602-70-09 ECSS-Q-ST-70-09 Space product assurance Measurement of thermo-optical properties of thermal control materials EN 16602-70-13 ECSS-Q-ST-70-13 Space product assura
29、nce Measurements of the peel and pull-off strength of coatings and finishes using pressure-sensitive tapes BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 8 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms defined in other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from
30、ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply. 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 anodizing placing a film coating on a metal surface by an electrolytic or chemical action 3.2.2 batch (material) material that originates from the same casting lot, and followed the same transformation processes and the same hea
31、t treatment 3.2.3 emittance () ratio of the radiant intensity of the specimen to that emitted by a black body radiator at the same temperature and under the same geometric and wavelength conditions NOTE Differentiation is made between: Hemispherical emittance (h) - conditions for incidence or viewin
32、g of flux over a hemispherical region. Normal emittance (n) - conditions for incidence or viewing through a solid angle normal to the specimen. Ratio refers to the emissivity normal to the surface of the emitting body. 3.2.4 solar absorbance (s) ratio of the solar radiant flux absorbed by a material
33、 (or body) to that incident upon it NOTE Measurement methods are: Spectroscopic method using a photo-spectrometer covering the range from 0,25 m BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 9 up to 2,5 m for the determination of s. Portable equipment using a xenon flash for relative measurements (p
34、) 3.2.5 test piece piece that follows a treatment as close as possible than that is applied on the workpieces with the purpose of assessing the suitability of the process NOTE A test piece can be destructively tested. 3.2.6 workpiece piece that is intended to be used as space-hardware and for which
35、the adequacy of the treatment is assessed by tests performed on work pieces treated in as similar as possible conditions than the workpiece BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 10 4 Principles The black-anodizing of a metal consists of submitting the part to be coated to a controlled oxidat
36、ion treatment during which the metallic surface is transformed into an oxide layer, partly growing in the substrate. Compounds or dyes are sealed in the oxidized layer, thus providing the required optical or thermo-optical properties to the surface. For space applications, only inorganic dyes are su
37、itable, as radiation do not strongly impact on their thermo-optical properties. Depending on the specific project requirements, the coating fulfils part or all the acceptance criteria given in this Standard. Not all metals and alloys are suitable for black- anodizing treatment. The most commonly tre
38、ated are titanium, aluminium and their alloys. In particular, the composition of the alloy, the manufacturing process and the alloy temper can have an impact on the response to the black- anodizing. Aluminium alloys containing a high amount of copper (5 %), zinc (6 %) or silicon (5 %) are known to r
39、espond poorly to some treatments. Wrought alloys are generally easier to treat than cast alloys. The manufacturing process of the part to be coated can have an impact on its response to the black- anodizing process. Also the geometry of the hardware can limit the possibility to coat the part. The su
40、rface quality of the parts to be coated has an influence of the coating results, since the anodization layer mimics the surface characteristics of the underlying substrate. Several requirements are therefore identified in order to select and prepare suitable work-pieces. Annex A describes for inform
41、ation a coating process for aluminium alloy. BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 11 5 Requirements 5.1 Prior to anodizing a. The supplier shall ensure that no damages or degradations occurred during handling and transportation of the parts to be black anodized. NOTE The coating mimics all
42、imperfections of the surface. b. In case of scratching, shock or any other event disturbing the surface aspect, the customer shall be informed and a nonconformance report issued. c. The growth mechanisms of the layer and its impact on final hardware dimensions, including the potential grinding off o
43、f a porous part, shall be communicated to the customer. NOTE The layer formed during anodizing consumes the bulk metal to grow both within and outside the initial dimensions of the bulk. d. The customer shall provide a written agreement on geometry impact prior to starting the black-anodizing proces
44、s. 5.2 Work-piece selection and preparation a. The parts to be treated shall be made of the same alloy and shall be from the same batch. b. The parts shall only be made of the metal to be black-anodized, and any insertion of another metal shall be avoided. c. The parts shall be designed in such a wa
45、y that the chemical products used in the process can be thoroughly rinsed. NOTE The presence of drain holes is a possible means to avoid the retention of chemical within the hardware. d. The parts shall contain no screws, no rivets nor other fastener elements. e. If a part contains welded elements,
46、a verification programme shall be set up to qualify the black anodizing on the specific weld which includes a verification of the cleaning method used to rinse off the chemicals used for anodizing. BS EN 16602-70-03:2014EN 16602-70-03:2014 (E) 12 f. If a brazing alloy is used, the compatibility of t
47、he brazing material with the black-anodizing process shall be demonstrated. g. Only welding and brazing processes for which the seam is continuous shall be used. h. A surface preparation treatment shall be performed on the part to be coated to remove any oil dust or other contaminants from the surfa
48、ce. i. Lint-free gloves or surgical latex talc-free gloves shall be worn during selection and preparation of the parts. NOTE 1 Other surface treatments can be applied to the part to improve the quality of the surface or increase its roughness. NOTE 2 Masking can be applied to the parts not to be ano
49、dized. 5.3 Facilities a. The work area shall be clean and free of dust. b. Air used for ventilation shall be filtered to prevent contamination of the work-pieces by moisture, oil or dust. c. The environmental conditions shall meet requirements of national health regulations. d. Equipment for protection of persons in the work area shall be according to national health regulations. 5.4 Anodizing 5.4.1 General a. The adequacy of the coating process shall be demonstrated through a verification programme in conformance with ECSS-Q-ST-70 Table 4.1. 5.4.2 Process
