1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16603-34:2014Space engineeringPart 34: Environmental control and lifesupport (ECLS)BS EN 16603-34:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16603-34:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
2、Committee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standa
3、rds Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 83986 3ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2014.Amend
4、ments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16603-34:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16603-34 August 2014 ICS 49.140English version Space engineering - Part 34: Environmental control and life support (ECLS) Ingnierie spatiale - Partie 34: Contrle de lenvironnement
5、et support de vie pour les vols habits Raumfahrttechnik - Teil 34: Umweltkontrolle und Lebenserhaltung (ECLS) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 February 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for givin
6、g this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in
7、 three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members a
8、re the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
9、 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Me
10、mbers and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-34:2014 EBS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 5 1 Scope. 6 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 8 3.1 Terms from other standards 8 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 8 3.3 Abbr
11、eviated terms. 10 4 Requirements 11 4.1 Overview 11 4.2 Mission and system 11 4.2.1 General . 11 4.2.2 Mission 11 4.2.3 System 12 4.3 General . 13 4.3.1 Forms of life 13 4.3.2 ECLSS engineering . 14 4.3.3 Environmental condition 14 4.4 Functional . 14 4.4.1 Overview . 14 4.4.2 Maintain environment 1
12、5 4.4.3 Respond to environmental contingencies 20 4.4.4 Provide resources . 22 4.4.5 Manage waste . 27 4.4.6 Support EVA operations 30 4.4.7 Provide health related services . 32 4.5 Design 33 4.5.1 Overview . 33 4.5.2 Data management control . 33 4.6 Interface . 34 BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:201
13、4 (E) 3 4.6.1 General . 34 4.6.2 Ground support equipment (GSE) . 34 4.6.3 Mission interfaces . 34 4.7 Verification 36 4.7.1 General . 36 4.7.2 Verification by similarity . 37 4.7.3 Verification by inspection. 37 4.7.4 Verification by analysis 37 4.8 Product assurance and safety 37 4.9 Deliverables
14、38 4.9.1 Hardware 38 4.9.2 Documentation 38 Annex A (informative) Parameters specification and monitoring 39 A.1 Specification of parameters 39 A.2 Monitoring of parameters 42 Annex B (informative) Reference information for parameters . 43 B.1 Previous flight data . 43 B.2 ISS data 49 B.2.1 Atmosphe
15、re. 49 B.2.2 ECLS loads . 50 B.2.3 Water quality . 51 B.2.4 Radiation doses 52 Annex C (informative) References . 54 Bibliography . 55 TablesTable 4-1: Classification of pressurized volume 15 Table A-1 : List of parameters to be specified . 39 Table A-2 : List of parameters to be monitored . 42 Tabl
16、e B-1 : Previous flight data . 44 Table B-2 : American programmes - Requirements 45 Table B-3 : American programmes - Functions 46 Table B-4 : Russian programmes - Requirements 47 Table B-5 : Russian programmes - Functions . 48 Table B-6 : Atmosphere data 49 BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 4
17、 Table B-7 : Metabolic loads 50 Table B-8 : Water quality specifications 51 Table B-9 : Current ionizing radiation equivalent dose limits . 52 Table B-10 : Organ dose limits for deterministic effects (all ages) 52 Table B-11 : Current career exposure limits . 53 BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (
18、E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 16603-34:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-34:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-34C. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by pu
19、blication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CEN
20、ELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore pr
21、ecedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croa
22、tia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and t
23、he United Kingdom. BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This Standard addresses the discipline of environmental control and life support (ECLS) and the interfaces to other disciplines of engineering and to the domains of management and product assurance. It also introduces the structure
24、 and applicability of the associated Level 3 Standards. The environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS) covered in this Standard includes those aspects relating to the assurance of a safe and comfortable environment for human beings undertaking a space mission. When other forms of life ar
25、e accommodated on board, the ECLSS also ensures the appropriate environmental conditions for those living organisms. This Standard applies to all ECLSS for: all manned space endeavours and man-rated space products, and any other form of life to be maintained on board. This standard may be tailored f
26、or the specific characteristics and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard
27、. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revision of any of these publications, do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For unda
28、ted references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system Glossary of terms EN 16003-10-02 ECSS-E-ST-10-02 Space engineering Verification BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 8 3 Terms, definitions an
29、d abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply. 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard 3.2.1 anoxic gas or atmosphere containing no oxygen 3.2.2 closed-loop ECLSS ECLSS based on recycling, regeneration, an
30、d recovery of materials or elementsNOTE The closed-loop ECLSS implies that the use of significant expendables and consumables is excluded from the processes. 3.2.3 compression EVA related action to increase total pressure 3.2.4 decompression EVA related action to reduce the total pressure 3.2.5 depr
31、essurization action to reduce the total pressure 3.2.6 environmental control and life support (ECLS) engineering discipline dealing with the physical, chemical and biological functions to provide humans and other life forms with suitable environmental conditions NOTE The objective of ECLS is to crea
32、te a suitable environment by controlling the environmental parameters, providing resources, and managing waste products. BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 9 3.2.7 environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) system that includes the hardware and software to perform ECLS functions 3.2.
33、8 hypoxic gas or atmosphere containing oxygen that provides a partial pressure of oxygen below the specified range of oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere of habitable volumes 3.2.9 open-loop ECLSS ECLSS based on external resupply of resources 3.2.10 partial pressure participation of one of the
34、 constituents of a gas mixture or an atmosphere in the total pressure NOTE 1 Examples include: PCO2, stands for partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PH2O, stands for water vapour partial pressure.NOTE 2 To calculate a partial pressure, the fraction of the constituent is multiplied by the total pressu
35、re. For example, the partial pressure of oxygen on Earth is: PO2 = 0,21 1,013 106 Pa = 0,213 106Pa. NOTE 3 Abbreviation for partial pressure is P followed by the chemical formula of the constituent. 3.2.11 pressurization action to increase the total pressure 3.2.12 re-compression EVA related action
36、to restore the total pressure after decompression or to treat decompression illness 3.2.13 re-compression action to restore the total pressure after depressurization 3.2.14 re-pressurization action to restore the total pressure after depressurization 3.2.15 safe haven facility capable of sustaining
37、human life under emergency conditions as a minimum, in the case of a life threatening situation BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 10 3.3 Abbreviated terms For the purpose of this Standard, the abbreviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and the following apply: Abbreviation Meaning CFU colony formi
38、ng unit DCI decompression illnessECSL environmental control and life support ECLSS ECLS system EM engineering model EMC electromagnetic compatibility EMU EVA mobility unit EVA extra-vehicular activity FDIR failure detection, isolation and recovery FM flight model FOV field of view GSE ground support
39、 equipment ICD interface control document ISS International Space Station IVAintra-vehicular activity multig more than 1-g acceleration situation QM qualification model SMAC spacecraft maximum allowable concentration TCS thermal control system BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 11 4 Requirement
40、s 4.1 Overview Requirements defined in this Standard are specific to ECLSS, including requirements for functional objectives of the system or requirements for the safety of life. Requirements are not quantified with values for the parameters. Quantified specifications are established on a case-by-ca
41、se basis for project dependent items. Examples of parameters to be specified are listed in Annex A 4.2 Mission and system 4.2.1 General a. The ECLSS shall be designed for a specific mission and all phases within that mission as defined in 4.2.2, up to the end of the operational lifetime. 4.2.2 Missi
42、on 4.2.2.1 Overview Basic requirements on the ECLSS vary according to the mission scenarios and the mission phases of the selected mission. The most important parameters affecting the requirements are the mission duration, the size of the crew, the type and quantity of living organisms, the availabi
43、lity of a source of resupply (e.g. Earth and space cargo) and the feasibility or duration of any saving, rescue or evacuation procedure. The longer the mission duration and the larger the distance from the source of resupply (e.g. Earth) are the more difficult the rescue becomes and the higher the d
44、ependence is on ECLSS closed loops. 4.2.2.2 Identification of requirementsa. ECLSS requirements related to each mission phase shall be identified in project Phase A. BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 12 NOTE For project phases and planning, see ECSS-M-ST-10. 4.2.2.3 Mission phases a. The appli
45、cable conditions for the following mission phases shall be included in the ECLSS definition: 1. ground and pre-launch operations; (a) storage, transport; (b) functional check out; (c) waiting on launch pad. 2. launch and ascent; (a) launch time; (b) external environment; (c) specific requirements du
46、ring multi-g phases; (d) impact of depressurization and re-pressurization (IVA); (e) launch abort situation. 3. planetary orbital phase; 4. transfer phase; 5. docking, docked and separation phases, rendezvous and parking; 6. extra-vehicular activity: pre-breathing 7. planetary phase; (a) landing, mi
47、ssion on planet; (b) planetary walk; (c) excursion, rover, supported excursion. 8. return to Earth, descent, reentry and landing; 9. post landing phases, quarantine. NOTE Manned and unmanned phases can be part of a given mission. b. The storage and transport conditions for supplies shall be specifie
48、d. c. External environmental conditions, both on ground and in space shall be taken into account. 4.2.3 System 4.2.3.1 Multi-ECLSS phases 4.2.3.1.1 Applicability The requirements in 4.2.3.1.2 apply to each of the several pressurized volumes that can be involved in a given mission, each with its own
49、ECLSS to work BS EN 16603-34:2014EN 16603-34:2014 (E) 13 independently during some phases of the mission, for the duration of the independent operations (example EVA suit). 4.2.3.1.2 Requirements a. Interfaces shall be defined for the period of time when several pressurized volumes having independent ECLSSs are mated. b. When an ECLSS is not in operation during a given phase of the mission, standby mode conditions shall be defined. c. When docking to another spacecraft, the various ECLSSs involved shall be compatible. 4.2.3.2 Reusable systems a. When a vehicle is u
