1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 28768:1993 ISO 8768:1986 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Complete, filled transport packages Method for determination of resistance to damage by toppling The European Standard EN 28768:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 621.798.1:620.165.72BSEN 28768:1993 This British
2、 Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee, was published underthe authority of the BoardofBSI and comes intoeffecton 30 September 1987 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee referenc
3、e PKM/501 Draft for comment 86/35089 DC ISBN 0 580 16092 0 Committees responsible for the BritishStandard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/501, upon which the following bodies were re
4、presented: Association of Drum Manufacturers British Fibreboard Packaging Association Chemical Industries Association Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Electronic Components Industry Federation Glass Manufacturers Federation Institute of Packaging Ministry of De
5、fence PIRA (The Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries) Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Telecommunication Engineering and Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Timber Research and Development Association Amendments issued since publication Amd.
6、No. Date of issue Comments 7465 March 1993 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBSEN28768:1993 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 1 Scope and field of application 3 2 References 3 3 Principle 3 4 Apparatus 3 5 Package preparation 3 6
7、 Conditioning 3 7 Procedure 3 8 Test report 4 Figure 1 Testing of tall packages 5 Figure 2 Testing of flat packages 6 Table 1 Test sequence for tall packages 5 Table 2 Test sequence for flat packages 6 Publications referred to Inside back coverBSEN 28768:1993 ii BSI 08-1999 National foreword This Pa
8、rt of BS 4826 has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee. It is identical with ISO8768:1986 “Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Toppling test” published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In 1992 the European
9、 Committee for Standardization (CEN) accepted ISO8768:1986 as European Standard EN 28768:1992. As a consequence of implementing the European Standard this British Standard is renumbered as BSEN 28768 and any reference to BS 4826-14 should be read as a reference to BSEN28768. Terminology and conventi
10、ons. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. The comma has been used
11、as a decimal marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker. Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “Part of BS4826”. The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of
12、ISO 2233, to which reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A related British Standard is BS 4826“Complete, filled transport packages” Part 2:1986 “Method of conditioning for testing”. A British Standard does not purport to in
13、clude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International Standard Corresponding British Standard ISO 2206:19
14、72 BS 4826 Methods of test for complete, filled transport packages Part 1:1972 Identification of package parts when testing (Technically equivalent) BS 4826 Complete, filled transport packages ISO 2244:1985 Part 5:1986 Method for determination of resistance to horizontal impact (Identical) ISO 2248:
15、1985 Part 4:1986 Method for determination of resistance to vertical impact by dropping (Identical) ISO 2876:1985 Part 11:1986 Method for determination of resistance to damage by rolling (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN t
16、itle page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 28768 November 19
17、92 UDC 621.798.1:620.165.72 Descriptors: Packing, transport packing, complete- and filled packages, drop tests English version Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Toppling test (ISO 8768:1986) Emballages Emballages dexpdition complets et pleins Essai de basculement (ISO8768:1986) Verpackun
18、g Versandfertige Packstcke Umstrzprfung (ISO 8768:1986) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-10-30. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any a
19、lteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tr
20、anslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxemb
21、ourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 287
22、68:1992 EEN 28768:1993 BSI 08-1999 2 Foreword In 1991, ISO8768:1986 Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Toppling test was submitted to the CEN Primary Questionnaire procedure. Following the positive result of the CEN/CS Proposal ISO 8768:1986 was submitted to the Formal Vote. The result of
23、 the Formal Vote was positive. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1993. According to the CEN/CENEL
24、EC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.EN28768:1993 BSI 08-1999 3 1 Sco
25、pe and field of application This International Standard specifies a method for carrying out a toppling test on a complete, filled transport package which may be exposed to the danger of toppling during storage, transport and handling. The test may be used to assess the performance of a package in te
26、rms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its contents when it is subject to toppling. It may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects of toppling or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of the package to withstand a distribution system
27、that includes a toppling hazard. The test, which is complementary to the tests described in ISO 2244, ISO2248 and ISO 2876, may be used to investigate the performance of packages which are tall in relation to their base dimensions. It is also applicable to packages the height of which is small by co
28、mparison with base dimensions but which may be stored or transported resting on a side face in order to conserve storage/transport space (seeFigure 1 andFigure 2). The test is recommended for packages where the ratio of the longest to the shortest sides is of the order of 3 : 1 or greater. 2 Referen
29、ces ISO 2206, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Identification of parts when testing. ISO 2233, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Conditioning for testing. ISO 2244, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Horizontal impact tests (horizontal or inclined plane test; pend
30、ulum test). ISO 2248, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Vertical impact test by dropping. ISO 2876, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Rolling test. 3 Principle In simple testing, placing of the test package on a flat, horizontal surface and subjection of the package to an inc
31、reasing horizontal force applied at a position above its centre of gravity until it topples freely about a lower edge. The atmospheric conditions and package attitude are predetermined. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Impact surface, horizontal and flat, massive enough to be immovable and rigid enough to be non-def
32、ormable under test conditions. In normal circumstances, the impact surface provided shall be flat, so that no two points on its surface differ in level by more than 2mm; rigid, so that it will not be deformed by more than 0,1mm when an area of 100mm 2is loaded statically with10kg anywhere on the sur
33、face; sufficiently large to ensure the test package falls entirely upon the surface. It shall have a mass at least50times that of the heaviest package to be tested. NOTEA concrete floor at least 150mm thick is suitable provided it complies with the above requirements. 4.2 Means of loading, capable o
34、f applying a horizontal force to the vertical faces of the test package at a particular height above the centre of gravity and of sufficient force to cause toppling without causing the package to slide on the horizontal surface. 5 Package preparation The test package shall normally be filled with it
35、s intended contents. However, under certain circumstances, simulated or dummy contents may be used on condition that the dimensions and physical properties of such contents shall be as close as possible to those of the intended contents. Ensure that the test package is closed normally, as if ready f
36、or distribution. If simulated or dummy contents are used, ensure that the normal method of closure is still employed. 6 Conditioning The package shall be conditioned in accordance with one of the conditions described inISO2233. 7 Procedure Whenever possible the test shall be carried out in the same
37、atmospheric conditions as used for conditioning, where this is critical to the materials or application of the package. In other circumstances, the test shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions which are as near as practicable to those used for conditioning. 7.1 Place the test package in the p
38、redetermined attitude (i.e. standing on one of its smaller faces) on the impact surface (4.1).EN 28768:1993 4 BSI 08-1999 7.2 Using the means of loading provided (4.2), apply increasing force to a vertical face above the centre of gravity (or at an upper edge) so that the test package rotates about
39、the opposite lower edge until a point of balance is reached. Then permit it to overbalance without thrust so that it falls freely onto the face opposite the face to which the force is applied. NOTEFor smaller packages, which can be handled manually, the toppling force may be applied by hand. For lar
40、ger packages, a mechanical means of loading may be necessary, i.e. a hydraulic ram or a cable or winch. 7.3 Examine the package and record any external signs of damage. 7.4 Repeat the test with the package standing on, or impacting onto, other appropriate faces. In the case of tall packages, the rep
41、eat tests shall be carried out with the package standing on its normal base and toppling onto each side face in turn (seeFigure 1). In the case of flat packages (or tall packages where the normal base is not defined), the tests shall be carried out with the package standing on each smaller face in t
42、urn and impacting onto each of the largest faces (seeFigure 2). Table 1 andTable 2 give appropriate sequences for tall packages and flat packages, respectively. For the designation of the faces referred to in the tables, see ISO2206. 7.5 On completion of the test sequence, the test package and conte
43、nts shall be examined for damage. 8 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) reference to this International Standard; b) number of replicate packages tested; c) full description of the package, including dimensions, structural and material specification of the package
44、 and its fittings, cushioning, blocking, closure or reinforcing arrangements; d) description of contents if simulated or dummy contents were used, full details shall be given; e) gross mass of the package and mass of contents, in kilograms; f) relative humidity, temperature and time of conditioning;
45、 temperature and relative humidity of test area at time of test; whether these values comply with the requirements of ISO2233; g) the sequence of attitudes in which the package was tested, using the method of identification given in ISO 2206; h) type of loading apparatus used and, if known, the heig
46、ht of the centre of gravity; i) any deviations from the test method described in this International Standard; j) a record of the result, with any observations which may assist in correct interpretation; k) date of the test; l) signature of tester.EN28768:1993 BSI 08-1999 5 Table 1 Test sequence for
47、tall packages Figure 1 Testing of tall packages (i.e. where height is large compared with base dimensions) Stand on face Tilt over edge Topple onto face 3 3 3 3 36 35 32 34 6 5 2 4 1 a 1 a 1 a 1 a 16 a 15 a 12 a 14 a 6 a 5 a 2 a 4 a a This part of the sequence is only applied where the normal base i
48、s not defined.EN 28768:1993 6 BSI 08-1999 Table 2 Test sequence for flat packages Figure 2 Testing of flat packages (i.e. where height is small compared with base dimensions and packages may be stored or transported resting on a side face) Stand on face Tilt over edge Topple onto face 1 2 3 4 1 2 3
49、4 15 25 35 45 16 26 36 46 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6BSEN28768:1993 BSI 08-1999 Publications referred to See national foreword.BS EN 28768:1993 ISO 8768:1986 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions BritishStandards are updated by amendment or revision. Use
