1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 27965-1:1993 ISO 7965-1: 1984 Packaging Sacks Drop test Part 1: Paper sacks The European Standard EN27965-1:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 621.798.151-035.4:620.165.72BSEN27965-1:1993 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Packagin
2、g and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, was publishedunder the authority ofthe Standards Board and comesinto effect on 15February1993 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/11 Draft for comment88/38291DC ISBN 0 580 21402 8 C
3、ooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normalisation Denmar
4、k Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. France Association franaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland I
5、taly Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Spain Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin Sweden Standardiseringskommis
6、sionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN27965-1:1993 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 1 Scope an
7、d field of application 3 2 References 3 3 Principle 3 4 Apparatus 3 5 Sampling 3 6 Conditioning 3 7 Procedure 3 8 Test report 5 Annex A Examples of apparatus for drop testing 6 Annex B Identification of surfaces of filled sacks for testing 8 Annex C Example of format for a drop test report 8 Nationa
8、l annex NA (informative) Committees responsible Inside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-references Inside back cover Figure 1 Graphical method for calculation of limit height, H 5 Figure 2 Example of apparatus suitable for flat and side dropping 6 Figure 3 Example of apparatus suitab
9、le for butt dropping 7 Figure 4 Surface identification 8BSEN27965-1:1993 ii BSI 09-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN27965-1:1992 Packaging Sac
10、ks Drop test Part1: Paper sacks, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), which endorses ISO7965-1:1984 published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This British Standard constitutes a new edition of BS6838 Testing of sacks Part1:1987 Method for determ
11、ination of resistance of paper sacks to vertical impact by dropping which is withdrawn; BS6838-1:1987 was also identical to ISO7965-1:1984. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applicat
12、ion. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (s
13、ee copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 27965-1 November 1992 UDC 621.798.151-035.4:620.165.72 Descriptors: Packing, paper packaging, paper bags, drop tes
14、ts English version Packaging Sacks Drop test Part1: Paper sacks (ISO 7965-1:1984) Emballages Sacs Essai de chute Partie1: Sacs en papier (ISO7965-1:1984) Packmittel Scke Stoprfung im freien Fall Teil1: Papierscke (ISO7965-1:1984) This European Standard was approved by CEN on1992-10-30. CEN members a
15、re bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
16、 the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same s
17、tatus as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization
18、Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN27965-1:1992 EEN27965-1:1992 BSI 09-1999 2 Foreword In 1991, ISO7965-1:1984 “Packaging Sacks Drop test Part1: Paper sacks” was subm
19、itted to the CEN Primary Questionnaire procedure. Following the positive result of the CEN/CS Proposal ISO7965-1:1984 was submitted to the Formal Vote. The result of the formal vote was positive. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an ide
20、ntical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May1993. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Franc
21、e, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN27965-1:1992 BSI 09-1999 3 1 Scope and field of application This part of ISO7965 specifies a method of vertical impact testing on a filled paper sack by dropping. I
22、t may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of vertical impact or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a sack to withstand a distribution system that includes a vertical impact hazard. This part of ISO7965 specifies the testing procedure and how
23、 the results of tests should be presented. It is based on ISO2248, but is specifically related to paper sacks. 2 References ISO 2248, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Part4: Vertical impact test by dropping. ISO 6599-1, Packaging Sacks Conditioning for testing Part1: Paper sacks. ISO 70
24、23, Packaging Sacks Method of sampling empty sacks for testing. 3 Principle The filled sack is raised above a rigid plane surface and released to strike this surface after a free fall, the atmospheric conditions, the height of drop and the position of the package being set in advance. 4 Apparatus Th
25、e apparatus necessary to carry out the drop test shall include the following (examples are shown in Annex A): 4.1 lifting arrangment, which will not damage the sack during either lifting or release. 4.2 means of holding the sack prior to release in its predetermined position. 1) 4.3 release mechanis
26、m, to release the sack in such a way that its fall is not obstructed by any part of the apparatus before striking the impact surface (4.4). 4.4 impact surface, horizontal and flat, massive enough to be immovable and rigid enough to be non-deformable under test conditions. NOTEIn normal circumstances
27、 the impact surface provided should be: of one piece, with a mass at least 50times that of the heaviest sack to be tested; flat, such that no two points on its surface differ in level by more than 2mm; rigid, such that it will not be deformed by more than0,1mm when an area of 100mm 2is loaded static
28、ally with10kg anywhere on the surface; sufficiently large to ensure that the sack falls entirely upon the surface. A plastic film may be used on the impact surface under the sack in order not to damage the sack while moving it. 5 Sampling Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the procedur
29、e in ISO7023. 6 Conditioning The empty sacks shall be conditioned in accordance with the procedure in ISO6599-1, using one of the designated conditioning atmospheres. 7 Procedure The various tests as described shall be carried out in the same atmospheric conditions as used for conditioning (see clau
30、se6) or, if not, the tests shall commence within 3min of removing the sack from the conditioning atmosphere. 7.1 Filling Fill the sacks with the intended commodity but, if this is not possible, with similar material, taking into account type and size of granules etc., to give the same degree of fill
31、ing. The mass of filling material shall be within 0,2% of that of the nominal mass of the intended contents of the sack. Position the sack on the trap door of the apparatus before the drop. 7.2 Dropping Place the sack under test centrally on the platform which is then raised to a height that is with
32、in2% of the predetermined drop height as defined by the distance between the lowest point of the sack at the time of release and the nearest point of the impact surface. The sack shall be released from its predetermined position within the following tolerances: for drops on any side or edge: there s
33、hall be no variation of more than2 between the impacting surface of the sack, and the horizontal surface; for edge or corner drops: the angle between a prescribed surface of the sack and the horizontal surface shall be45 5 ; the velocity at impact shall be within 1% of that which would be achieved b
34、y a free fall. 7.2.1 Dropping procedure NOTEThe designation of the various surfaces of the filled sack is set down inAnnex B. 1) The difference in behaviour of a sack suspended from the top or supported underneath in a butt drop can be significant, and the method of holding the sack before dropping
35、must be included in the test report.EN27965-1:1992 4 BSI 09-1999 7.2.1.1 Flat dropping Drop successive sacks alternately on the face side(1) and on the back side (3), so that the first sack is dropped on the face side until it breaks and the second on the back side until it breaks, and so on. 7.2.1.
36、2 Side dropping Drop successive sacks alternately on the side (2) and the side (4), so that the first sack is dropped on the side (2) until it breaks and the second on the side (4) until it breaks, and so on. 7.2.1.3 Butt dropping Drop the sack only on the bottom (5), until it breaks. 7.2.1.4 Edge a
37、nd corner dropping If this test is necessary, drop the sack on any corner or any edge until it breaks. 7.3 Test methods 7.3.1 Progressive drop height method This method may be used for flat, side and butt drop testing of paper sacks. 7.3.1.1 Flat and side drop test The drop height, h, is given by th
38、e formula h = 0,85 + (n 1) 0,15 where The drop test shall be initiated at 0,85m height (h 0 ). After each drop without any visible failure on the sack, an increment of 0,15m in drop height is made. A sack shall be considered broken when spillage of the contents occurs. The number of drops and the fi
39、nal drop height at break are recorded. The test result can be reported as the average breaking height (h) and the corresponding number of drops (n). 7.3.1.2 Butt drop test The drop height, h, is given by the formula h = 0,30 + (n 1) 0,05 where The test result shall be reported in accordance with7.3.
40、1.1. NOTEFor sacks of composite materials or with reinforcement of any type, a suitable initial drop height (h 0 ) may be selected with increments (%h) of about1/6 of the initial height, rounded to the nearest 0,15m. 7.3.2 Constant drop height method This method may be used for testing of ordinary p
41、aper sacks as an alternative to the progressive drop height method. 7.3.2.1 Flat, side or butt drop test This test may be used for either flat, side or butt dropping and shall be performed from a constant height so selected that the number of drops before rupture is about10. A sack shall be consider
42、ed broken when spillage of the content occurs. The report shall give the drop height, number of drops to breakage and the type of drops (i.e., flat, side or butt drops). NOTEThe constant drop height method has a special application when testing paper sacks intended for the transport of dangerous goo
43、ds (maximum net mass50kg). According to Recommendations by the United Nations 2)and the IMDG Code 3) , three sacks shall be sampled and tested. In the UN Recommendations, paper sacks intended to convey goods presenting medium danger (Packaging Group II) shall be dropped from a height of 1,2m while t
44、hose presenting minor danger (Packaging Group III) shall be dropped from a height of0,8m. It is required that each of the filled sacks shall be dropped once on the face side and once on the bottom from the prescribed height. With both levels of testing, there shall be neither serious rupture of any
45、of the sacks nor loss of contents. 7.3.3 Limit height method This method shall be used to test sacks with higher strength than ordinary paper sacks. 7.3.3.1 Flat, side or butt drop test The test may be performed as a flat, side or butt drop test. In this test, the lowest height at which the sack wil
46、l break on the first drop is calculated from the results obtained. 0,85 is the value, in metres, of the initial drop height (h 0 ); n is the number of drops; 0,15 is the value, in metres, of the increment (%h). 0,30 is the value, in metres, of the initial drop height (h 0 ); n is the number of drops
47、; 0,05 is the value, in metres, of the increment (%h). 2) Transport of dangerous goods Recommendations prepared by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, United Nations Economic and Social Council. 3) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, IMO (previously
48、IMCO).EN27965-1:1992 BSI 09-1999 5 The sack shall be dropped from three constant heights, which give mean drop numbers () of approximately3, 8 and13. The limit height, H, is calculated from the formula: where H may also be calculated using a graphical method, by plotting the mean drop number, , agai
49、nst the corresponding drop height, h, on log-log graph paper as shown inFigure 1. The test report shall give the drop heights used, number of drops to breakage at each height and the type of drops (i.e., flat, side or butt). 8 Test report The test report shall include full details of size, construction and type of all sacks tested, together with information on the type and weight of contents and type of closure. All results shall be given and shall include details of pos
