1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 29241-2:1993 ISO 9241-2: 1992 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements The European Standard EN 29241-2:1993 has the status of a British Standard UDC 681.327.1:331.101.1BSEN29241-2:1993 This British Stand
2、ard, having been prepared under the direction of the Personal Safety Equipment Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1993 BSI 01-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference
3、PSM/39 Draft for comment 88/42336 DC ISBN 0 580 21359 5 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: Austria Oesterreichisches Normun
4、gsinstitut Belgium Institut belge de normalisation Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. France Association franaise de normalisation Germany Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Greece Hellenic Organization for Standardization Iceland Technological Institute of
5、Iceland Ireland National Standards Authority of Ireland Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Luxembourg Inspection du Travail et des Mines Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Norway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portugal Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Spain Asociacin Espaola de
6、Normalizacin y Certificacin Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige Switzerland Association suisse de normalisation United Kingdom British Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN29241-2:1993 BSI 01-1999 i Contents Page Cooperating organizations Insi
7、de front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative reference 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Task design 3 5 Evaluation and maintenance of the system 5 National Annex NA (informative) Committees responsible 6 National Annex NB (informative) Cross-reference Inside back coverBSEN2
8、9241-2:1993 ii BSI 01-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Personal Safety Equipment Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN29241-2:1993 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part
9、2: Guidance on task requirements, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is identical with ISO9241-2:1992, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). EN 29241-2 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom to
10、ok an active part. BS EN 29241-2:1993 supersedes BS 7179-2:1990, which is withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of its
11、elf confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN title page, pages 2 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporat
12、ed. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 29241-2 April 1993 UDC 681.327.1:331.101.1 Descriptors: Data processing equipment, office equipment, data terminal equipment, screens, displays, human factors engineering,
13、specification English version Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements (ISO 9241-2:1992) Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux crans de visualisation (TEV) Partie 2: Guide gnral concernant les exigences d
14、es tches (ISO 9241-2:1992) Bildschirmgerte fr Brottigkeiten Ergonomische Anforderungen Teil 2: Arbeitsgestaltung, Anforderungen (ISO 9241-2:1992) This European Standard was approved by CEN on1992-12-20. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the con
15、ditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in thre
16、e official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Aus
17、tria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: r
18、ue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1993 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 29241-2:1993 EEN29241-2:1993 BSI 01-1999 2 Foreword On the proposal of the CEN Central Secretariat, the Technical Board has decided to submit the International Standard ISO9241-2:1992 “Ergonomic requirements for of
19、fice work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements” to the Formal Vote. The result of the formal vote was positive. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest b
20、y October1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October1993. In acordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
21、y, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN29241-2:1993 BSI 01-1999 3 Introduction The introduction of a VDT-based information processing system can have effects on the structure, function and physical environment of an organization. Patterns of int
22、eraction can change, individual, organizational and technical interdependencies can change, and the contents of jobs can change. These changes should affect the performance, health and well-being of the individuals involved in a positive way. The application of ergonomic principles to a VDT-based in
23、formation processing system is essentially the integration of task design with the design of the hardware and software and the work environment. 1 Scope This part of ISO9241 provides guidelines to users of VDT-based information processing systems with reference to office tasks. This guidance is rele
24、vant to both the organization implementing the system and the people using the equipment. The guidance should be applied in accordance with local, regional or national agreements and regulations. The objective of this part of ISO9241 is to enhance the efficiency and well-being of the individual user
25、 by applying ergonomics knowledge in the light of practical experience, to the design of tasks. The ergonomics principles concerned are set out in ISO6385. The characteristics of the visual display, and the control, workplace and environmental requirements are specified in other parts of ISO9241. Th
26、is part of ISO9241 does not address software and dialogue design. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO9241. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subj
27、ect to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO9241 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 6385:1981, Ergonomic p
28、rinciples in the design of work systems. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO9241, the definitions given in ISO6385 apply. 4 Task design 4.1 Aims In applying ergonomics principles to the design of tasks for users of VDT-based information processing systems, the objective is to provide
29、for optimal working conditions with regard to human well-being, safety, and health, taking into account technological and economic efficiency. Appropriately designed tasks should: facilitate task performance; safeguard the users health and safety; promote their well-being; provide opportunities to d
30、evelop their skills and capabilities with respect to the tasks concerned. In particular the following should be avoided as far as possible: overload or underload, which can lead to unnecessary or excessive strain or fatigue, or to errors; undue repetitiveness, which can lead to sensations of monoton
31、y, satiation and boredom, and to dissatisfaction; undue time pressure; working alone without opportunities for social contact. 4.2 Characteristics of well-designed tasks At the same time as contributing to the main purpose of the VDT-based information processing system, an appropriate and efficient
32、design for office tasks should: recognise the experience and capabilities of the user populations; provide for the application of an appropriate variety of skills, capabilities and activities; ensure that the tasks performed are identifiable as whole units of work rather than fragments; ensure that
33、the tasks performed make a significant contribution to the total function of the system which can be understood by the user; provide an appropriate degree of autonomy to the user in deciding priority, pace and procedure; provide sufficient feedback on task performance in terms meaningful to the user
34、; provide opportunities for the development of existing skills and the acquisition of new skills with respect to the tasks concerned.EN29241-2:1993 4 BSI 01-1999 4.3 Specifying design requirements In order to achieve the objectives and characteristics of a well-designed task which are set out in4.1
35、and4.2, it is necessary to consider the specific purposes of the system and characteristics of the users. In this way it will be possible to take account of the interdependencies which arise in particular organizational settings. There is no single best way of designing tasks to take account of user
36、 requirements, efficiency, health and well-being. The organization which is implementing the system should engage in whatever activities are appropriate to the identification of task characteristics which will meet the criteria. The characteristics listed in 4.2 should be used to evaluate and compar
37、e alternative task designs. In formulating new versions of a task, positive attributes of the task should be sustained or enhanced when compared with existing tasks. An important part of the process of establishing the task requirements will be to obtain reliable and valid data directly from users.
38、There are many ways in which this can be done, for example: a) by observational studies; b) by psychometric assessment on standardized scales; c) by the use of questionnaires; d) by interviews; e) by consultation. There are three aspects of tasks involving VDT-based information processing systems wh
39、ich are particularly significant in terms of their influence on the criteria for good task design. These aspects are: f) the length and distribution of time spent operating the system; g) discretion, i.e. autonomy in choosing whether and how to use the system; h) dependence, i.e. the degree to which
40、 the VDT-based information processing system as a work tool is essential to the performance of the task. It should be noted that there are different optimal ranges for each of these three aspects, and that their interdependencies have a particularly strong effect on the aims and characteristics set
41、out in4.1 and4.2. In the course of designing the specific task, currently existing conditions should be determined with a view to predicting future requirements. Where there is insufficient information for these decisions to be made on the basis of current experience, it will be necessary to gather
42、the necessary data from tests in prototypes, simulations and pilot studies. To ensure that the process of task design is effective, plans for design and evaluation should be developed sufficiently in advance of system selection and installation. 4.4 Implementation planning 4.4.1 General A proper imp
43、lementation plan should be developed to anticipate and address the physical and psychological changes that will take place in the organizational environment before, during and after introduction of a new or modified VDT-based information processing system. Successful management of the change process
44、 is the key to acceptance and productive utilization of the system. 4.4.2 Developing an effective implementation plan To be most effective, implementation plans should be developed before system procurement and installation and in co-operation with those in the organization whose operations will be
45、most affected by the new system. User participation in the implementation process is of particular importance with respect to effective implementation and functioning of the system. The introduction of a VDT-based information processing system requires that the following aspects be addressed within
46、an integrated framework. a) Organizational aspects 1) Functional operations and interactions (are changes necessary?) 2) Organization structure (is restructure indicated?) 3) Job content and development of skills (consider both users and non-users of the system)EN29241-2:1993 BSI 01-1999 5 b) Aspect
47、s concerning work equipment and physical working conditions 1) System hardware/software requirements (examine available capability, ergonomic design features) 2) Design of physical work environments (have ergonomics requirements been taken into account?) 3) System support requirements (have reliabil
48、ity, availability and supportability needs been adequately provided for?) c) Aspects concerning personnel issues 1) Personnel planning and work rules (are changes indicated?) 2) Employee selection and placement criteria (are changes in current practices indicated?) 3) Training programmes (are they a
49、dequately designed and supported?) Users should be encouraged to identify existing and potential problems that can occur during design, implementation and beyond. Such user involvement usually results in a better system than could otherwise be achieved. 5 Evaluation and maintenance of the system Evaluation of installed systems can be achieved by using the methods set out in 4.3 a) to e), to obtain reliable and valid measures of the criteria established in the design requirements. Where data and experience from
