1、BSI Standards PublicationSpecification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methodsPart 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus EMC antenna calibrationBS EN 55016-1-6:2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 55016-1-6:2015. It is
2、identical to CISPR 16-1-6:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Com-mittee GEL/210, EMC - Policy committee, to Subcommittee GEL/210/12,EMC basic, generic and low frequency phenomena Standardization.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtaine
3、d onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 72035 2ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20Complian
4、ce with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 55016-1-6:2015EUROPE
5、AN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 55016-1-6 February 2015 ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 English Version Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-6: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - EMC antenna calibration (CISPR 16-1-6:2014
6、) Spcifications des mthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radiolectriques et de limmunit aux perturbations radiolectriques - Partie 1-6: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radiolectriques et de limmunit aux perturbations radiolectriques - talonnage des antennes CEM (CISPR 16-1-6:20
7、14) Anforderungen an Gerte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten Straussendung (Funkstrungen) und Strfestigkeit - Teil 1-6: Gerte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Straussendung (Funkstrungen) und Strfestigkeit - Kalibrierung von Antennen fr E
8、MV-Messungen (CISPR 16-1-6:2014) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-01-21. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-t
9、o-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tra
10、nslation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
11、 Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Europ
12、ean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide
13、 for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 55016-1-6:2015 E BS EN 55016-1-6:2015EN 55016-1-6:2015 - 2 - Foreword The text of document CISPR/A/1087/FDIS, future edition 1 of CISPR 16-1-6, prepared by CISPR SC A “Radiointerference measurements and statistical methods“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
14、vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 55016-1-6:2015. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-10-21 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with
15、 the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2018-01-21 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the
16、 International Standard CISPR 16-1-6:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: CISPR 16-1-1:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55016-1-1:2010 (not modified). CISPR
17、 16-2-3:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55016-2-3:2010 (not modified). CISPR 16-4-2:2011 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55016-4-2:2011 (not modified). CISPR 25:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55025:2008 (not modified). IEC 61000-4-22:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-4-22:2010 (not modified). IEC 61169-16:2006 NOTE Har
18、monized as EN 61169-16:2007 (not modified). ISO/IEC 17043:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO/IEC 17043:2010 (not modified). BS EN 55016-1-6:2015- 3 - EN 55016-1-6:2015 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following doc
19、uments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE 1 When an Internati
20、onal Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu Publication Year Title EN/HD Year CISPR 16-1-4 +A1 2010 20
21、12 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements EN 55016-1-4 +A1 2010 2012 CISPR 16-1-5 2014 Specification for radio disturbance and immu
22、nity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration sites and reference test sites for 5 MHz to 18 GHz EN 55016-1-5 2015 IEC 60050-161 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility
23、- - ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 2008 Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) - - BS EN 55016-1-6:2015 2 CISPR 16-1-6:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS 1 Scope 12 2 Normative references 12 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 13 3.1 Terms and definitions
24、13 3.1.1 Antenna terms . 13 3.1.2 Antenna factor terms . 16 3.1.3 Measurement site terms 17 3.1.4 Other terms . 18 3.2 Abbreviations 19 4 Fundamental concepts . 20 4.1 General . 20 4.2 The concept of antenna factor . 20 4.3 Calibration methods for 30 MHz and above . 21 4.3.1 General . 21 4.3.2 Anten
25、na minimum separation distances . 21 4.3.3 General considerations for the TAM . 21 4.3.4 General considerations for the SSM. 21 4.3.5 General considerations for the SAM. 22 4.4 Measurement uncertainties for antenna calibration measurement results 22 4.5 Summary of methods of measurement to obtain AF
26、 23 5 Calibration methods for the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 25 5.1 Calibration of monopole antennas . 25 5.1.1 General . 25 5.1.2 Calibration by the ECSM 26 5.2 Calibration of loop antennas . 32 5.2.1 General . 32 5.2.2 TEM (Crawford) cell method 32 6 Frequencies, equipment and functional ch
27、ecks for calibrations at or above 30 MHz . 35 6.1 Calibration frequencies . 35 6.1.1 Calibration frequency ranges and increments 35 6.1.2 Transition frequency for hybrid antennas . 36 6.2 Measurement instrumentation requirements for antenna calibrations 37 6.2.1 Equipment types 37 6.2.2 Mismatch . 3
28、8 6.2.3 Dynamic range and reproducibility of SIL measurement . 40 6.2.4 Signal-to-noise ratio 40 6.2.5 Antenna masts and cables . 41 6.3 Functional checks of an AUC 41 6.3.1 General . 41 6.3.2 Balance of an antenna . 41 6.3.3 Cross-polar performance of an antenna . 41 6.3.4 Radiation patterns of an
29、antenna . 42 7 Basic parameters and equations common to antenna calibration methods for frequencies above 30 MHz 43 7.1 Summary of methods for measurements to obtain AF . 43 BS EN 55016-1-6:2015CISPR 16-1-6:2014 IEC 2014 3 7.2 Site insertion loss measurements 43 7.2.1 General . 43 7.2.2 SIL and SA m
30、easurement procedure 43 7.2.3 Common uncertainty components of a SIL measurement . 44 7.3 Basic equations for the calculation of AF from SIL and SA measurements 46 7.3.1 Antenna factor from SIL measurements . 46 7.3.2 Relationship of AF and SIL for a free-space calibration site . 46 7.3.3 Relationsh
31、ip of AF and SIL for a calibration site with a metal ground plane . 47 7.4 Equations for AF and measurement uncertainties using the TAM, SSM, and SAM 48 7.4.1 TAM 48 7.4.2 SSM 53 7.4.3 SAM 55 7.5 Parameters for specifying antenna phase centre and position . 57 7.5.1 General . 57 7.5.2 Reference posi
32、tion and phase centres of LPDA and hybrid antennas . 58 7.5.3 Phase centres of horn antennas 61 8 Details for TAM, SAM, and SSM calibration methods for frequencies of 30 MHz and above . 63 8.1 General . 63 8.2 Considerations for Facalibrations using TAM . 63 8.2.1 General considerations 63 8.2.2 Cal
33、ibration site and antenna set-up considerations for use with the TAM . 63 8.2.3 Antenna parameters for a free-space environment or a ground plane site 65 8.2.4 Validation of calibration method . 66 8.3 Considerations for Facalibrations using the SAM . 66 8.3.1 General considerations and calibration
34、site for use of the SAM 66 8.3.2 Calibration procedures and antenna set-ups for Faby the SAM . 67 8.3.3 Parameters of the STA 67 8.4 SSM calibrations at a ground-plane site, 30 MHz to 1 GHz . 68 8.4.1 General considerations and calibration site for SSM 68 8.4.2 Calibration procedure for SSM . 69 8.4
35、.3 Calculation of Fa. 69 8.4.4 Uncertainties of Faobtained using SSM 70 9 Calibration procedures for specific antenna types for frequencies of 30 MHz and above 71 9.1 General . 71 9.2 Calibrations for biconical and hybrid antennas in a free-space environment for 30 MHz to 300 MHz, and tuned dipoles
36、for 60 MHz to 1 000 MHz 71 9.2.1 General considerations and calibration site requirements 71 9.2.2 Calibration procedure and antenna set-up for use with the SAM 71 9.2.3 Uncertainties of Fadetermined by the SAM . 72 9.2.4 Antenna set-up for use with the TAM (alternative) . 74 9.3 Calibration of bico
37、nical (30 MHz to 300 MHz) and hybrid antennas, using the SAM and VP at a ground plane site . 74 9.3.1 General considerations and calibration site requirements 74 9.3.2 Calibration procedure and antenna set-up . 75 9.3.3 Uncertainties of Fadetermined with the SAM. 76 BS EN 55016-1-6:2015 4 CISPR 16-1
38、-6:2014 IEC 2014 9.4 Calibration of LPDA, hybrid, and horn antennas in a free-space environment, 200 MHz to 18 GHz . 77 9.4.1 General considerations and calibration site for a free-space environment . 77 9.4.2 Calibrations using the TAM 79 9.4.3 Antenna set-up for use with the SAM . 80 9.4.4 Alterna
39、tive antenna set-up for site with absorber on the ground . 80 9.5 Calibration of horn and LPDA antennas in a FAR, 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 81 9.5.1 Calibration using the TAM 81 9.5.2 Calibration and antenna set-up for the SAM . 84 Annex A (informative) Background information and rationale for the methods o
40、f antenna calibration . 85 A.1 Rationale for the need for several calibration methods and for use of a ground plane site 85 A.2 Special measures for calibration of omnidirectional antennas 86 A.2.1 General . 86 A.2.2 Difficulties with calibration of omnidirectional antennas 87 A.2.3 Minimizing refle
41、ctions from antenna supports and radiation from cables 87 A.2.4 Field taper and monocone set-up for VP biconical calibration 88 A.2.5 Use of HP or VP in a FAR 89 A.2.6 Substitution where the STA is the same model as the AUC 89 A.3 Calibrations using broadband calculable dipole antennas . 89 A.3.1 Di
42、sadvantages of tuned dipole antennas 89 A.3.2 Advantages of broadband calculable dipole antennas 90 A.3.3 Disadvantages of calculable dipole antennas . 90 A.4 Rationale for Faand biconical/LPDA antenna cross-over frequency 90 A.4.1 Rationale for Fa. 90 A.4.2 Cross-over frequency from biconical to LP
43、DA antennas . 91 A.4.3 Biconical element designs . 91 A.5 Sources of increased uncertainty in measurement of Faby the SSM. 92 A.6 Calibration of LPDA antennas using smaller separation distances . 94 A.6.1 Calibration of LPDA antennas using smaller separation distances . 94 A.6.2 Correction of electr
44、ic field strength to account for phase centre of LPDA antennas . 95 A.7 Cross-polar discrimination of LPDA antennas . 96 A.8 Tips for measurement instrumentation 97 A.8.1 Signal-to-noise ratio 97 A.8.2 Connector pin depth 99 A.8.3 Effect of added adaptor in a “cable-through” measurement 99 A.8.4 Com
45、pression level . 100 A.8.5 Source power slope function above 6 GHz . 100 A.8.6 Frequency increment for detection of resonances 100 A.8.7 Return loss or VSWR . 100 A.9 Uncertainty considerations 101 A.9.1 General . 101 A.9.2 Achievable uncertainties for Fa101 A.9.3 Uncertainties of dipoles above a gr
46、ound plane . 101 A.9.4 Verification of uncertainty by comparison of methods 102 Annex B (normative) Calibration of biconical antennas and tuned dipole antennas above a ground plane using the TAM and the SAM . 103 BS EN 55016-1-6:2015CISPR 16-1-6:2014 IEC 2014 5 B.1 General . 103 B.2 Characteristics
47、of biconical antennas and dipole antennas 103 B.3 Frequencies 103 B.4 Measurement of Fa(h,p) of biconical and tuned dipole antennas and derivation of Faby averaging Fa(h,p), 30 MHz to 300 MHz . 104 B.4.1 General . 104 B.4.2 Measurement of Fa(h,H) by the SAM and derivation of Fa. 104 B.4.3 Measuremen
48、t of Fa(h,H) by the TAM and derivation of Fa. 107 B.5 Measurement of Faof tuned dipoles placed high above a ground plane in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz 109 B.5.1 General . 109 B.5.2 Measurement of Faby the SAM . 109 B.5.3 Measurement of Faby the TAM . 111 Annex C (informative) Rationale
49、for the equations used in antenna calibration and relevant information about antenna characteristics for uncertainty analysis in the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 GHz 113 C.1 General . 113 C.2 Antenna factor and antenna gain 113 C.2.1 Relationship between AF and gain for antennas in a free-space environment . 113 C.2.2 Relationship between AF and gain for monopole antennas on a large ground plane . 115 C.3 Equations for the insertion loss between antennas 115 C.3.1 Site insertion loss measured at a free-space calibration si
