1、BS EN 16720-1:2016Characterization of sludges Physical consistencyPart 1: Determination of flowability Method by extrusion tube apparatusBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16720-1:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16720-1:2016.BSI, as a member of
2、CEN, is obliged to publish EN 16720-1:2016 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a European Standard.The UK committee is concerned that the validation trials (Annex C) have
3、not been completed. Consequently it is difficult to assess the reproducibility and performance of this method.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/5, Sludge characterization.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to
4、 its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 85556 6ICS 13.030.20Compliance with a British Stand
5、ard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3+VOF 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedg3g3g8g24g21g18g19g8g4g17g3g22g23g4g17g7g4g21g7g3g17g18g21g16g8g3g8g2
6、4g21g18g19g50g8g17g17g8g3g8g24g21g18g19g34g12g22g6g11g8g3g17g18g21g16g3EN 16720-1 g3 g3g3 g16g131g155g3g884g882g883g888g3g12g6g22g3g883g885g484g882g885g882g484g884g882g3g8g144g137g142g139g149g138g3g25g135g148g149g139g145g144g3g3g6g138g131g148g131g133g150g135g148g139g156g131g150g139g145g144g3g145g136
7、g3g149g142g151g134g137g135g149g3g486g3g19g138g155g149g139g133g131g142g3g133g145g144g149g139g149g150g135g144g133g155g3g486g3g19g131g148g150g3g883g483g3g7g135g150g135g148g143g139g144g131g150g139g145g144g3g145g136g3g136g142g145g153g131g132g139g142g139g150g155g3g486g3g16g135g150g138g145g134g3g132g155g3g
8、135g154g150g148g151g149g139g145g144g3g150g151g132g135g3g131g146g146g131g148g131g150g151g149g3g6g131g148g131g133g150g177g148g139g149g131g150g139g145g144g3g134g135g149g3g132g145g151g135g149g3g486g3g6g145g144g149g139g149g150g131g144g133g135g3g146g138g155g149g139g147g151g135g3g486g3g19g131g148g150g139g1
9、35g3g883g483g3g7g177g150g135g148g143g139g144g131g150g139g145g144g3g134g135g3g142g821g131g146g150g139g150g151g134g135g3g157g3g142g821g177g133g145g151g142g135g143g135g144g150g3g486g3g16g177g150g138g145g134g135g3g151g150g139g142g139g149g131g144g150g3g151g144g3g131g146g146g131g148g135g139g142g3g157g3g15
10、0g151g132g135g3g134g821g135g154g150g148g151g149g139g145g144g3g3 g6g138g131g148g131g141g150g135g148g139g149g139g135g148g151g144g137g3g152g145g144g3g22g133g138g142g161g143g143g135g144g3g486g3g19g138g155g149g139g141g131g142g139g149g133g138g135g3g5g135g149g133g138g131g136g136g135g144g138g135g139g150g3g4
11、86g3g23g135g139g142g3g883g483g3g5g135g149g150g139g143g143g151g144g137g3g134g135g149g3g9g142g139g135g233g152g135g148g138g131g142g150g135g144g149g3g486g3g25g135g148g136g131g138g148g135g144g3g143g139g150g3g10g135g148g161g150g3g143g139g150g3g8g154g150g148g151g149g139g145g144g149g148g145g138g148g3g23g138
12、g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g153g131g149g3g131g146g146g148g145g152g135g134g3g132g155g3g6g8g17g3g145g144g3g883g891g3g16g131g148g133g138g3g884g882g883g888g484g3g3g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g149g3g131g148g135g3g132g145g151g144g134g3g150g145g3g133g1
13、45g143g146g142g155g3g153g139g150g138g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g512g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g12g144g150g135g148g144g131g142g3g21g135g137g151g142g131g150g139g145g144g149g3g153g138g139g133g138g3g149g150g139g146g151g142g131g150g135g3g150g138g135g3g133g145g144g134g139g150g139g145g144g149g3g136g145g148g3g137g139g15
14、2g139g144g137g3g150g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g150g138g135g3g149g150g131g150g151g149g3g145g136g3g131g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g153g139g150g138g145g151g150g3g131g144g155g3g131g142g150g135g148g131g150g139g1
15、45g144g484g3g24g146g486g150g145g486g134g131g150g135g3g142g139g149g150g149g3g131g144g134g3g132g139g132g142g139g145g137g148g131g146g138g139g133g131g142g3g148g135g136g135g148g135g144g133g135g149g3g133g145g144g133g135g148g144g139g144g137g3g149g151g133g138g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g
16、144g134g131g148g134g149g3g143g131g155g3g132g135g3g145g132g150g131g139g144g135g134g3g145g144g3g131g146g146g142g139g133g131g150g139g145g144g3g150g145g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g486g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g16g131g144g131g137g135g143g135g144g150g3g6g135g144g150g148g135g3g145g148g3g150g145g3g131g144g155g3g6g8g17g3
17、g143g135g143g132g135g148g484g3g3g23g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g135g154g139g149g150g149g3g139g144g3g150g138g148g135g135g3g145g136g136g139g133g139g131g142g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g149g3g523g8g144g137g142g139g149g138g481g3g9g148g135g144g133g138g4
18、81g3g10g135g148g143g131g144g524g484g3g4g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g3g139g144g3g131g144g155g3g145g150g138g135g148g3g142g131g144g137g151g131g137g135g3g143g131g134g135g3g132g155g3g150g148g131g144g149g142g131g150g139g145g144g3g151g144g134g135g148g3g150g138g135g3g148g135g149g146g145g144g149g139g132g13
19、9g142g139g150g155g3g145g136g3g131g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g3g139g144g150g145g3g139g150g149g3g145g153g144g3g142g131g144g137g151g131g137g135g3g131g144g134g3g144g145g150g139g136g139g135g134g3g150g145g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g486g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g16g131g144g131g137g135g143g135g144g150g3g6g135g1
20、44g150g148g135g3g138g131g149g3g150g138g135g3g149g131g143g135g3g149g150g131g150g151g149g3g131g149g3g150g138g135g3g145g136g136g139g133g139g131g142g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g149g484g3g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g149g3g131g148g135g3g150g138g135g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g
21、144g134g131g148g134g149g3g132g145g134g139g135g149g3g145g136g3g4g151g149g150g148g139g131g481g3g5g135g142g137g139g151g143g481g3g5g151g142g137g131g148g139g131g481g3g6g148g145g131g150g139g131g481g3g6g155g146g148g151g149g481g3g6g156g135g133g138g3g21g135g146g151g132g142g139g133g481g3g7g135g144g143g131g148
22、g141g481g3g8g149g150g145g144g139g131g481g3g9g139g144g142g131g144g134g481g3g9g145g148g143g135g148g3g28g151g137g145g149g142g131g152g3g21g135g146g151g132g142g139g133g3g145g136g3g16g131g133g135g134g145g144g139g131g481g3g9g148g131g144g133g135g481g3g10g135g148g143g131g144g155g481g3g10g148g135g135g133g135g
23、481g3g11g151g144g137g131g148g155g481g3g12g133g135g142g131g144g134g481g3g12g148g135g142g131g144g134g481g3g12g150g131g142g155g481g3g15g131g150g152g139g131g481g3g15g139g150g138g151g131g144g139g131g481g3g15g151g154g135g143g132g145g151g148g137g481g3g16g131g142g150g131g481g3g17g135g150g138g135g148g142g131
24、g144g134g149g481g3g17g145g148g153g131g155g481g3g19g145g142g131g144g134g481g3g19g145g148g150g151g137g131g142g481g3g21g145g143g131g144g139g131g481g3g22g142g145g152g131g141g139g131g481g3g22g142g145g152g135g144g139g131g481g3g22g146g131g139g144g481g3g22g153g135g134g135g144g481g3g22g153g139g150g156g135g14
25、8g142g131g144g134g481g3g23g151g148g141g135g155g3g131g144g134g24g144g139g150g135g134g3g14g139g144g137g134g145g143g484g3g3g3g3g3g8g24g21g18g19g8g4g17g3g6g18g16g16g12g23g23g8g8g3g9g18g21g3g22g23g4g17g7g4g21g7g12g29g4g23g12g18g17g3g6g18g16g12g23g50g3g8g24g21g18g19g50g8g17g3g7g8g3g17g18g21g16g4g15g12g22g
26、4g23g12g18g17g3g8g24g21g18g19g34g12g22g6g11g8g22g3g14g18g16g12g23g8g8g3g9g111g21g3g17g18g21g16g24g17g10g3g3g3g3CEN-CENELECg3Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels g825g3g884g882g883g888g3g6g8g17g3 g4g142g142g3g148g139g137g138g150g149g3g145g136g3g135g154g146g142g145g139g150g131g150g139g
27、145g144g3g139g144g3g131g144g155g3g136g145g148g143g3g131g144g134g3g132g155g3g131g144g155g3g143g135g131g144g149g3g148g135g149g135g148g152g135g134g3g153g145g148g142g134g153g139g134g135g3g136g145g148g3g6g8g17g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g16g135g143g132g135g148g149g484g3g21g135g136g484g3g17g145g48
28、4g3g8g17g3g883g888g889g884g882g486g883g483g884g882g883g888g3g8BS EN 16720-1:2016EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Principle 6 5 Equipment 6 6 Test sample 7 7 Procedure . 7 8 Expression of the resu
29、lts. 7 9 Precision . 8 10 Test report . 8 Annex A (informative) Flow behaviour of fluids . 9 Annex B (informative) Extrusion tube apparatus 10 Annex C (informative) Results of validation trials 12 Bibliography . 16 BS EN 16720-1:2016g8g17g3g883g888g889g884g882g487g883g483g884g882g883g888g3g525g8g526
30、BS EN 16720-1:2016EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16720-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization and management of sludge”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar
31、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.
32、CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 16720, Characterization of sludges - Physical consistency consists of the following two parts: Part 1: Determination of flowability - Method by extrusion tube apparatus Part 2: Determination of solidit
33、y (in preparation) According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mac
34、edonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16720-1:2016g8g17g3g883g888g889g884g882g487g883g483g884g882g88
35、3g888g3g525g8g526BS EN 16720-1:2016EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 4 Introduction The evaluation of physical consistency is recognized to be very important since it affects almost all treatment, utilization and disposal operations, such as storage, pumping, transportation, handling, land spreading, de-watering,
36、 drying, landfilling. It is also to be pointed out that in many analytical methods for sludge characterization (e.g. pH, dry matter, leachability, etc.), different procedures are required depending on whether the sample to be examined is liquid or not. No standardized procedures have previously been
37、 available for the evaluation of this sludge property. Physical consistency is a characteristic strictly linked to the rheological properties of fluids. Details on flow behaviour of fluids are available in Annex A (informative). Flowability represents the boundary area between the liquid and the pas
38、te-like physical state, i.e. the state in which a sludge is able to “flow” under the effect of gravity or pressure below a certain threshold (CEN/TR 15463). This document defines a method for determining the flowability of sludge (Flowability index, Fi) by means of an extrusion tube apparatus. BS EN
39、 16720-1:2016g8g17g3g883g888g889g884g882g487g883g483g884g882g883g888g3g525g8g526BS EN 16720-1:2016EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of the European Standard specifies a method for determining the flowability, as defined in CEN/TR 15463, of sludge by means of the extrusion tube apparatus. This
40、part of this European Standard is applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions from: storm water handling; urban wastewater collecting systems; urban wastewater treatment plants; plants treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC); water supply treat
41、ment plants. This method is also applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions of other origins. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited appl
42、ies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16323:2014, Glossary of wastewater engineering terms CEN/TR 15463:2007, Characterization of sludges - Physical consistency - Thixotropic behaviour and piling behaviour 3 Terms and defini
43、tions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16323:2014 and the following apply. 3.1 dynamic viscosity ratio of the applied shear stress to the shear rate (velocity gradient) in a rotating viscometer Note 1 to entry: Dynamic viscosity is the measure of the resistanc
44、e to flow of a liquid. 3.2 flowability index Fiparameter indicating whether a sludge is in the “liquid” physical state or not, i.e. is able to flow under the effect of gravity or pressure below a certain threshold 3.3 non-Newtonian fluid fluid having a non-constant shear stress to shear rate ratio B
45、S EN 16720-1:2016g8g17g3g883g888g889g884g882g487g883g483g884g882g883g888g3g525g8g526BS EN 16720-1:2016EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 6 3.4 shear rate measure of the spatial change in speed at which the intermediate layers move with respect to each other 3.5 shear stress force per unit area required to produce
46、the shearing action 3.6 yield stress minimum shear stress to initiate flow 4 Principle The flowability of sludge can be evaluated through several procedures using different devices (see CEN/TR 15463). A simple way, at both the laboratory and field scale, consists of measuring the Flowability index F
47、iby means of an extrusion tube apparatus (cylindrical container equipped with standardized discharge pipes at its bottom, 5.1). The flowability index is related to the yield stress and is expressed in the same units (see Clause 8). Fiis determined by measuring the height of the sludge remaining in t
48、he cylinder above the discharge pipe fitted at its bottom when the flow through the pipe becomes discontinuous. The measured height value allows the corresponding value of Fito be calculated through the simplified flow equation in straight pipes, often referred to as the Bingham model. NOTE Theoreti
49、cally, the liquid physical state can be defined in the absence of yield stress. However, sludge can be considered a liquid when yield stress is below a certain level. 5 Equipment 5.1 Extrusion tube apparatus The standard extrusion tube apparatus is shown in Figure B.1. It consists of a cylindrical transparent container, 100 mm internal diameter and 350 mm deep, to which pipes (in PVC or similar material) 200 mm long and with internal diameter of 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm can be fitted at its bottom. The apparatus shall be provided with a scale graduated in millimetres to
