1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16603-60-20:2014Space engineering Starsensor terminology andperformance specificationBS EN 16603-60-20:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN16603-60-20:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Te
2、chnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British
3、 Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84092 0ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 201
4、4.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16603-60-20:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16603-60-20 September 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space engineering - Star sensor terminology and performance specification Ingnierie spatiale - Specification des per
5、formances et terminolodie des senseurs stellaires Raumfahrttechnik - Terminologie und Leistungsspezifikation fr Sternensensoren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 March 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the condit
6、ions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Stan
7、dard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CEN
8、ELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxe
9、mbourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for C
10、EN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-60-20:2014 EBS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 9 3.1 Terms from other standards 9 3.2 Terms specif
11、ic to the present standard . 9 3.3 Abbreviated terms. 28 4 Functional requirements 30 4.1 Star sensor capabilities . 30 4.1.1 Overview . 30 4.1.2 Cartography 31 4.1.3 Star tracking 32 4.1.4 Autonomous star tracking 32 4.1.5 Autonomous attitude determination . 33 4.1.6 Autonomous attitude tracking 34
12、 4.1.7 Angular rate measurement 34 4.1.8 (Partial) image download. 35 4.1.9 Sun survivability 35 4.2 Types of star sensors . 36 4.2.1 Overview . 36 4.2.2 Star camera 36 4.2.3 Star tracker . 36 4.2.4 Autonomous star tracker . 36 4.3 Reference frames . 37 4.3.1 Overview . 37 4.3.2 Provisions . 37 4.4
13、On-board star catalogue . 37 5 Performance requirements 39 BS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 3 5.1 Use of the statistical ensemble . 39 5.1.1 Overview . 39 5.1.2 Provisions . 39 5.2 Use of simulations in verification methods 40 5.2.1 Overview . 40 5.2.2 Provisions for single star perform
14、ances . 40 5.2.3 Provisions for quaternion performances 40 5.3 Confidence level . 40 5.4 General performance conditions . 41 5.5 General performance metrics . 42 5.5.1 Overview . 42 5.5.2 Bias . 42 5.5.3 Thermo elastic error 43 5.5.4 FOV spatial error . 44 5.5.5 Pixel spatial error 45 5.5.6 Temporal
15、 noise . 45 5.5.7 Aberration of light 46 5.5.8 Measurement date error 47 5.5.9 Measured output bandwidth 47 5.6 Cartography 47 5.7 Star tracking . 47 5.7.1 Additional performance conditions 47 5.7.2 Single star tracking maintenance probability . 48 5.8 Autonomous star tracking . 48 5.8.1 Additional
16、performance conditions 48 5.8.2 Multiple star tracking maintenance level 48 5.9 Autonomous attitude determination 49 5.9.1 General . 49 5.9.2 Additional performance conditions 49 5.9.3 Verification methods 50 5.9.4 Attitude determination probability 50 5.10 Autonomous attitude tracking . 51 5.10.1 A
17、dditional performance conditions 51 5.10.2 Maintenance level of attitude tracking . 52 5.10.3 Sensor settling time . 53 5.11 Angular rate measurement . 53 5.11.1 Additional performance conditions 53 BS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 4 5.11.2 Verification methods 53 5.12 Mathematical mode
18、l 54 Bibliography . 84 Figures Figure 3-1: Star sensor elements schematic 12 Figure 3-2: Example alignment reference frame . 14 Figure 3-3: Boresight reference frame 15 Figure 3-4: Example of Inertial reference frame 15 Figure 3-5: Mechanical reference frame . 16 Figure 3-6: Schematic illustration o
19、f reference frames 17 Figure 3-7: Stellar reference frame . 17 Figure 3-8: Schematic timing diagram 19 Figure 3-9: Field of View . 21 Figure 3-10: Aspect angle to planetary body or sun 22 Figure 4-1: Schematic generalized Star Sensor model . 31 Figure B-1 : AME, MME schematic definition 61 Figure B-
20、2 : RME Schematic Definition 62 Figure B-3 : MDE Schematic Definition 63 Figure B-4 : Rotational and directional Error Geometry 64 Figure F-1 : Angle rotation sequence 79 Figure H-1 : Example of detailed data sheet . 83 Tables Table C-1 : Minimum and optional capabilities for star sensors 69 Table D
21、-1 : Measurement error metrics 71 Table D-2 : Star Position measurement error metrics . 71 Table E-1 : Minimum number of simulations to verify a performance at performance confidence level PCto an estimation confidence level of 95 % . 76 Table G-1 : Contributing error sources . 80 BS EN 16603-60-20:
22、2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 16603-60-20:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-60-20:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-60-20C Rev. 1. This European Standard shall be given the st
23、atus of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subje
24、ct of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document has been developed to cover specifically
25、 space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standar
26、d: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
27、, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 6 Introduction In recent years there have been rapid developments in star tracker technology, in particular with a great increase in sensor autonomy and capabilities. This Standard is intended to supp
28、ort the variety of star sensors either available or under development. This Standard defines the terminology and specification definitions for the performance of star trackers (in particular, autonomous star trackers). It focuses on the specific issues involved in the specification of performances o
29、f star trackers and is intended to be used as a structured set of systematic provisions. This Standard is not intended to replace textbook material on star tracker technology, and such material is intentionally avoided. The readers and users of this Standard are assumed to possess general knowledge
30、of star tracker technology and its application to space missions. This document defines and normalizes terms used in star sensor performance specifications, as well as some performance assessment conditions: sensor components sensor capabilities sensor types sensor reference frames sensor metrics BS
31、 EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope This Standard specifies star tracker performances as part of a space project. The Standard covers all aspects of performances, including nomenclature, definitions, and performance metrics for the performance specification of star sensors. The Sta
32、ndard focuses on performance specifications. Other specification types, for example mass and power, housekeeping data, TM/TC interface and data structures, are outside the scope of this Standard. When viewed from the perspective of a specific project context, the requirements defined in this Standar
33、d should be tailored to match the genuine requirements of a particular profile and circumstances of a project. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. BS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 8 2 Normati
34、ve references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revision of any of these publications, do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this
35、ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the more recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS sys
36、tem Glossary of terms BS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply. Additional definitions are included in Annex B. 3.2 Terms specific t
37、o the present standard 3.2.1 Capabilities 3.2.1.1 aided tracking capability to input information to the star sensor internal processing from an external source NOTE 1 This capability applies to star tracking, autonomous star tracking and autonomous attitude tracking. NOTE 2 E.g. AOCS. 3.2.1.2 angula
38、r rate measurement capability to determine, the instantaneous sensor reference frame inertial angular rotational rates NOTE Angular rate can be computed from successive star positions obtained from the detector or successive absolute attitude (derivation of successive attitude). 3.2.1.3 autonomous a
39、ttitude determination capability to determine the absolute orientation of a defined sensor reference frame with respect to a defined inertial reference frame and to do so without the use of any a priori or externally supplied attitude, angular rate or angular acceleration information 3.2.1.4 autonom
40、ous attitude tracking capability to repeatedly re-assess and update the orientation of a sensor-defined reference frame with respect to an inertially defined reference frame for an extended period of time, using autonomously selected star images in the field BS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014
41、 (E) 10 of view, following the changing orientation of the sensor reference frame as it moves in space NOTE 1 The Autonomous Attitude Tracking makes use of a supplied a priori Attitude Quaternion, either provided by an external source (e.g. AOCS) or as the output of an Autonomous Attitude Determinat
42、ion (Lost-in-Space solution). NOTE 2 The autonomous attitude tracking functionality can also be achieved by the repeated use of the Autonomous Attitude Determination capability. NOTE 3 The Autonomous Attitude Tracking capability does not imply the solution of the lost in space problem. 3.2.1.5 auton
43、omous star tracking capability to detect, locate, select and subsequently track star images within the sensor field of view for an extended period of time with no assistance external to the sensor NOTE 1 Furthermore, the autonomous star tracking capability is taken to include the ability to determin
44、e when a tracked image leaves the sensor field of view and select a replacement image to be tracked without any user intervention. NOTE 2 See also 3.2.1.9 (star tracking). 3.2.1.6 cartography capability to scan the entire sensor field of view and to locate and output the position of each star image
45、within that field of view 3.2.1.7 image download capability to capture the signals from the detector over the entire detector Field of view, at one instant (i.e. within a single integration), and output all of that information to the user NOTE See also 3.2.1.8 (partial image download). 3.2.1.8 parti
46、al image download capability to capture the signals from the detector over the entire detector Field of view, at one instant (i.e. within a single integration), and output part of that information to the user NOTE 1 Partial image download is an image downloads (see 3.2.1.7) where only a part of the
47、detector field of view can be output for any given specific instant. NOTE 2 Partial readout of the detector array (windowing) and output of the corresponding pixel signals also fulfil the functionality. BS EN 16603-60-20:2014EN 16603-60-20:2014 (E) 11 3.2.1.9 star tracking capability to measure the
48、location of selected star images on a detector, to output the co-ordinates of those star images with respect to a sensor defined reference frame and to repeatedly re-assess and update those co-ordinates for an extended period of time, following the motion of each image across the detector 3.2.1.10 s
49、un survivability capability to withstand direct sun illumination along the boresight axis for a certain period of time without permanent damage or subsequent performance degradation NOTE This capability could be extended to flare capability considering the potential effect of the earth or the moon in the FOV. 3.2.2 Star sensor components 3.2.2.1 Overview Figure 3-1 shows a scheme of the interface among the generalized components specified in this Standard. NOTE Used as a camera the sensor output can be located directly after the pre-processing block. BS EN 16603-
