1、BS EN 16758:2016Curtain walling Determination of the strengthof sheared connections Testmethod and requirementsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16758:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16758
2、:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/538/6, Curtain walling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users
3、 are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 86564 0 ICS 91.060.10 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of
4、 the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16758:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16758 June 2016 ICS 91.060.10 English Version Curtain walling - Determination of the strength of
5、 sheared connections - Test method and requirements Faades rideaux - Dtermination de la rsistance des assemblages - Mthode dessai et exigences Vorhangfassaden - Festlegung der Beanspruchbarkeit von auf Abscheren beanspruchten Verbindungen - Prfverfahren und Anforderungen This European Standard was a
6、pproved by CEN on 29 April 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nation
7、al standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own languag
8、e and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, H
9、ungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-C
10、ENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16758:2016 EBS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4
11、 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Symbols . 4 5 Method of evaluation . 4 5.1 General 4 5.2 Samples . 4 5.3 Loadings. 10 5.3.1 General . 10 5.3.2 Preloading . 10 5.3.3 Vertical loading . 10 5.3.4 Horizontal loading . 10 6 Calculation for combined horizontal and vertical loadings . 10 6.1 Method A 10 6.2
12、 Method B (detailed, optional) 11 7 Test report 13 Annex A (informative) Determination of the design loading of a connection - Serviceability limit state 14 Annex B (normative) Determination of the design loading of a connection - Ultimate limit state . 18 Annex C (normative) Field of direct applica
13、tion 19 Bibliography . 20 BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16758:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall
14、be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docu
15、ment may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard:
16、Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, S
17、weden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of bearing capacity (ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state), of connections between curtain walling framing members for whi
18、ch it cannot be calculated in accordance with current codes or conventional calculations based upon the strength of the materials. Mechanical performances of the curtain walling connections are already assessed in accordance with the provisions described in EN 13830. Additional information with resp
19、ect to mechanical performance of the connections and direct applications can be determined with this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the ed
20、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13119, Curtain walling - Terminology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13119 and the following apply. 3.1 c
21、onnection set of components designed to transfer loads between framing members (e.g. cleat, screw) 4 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Fh,desdesign horizontal load Fv,desdesign vertical load Fu5the characteristic force giving 75 % confidence that 95 % of the tes
22、t results will be higher than this value s the standard deviation of the series under consideration upartial factor for the connection applicable to rupture statistical eccentricity of 5 % with 75 % confidence 5 Method of evaluation 5.1 General Connections are subjected to permanent loads as well as
23、 to variable loads. The measurement of the deformation is recorded at the application of the force. The support shall restraint vertical and horizontal movements. 5.2 Samples The samples shall be representative of the connection methods between the framing members of the curtain walling. BS EN 16758
24、:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 5 Based on the type of curtain walling (e.g. stick construction, unitized system etc) different types of connection between the framing members should be tested, depending to the design of the connection, Figures from 1 to 3 are examples of typical test configurations, but dif
25、ferent configurations may be used. Figures from 4 to 7 are examples of typical test configurations incorporating actual glass supports. Figure 1 Schematic T-connection and loading points (any connection method can be chosen) BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 6 Figure 2 Schematic L-connection and loa
26、ding points (any connection method can be chosen) Figure 3 Axial resistance (any connection method can be chosen) BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 7 Figure 4 Schematic T- connection and loading points Figure 5 Schematic L- connection and loading points BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 8 Figure 6 M
27、ultiple schematic T- connection and loading points Figure 7 Axial resistance for an intermediate mullion NOTE: Figure 7 can be considered as a principle for axial resistance of transoms. BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 9 Figure 8 Dead load (Fv) Figure 9 Dead load (Fv) for serviceability limit stat
28、e Where the glass supports are tested together with the shear connection a dead load (Fv) should be applied to the glass support as in practice. To establish the serviceability limit state (Annex A) it is advised to limit the the deformation of the glass support at a maximum displacement of 1mm, mid
29、way between the two displacement transducer (DT1 and DT2). The samples are built according to Figure 1 to 3 or Figure 4 to 7 and Figure 8 and 9, for which the following apply: a = 300 mm1), a1= 200 mm and a2= 100 mm; b 500 mm1), b = 750 mm; cv, ch 2)d, e: dimensions of the actual loading points and
30、typical of the construction tested; e: the distance from the position of (a) the contact area of the internal glazing gasket and the transom, AND (b) the centre of gravity of the infill the manufacturer is willing to use on his/her curtain walling; g = 250 mm1); i = 250 mm; S: fixing of the samples
31、on the test rig (according to the respective loadings). 1) Depending on the circumstances (project specifications or products details) sizes could differ. 2) Depending on the actual geometry of the connection, Fh must be located on the transom as close as possible to the mullion with a recommended m
32、aximum of ch 50mm. BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 10 5.3 Loadings 5.3.1 General The design load for the Serviceability Limit State is determined according to the procedure described on Annex A. The design load for the Ultimate Limit State is determined according to the procedure described on Anne
33、x B. 5.3.2 Preloading Prior to loading, a force of 100 N will be applied after which the displacement transducers (DT) will be reset. 5.3.3 Vertical loading The design static loading is defined as follow: - Minimum n = 5 connections are submitted to vertical loading until they break using a deformat
34、ion speed of 5 mm/min, the force/deformation curve is recorded. - The design vertical load Fv,desis determined according the procedure described in Annex A. 5.3.4 Horizontal loading 5.3.4.1 Positive (pressure) loading It is defined as follow: - Minimum n = 5 connections are submitted to horizontal p
35、ositive loadings until they break, using a deformation speed of 5 mm/min, the force/deformation curves are recorded. - The design positive horizontal load Fh,des,+is determined according the procedure described in Annex A. 5.3.4.2 Negative (suction) loading It is defined as follow: - Minimum n = 5 c
36、onnections are submitted to horizontal negative loading until they break, using a deformation speed of 5 mm/min, the force /deformation curve is recorded. - The design negative horizontal load Fh,des,-is determined according the procedure described in Annex A. 6 Calculation for combined horizontal a
37、nd vertical loadings 6.1 Method A The samples which were used to calculate the Fv,des, Fh,des,- and Fh,des,+(see 5.3) are used. For each series of n samples, the vertical (Fv,des,x%) and the positive and negative design horizontal (Fh+,des,x%, Fh-,des,x%) loadings are determined according the proced
38、ure described in Annex B. When the serviceability limit state is specifically required,-the methodology is as described in Annex A. ( )+=, , ,min ;h des h des h desF FF (1) BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 11 All the combinations included in the area A (0, Fv,des, Fh,des) are acceptable, as shown i
39、n Figure 10. The points “m” of maximum combinations of vertical and horizontal design loadings belong to the straight line of formula: = , ,v desvm vdes hmh desFFF FF(2) Figure 10 Area of acceptable combination of vertical and horizontal loadings 6.2 Method B (detailed, optional) A series of 5 conne
40、ctions are loaded with combined vertical and horizontal loadings as shown in Table 1: Table 1 Examples of loading combinations Minimum number of samples n = Vertical loadings Positive and negative horizontal loadings 5 Fv,des,20 %= 20 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,-5 Fv,des,40 %= 40 % Fv,desFrom 0N to F
41、h,des,-5 Fv,des,60 %= 60 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,-5 Fv,des,80 %= 80 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,-5 Fv,des,100 %= 100 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,-5 Fv,des,20 %= 20 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,+5 Fv,des,40 %= 40 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,+5 Fv,des,60 %= 60 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,+5 Fv,des,80 %= 80 % F
42、v,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,+5 Fv,des,100 %= 100 % Fv,desFrom 0N to Fh,des,+The deformation speed is 5 mm/min and the force/deformation curve is recorded. For each series of n samples, the vertical (Fv,des,x%) and the positive and negative design horizontal (Fh+,des,x%, Fh-,des,x%) loadings are determine
43、d according to the procedure described in Annex B. When the serviceability limit state is specifically required, the methodology is as described in Annex A. BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 12 The pairs of values (Fh+,des,x%, Fv+,des,x%) are graphically represented in Figure 11 as follows for posit
44、ive and negative horizontal values. The area A represents the acceptable combinations of horizontal and vertical loadings. Figure 11 Area of acceptable combinations of vertical and horizontal loadings BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 13 7 Test report A report shall be prepared on any initial and fu
45、rther testing and/or calculation according to this standard. It shall include full information on, but not limited to, the following: product type; type/s of construction; fixings - screws, cleats, shear pins; fixings - material specification; including compliance with Standard/s; profile references
46、; origin of materials and type/s of materials; dimensioned drawings of specimens; the manufacturer; the test laboratory the test method and apparatus; the test results. Evaluation reports shall be retained by the manufacturer and the test laboratory as long as the product is under fabrication and ma
47、de available on the market, otherwise for at least 10 years. BS EN 16758:2016EN 16758:2016 (E) 14 Annex A (informative) Determination of the design loading of a connection - Serviceability limit state The purpose is to determine the vertical and horizontal loadings corresponding to the elastic defor
48、mation limit of the connection thanks to the analysis of the recorded curves during the loading test. The procedure comprises the following steps, as shown in Figure A.1: 1) Clean the recorded curves of the test with the origin irregularities; 2) With the cleaned curves, build a reference graph with
49、 the points corresponding to the average forces Faveof the n cleaned curves for four equal increments of deformation; 3) The linear part of the reference graph is corresponding to the maximum number of points of the reference graph for which the linear regression coefficient R 0,98, as shown in Figure A.2. In case where the curve shows a second maximum value, only the first one shall be taken into account; 4) The maximum average elastic force Fave,elacorresponds to the maxim
