1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60544-4:2003 Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation Part 4: Classification system for service in radiation environments The European Standard EN 60544-4:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 17.240; 29.035.01 BS EN 60544-4:20
2、03 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 December 2003 BSI 15 December 2003 ISBN 0 580 43064 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 60544-4:2003. It is identical with IEC 60544-4:
3、2003. It supersedes BS 7811-4:1995 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/15, Insulating material, to Subcommittee GEL/15/5, Methods of test, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be
4、 obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” faci
5、lity of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligation
6、s. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pag
7、es This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEA
8、N STANDARD EN 60544-4 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM October 2003 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2003 CENELEC
9、- All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60544-4:2003 E ICS 17.240; 29.035.01 English version Electrical insulating materials - Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation Part 4: Classification system for service in radiati
10、on environments (IEC 60544-4:2003) Matriaux isolants lectriques - Dtermination des effets des rayonnements ionisants Partie 4: Systme de classification pour lutilisation dans un environnement sous rayonnement (CEI 60544-4:2003) Elektroisolierstoffe - Bestimmung der Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung Te
11、il 4: Klassifikationssystem fr den Einsatz unter Strahlung (IEC 60544-4:2003) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2003-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a n
12、ational standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A versio
13、n in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denma
14、rk, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Foreword The text of document 15E/218/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60544-4, prepared by SC 15E, Methods of te
15、st, of IEC TC 15, Insulating materials, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60544-4 on 2003-10-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by e
16、ndorsement (dop) 2004-07-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2006-10-01 Annexes designated “normative“ are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, annex ZA is normative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice
17、 The text of the International Standard IEC 60544-4:2003 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60093 NOTE Harmonized as HD 429 S1:1993 (not modified). I
18、EC 60167 NOTE Harmonized as HD 568 S1:1990 (not modified). IEC 60243 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60243 series (not modified). ISO 178 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 178:2003 (not modified). ISO 179 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 179 series (not modified). ISO 527 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 527 series (not modified).
19、 ISO 868 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 868:2003 (not modified). _ Page2 EN605444:200360544-4 IEC:2003 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.4 1 Scope and object5 2 Normative references.5 3 Classification system6 3.1 Definition of radiation index.6 3.2 Dose rate6 3.3 Critical properties7 3.4 Temperatures7 3.5 Addition
20、al considerations7 4 Designation of radiation index and special service qualifiers.8 4.1 Radiation index.8 4.2 Radiation index with qualifications.8 4.3 Examples 9 Bibliography12 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications .1
21、1 Table 1 Critical properties and end-point criteria to be considered in evaluating the classification of insulating materials in radiation environments 9 Table 2 Values for radiation index10 Page3 EN605444:200360544-4 IEC:2003 4 INTRODUCTION Organic insulating materials occupy a role of major signi
22、ficance in electrical technology. They rank with metals and ceramics as the principal category of materials used in the construction of components in this field. Of all materials, organics are amongst those that are most sensitive to the effects of radiation, and the response varies widely for diffe
23、rent materials. Thus, when selecting insulating materials for specific service applications in radiation environments, information on the radiation tolerance of the candidate materials is required. The purpose of this part of IEC 60544 is to define an internationally recommended classification syste
24、m to categorize the radiation endurance of insulating materials for such applications. This standard is the fourth in a series dealing with the effect of ionizing radiation on insulating materials. IEC 60544-1 constitutes an introduction dealing very broadly with the problems involved in evaluating
25、radiation effects. It also provides a guide to dosimetry terminology, several methods of determining exposure and absorbed dose, and methods of calculating absorbed dose in any specific material from the dosimetry method applied. IEC 60544-2 describes procedures for maintaining seven different types
26、 of exposure conditions during the irradiation. It also specifies the controls that are maintained over these conditions so that when test results are reported, reliable comparisons of material performances can be obtained. In addition, it defines certain important irradiation conditions and the tes
27、t procedures to be used for property change determinations and the corresponding end-point criteria. IEC 60544-3 has been incorporated into the second edition of IEC 60544-2. IEC 60544-5 deals with procedures for the assessment of ageing in service. Page4 EN605444:200360544-4 IEC:2003 5 ELECTRICAL I
28、NSULATING MATERIALS DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION Part 4: Classification system for service in radiation environments 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 60544 provides a classification system that serves as a guide for the selection and indexing of insulating materials intended
29、 to serve in the radiation environment of nuclear reactor facilities, reactor fuel-processing facilities, irradiation facilities, particle accelerators, and X-ray apparatus. The classification system provides a set of parameters defining the utility of the three types of polymeric materials (rigid p
30、lastics, flexible plastics, elastomers) for use in devices which are exposed to ionizing radiation. This part of IEC 60544 forms the basis for a quantitative statement of the suitability of such materials for radiation environments and therefore provides a guide for material specifications and for p
31、rocurement agreements between suppliers and users. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
32、any amendments) applies. IEC 60212:1971, Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid electrical insulating materials IEC 60544-1:1994, Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry IEC 60544-2:1
33、991, Guide for determining the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials Part 2: Procedures for irradiation and test IEC 61244-1:1993, Determination of long-term radiation ageing in polymers Part 1: Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation IEC 61244-2:1996, Determination of
34、long-term radiation ageing in polymers Part 2: Procedures for predicting ageing at low dose rates Page5 EN605444:200360544-4 IEC:2003 6 3 Classification system The classification of a particular material for a specific application is established by the results of testing for changes in the appropria
35、te mechanical and/or electrical properties by measuring them before and after irradiation to the indicated absorbed dose under selected conditions described in IEC 60544-2. On the basis of these tests, the material is assigned a “radiation index”. To qualify for a particular radiation index, a mater
36、ial shall satisfy an end- point criterion after being irradiated to the classification dose under specified conditions. The end-point criterion may be expressed as an absolute property value or a percentage of the initial value. Either method may be used to classify materials for radiation resistanc
37、e. Table 1 provides recommendations for properties and percentages of initial values. All measurements shall be made after removal from the radiation exposure unless otherwise stated in the “qualifiers of the radiation index”. Post-irradiation treatment of test specimens shall be conducted as specif
38、ied in 3.5 of IEC 60544-2. 3.1 Definition of radiation index The radiation index shall be determined by the logarithm (log 10rounded off to two significant figures) of the absorbed dose in grays above which the appropriate critical property value has reached the end-point criterion under specified c
39、onditions. For example, a material which satisfies a particular end-point criterion to a dose of 2 10 4Gy has a radiation index of 4,3 (i.e. log 10(2 10 4 ) = 4,301). The values shall be taken from the series given in Table 2. The radiation index shall include the dose rate (see 3.2.1), or the notat
40、ion “vac” (see 3.2.2), and include special qualifiers, when applicable, such as the critical property (see 3.3), temperature (see 3.4), and the medium (see 4.2.3). For further qualification see Clause 4. As recommended in IEC 60544-2, it is preferable to use gamma-rays, X-rays or electrons for the t
41、est irradiation. The type of radiation to which the material was exposed shall be specified. 3.2 Dose rate 3.2.1 Depending on the material and the irradiation conditions, different values of radiation index may be obtained when the test is carried out at different dose rates in atmospheres containin
42、g oxygen. Also, dose rate effects caused by diffusion-limited oxidation (see IEC 61244-1) can depend on sample thickness. Therefore, under long-term exposure conditions (see 3.6 of IEC 60544-2), the radiation index shall be given with qualifiers indicating the dose rate and the sample thickness at w
43、hich the radiation index was obtained. For example: radiation index 4,3 (50 Gy/s, 1 mm). 3.2.2 In the absence of a reactive medium (e.g. in a vacuum or an inert gas), no dose-rate effect needs be considered. In this case the dose rate qualifier may be replaced by the notation (vac). For example: rad
44、iation index 4,3 (vac). Page6 EN605444:200360544-4 IEC:2003 7 3.2.3 In the presence of oxygen, there may be decomposition reactions with radiation- induced reactive states of some polymers. This effect depends on the amount of oxygen which penetrates by diffusion into the material and, consequently,
45、 it depends on the permeability of the polymer to gaseous oxygen, the thickness of the sample, and the rate of oxygen consumption (see IEC 61244-1). In this case a radiation dose-rate effect often occurs. If a dose-rate dependence has not been excluded by prior experiments, it is necessary to test a
46、s closely as possible to the service dose rate. For irradiation in air, the dose rate and sample thickness according to 3.2.1 means that the radiation index is valid for this dose rate or higher and for this thickness. 3.2.4 If the required radiation time is excessive, it is recommended that the dos
47、e-rate effect be estimated by one of the procedures given in IEC 61244-2. 3.3 Critical properties 3.3.1 For normal applications, the most restrictive property is the flexural stress at maximum load for rigid plastics and the percentage elongation at break for flexible plastics and elastomers. Unless
48、 otherwise stated, the radiation index will assume the application of the end-point criteria associated with these properties. This does not necessarily refer to an end- of-life condition. 3.3.2 Should the application warrant it, the user may specify an alternative property taken from Table 1 to det
49、ermine the radiation index. Under these conditions, the actual property tested shall be specified. 3.4 Temperatures 3.4.1 The normal test temperature for determining the radiation index shall be room temperature (23 5) C. 3.4.2 Service at elevated temperatures adds an additional factor to the estimation of the useful lifetime of materials in radiation environments. Each material is affected differently;
