1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60609-1:2005 Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines Cavitation pitting evaluation Part 1: Evaluation in reaction turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines The European Standard EN 60609-1:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.100.10 BS EN 60609-1:2005 T
2、his British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 10 February 2005 BSI 10 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 45403 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 60609-1:2005. It is identical with IEC 60609-1:2004
3、. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/15, Hydraulic turbines, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement intern
4、ational or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purpo
5、rt to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee
6、 any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 21 an
7、d a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60609-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM January 2005 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standar
8、dization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60609-1:2005
9、 E ICS 23.100.10 English version Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines Cavitation pitting evaluation Part 1: Evaluation in reaction turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines (IEC 60609-1:2004) Turbines hydrauliques, pompes daccumulation et pompes-turbines Evaluation de lrosion de cavit
10、ation Partie 1: Evaluation dans les turbines raction, les pompes daccumulation et les pompes-turbines hydrauliques (CEI 60609-1:2004) Wasserturbinen, Speicherpumpen, Pumpenturbinen Bewertung des Kavitationsangriffs Teil 1: Bewertung in Reaktionsturbinen, Speicherpumpen und Pumpenturbinen (IEC 60609-
11、1:2004) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2004-12-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliogr
12、aphical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility o
13、f a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icelan
14、d, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 60609-:10025 - - 2 Foreword The text of document 4/196/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60609-1, prepared by IEC TC 4, Hydraulic turbines
15、, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60609-1 on 2004-12-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2005-09-01 latest dat
16、e by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2007-12-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60609-1:2004 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ Page2 EN606091:2
17、005066-901 IEC:2004 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.4 1 Scope and object6 1.1 Excluded topics and limitations6 1.2 Considerations concerning chemical composition of water.6 1.3 Considerations concerning water containing solids7 1.4 Normative references 7 2 Terms, definitions and symbols.7 2.1 Uni
18、ts .7 2.2 List of terms 8 3 Nature and extent of cavitation-pitting guarantees 12 3.1 Period of guarantee.12 3.2 Definition of the amount of cavitation pitting 12 3.3 Operating ranges and duration of operation.12 4 Procedures.14 4.1 Repair of cavitation pitting during the guarantee period .14 4.2 Me
19、asurement and calculation of the amount of cavitation pitting15 5 Computation of results and fulfilment of the guarantee .16Annex A (normative) Examples of amounts of cavitation pitting.18 Bibilogrpahy22 Fiugre 1 Amount of cavitation pitting as a function of for a given machine at constant dicsharge
20、6 Figure 2 Operating ranges for turbines and pump-turbines during turbine operation. Fiugre 3 Operating ranges for storage pumps and pump-turbines during pump operation 12 Fiugre A.1 Examples of maximum permissible values of cavitation pitting depth for runners/impellers 19 Fiugre A.2 Examples of ma
21、ximum permissible values of cavitation pitting volume for runners/impellers 02 Page3 EN606091:2005 60609-1 IEC:2040 3 TNOCENTS OFREWODR.5 NITRODCUTION.5 1 Scope nad boject7 1.1 Excldedu potia scnd ilmtiations7 1.2 Consideratiosn cnocerning chemical comopsition of waetr.7 1.3 Consideratiosn cnocernin
22、g water containign soilds8 1.4 oNrmative referencse 8 2 Termsed ,finitiosn and symlobs.8 2.1 Unist .8 2.2 List fo etrms 9 3 Nautre nad extetn fo cavitation-pitting gaurantese 31 3.1 Period fo guarantee.31 3.2 eDfinition fo tha emoutn fo cavitation pitting 31 3.3 Operating ranseg and duration fo oper
23、ation.31 4 Procdeures.51 4.1 Rpeari fo cavitation pitting during the guarantee period .51 4.2 Measuremtne nad calculation fo the amuont fo cavitation pitting61 5 oCmputation fo resustl and fulfilment fo the gaurantee .71Annex A (normative) Examples of amounts of cavitation pitting.17 BibilogrpahyFiu
24、gre 1 mAuotn fo cavitaiton pitting sa a fucntion fo fro a givem ncahine ta csnoatnt dicsharge6 Figure 2 Operating rnaseg for turbinse and pump-turbines during turbine operation.11 Fiugre 3 O preatnig ranseg fro strogae pmusp adn mup-ptrubnise druing mupp operation 1 Fiugre .AxE 1malpse fo mxaimmu re
25、pmissiblv ealseu fo cavitaitop nittined gpth fro runners/impellers 9 Fiugre .AxE 2malpse fo mxaimmu repmissiblv ealseu fo cavitaitop nittinv gomule fro runners/impellers 13egaP 5002:190606NE 60609-1 IEC:2040 3 TNOCENTS OFREWODR.5 NITRODCUTION.5 1 Scope nad boject7 1.1 Excldedu potia scnd ilmtiations
26、7 1.2 Consideratiosn cnocerning chemical comopsition of waetr. 1.3 Consideratiosn cnocerning water containign soilds8 1.4 oNrmative referencse 8 2 Termsed ,finitiosn and symlobs.8 2.1 Unist .8 2.2 List fo etrms 9 3 Nautre nad extetn fo cavitation-pitting gaurantese 31 3.1 Period fo guarantee.31 3.2
27、eDfinition fo tha emoutn fo cavitation pitting 31 3.3 Operating ranseg and duration fo operation.31 4 Procdeures.51 4.1 Rpeari fo cavitation pitting during the guarantee period .51 4.2 Measuremtne nad calculation fo the amuont fo cavitation pitting61 5 oCmputation fo resustl and fulfilment fo the ga
28、urantee .71Annex A (onrmative) Examselp fo amoustn fo cavitation pitting.281 Bibilogrpahy22 Fiugre 1 mAuotn fo cavitaiton pitting sa a fucntion fo fro a givem ncahine ta csnoatnt dicsharge6 Figure 2 Operating rnaseg for turbinse and pump-turbines during turbine operation.11 Fiugre 3 O preatnig ranse
29、g fro strogae pmusp adn mup-ptrubnise druing mupp operation 21 Fiugre .AxE 1malpse fo mxaimmu repmissiblv ealseu fo cavitaitop nittined gpth fro runners/impellers 91 Fiugre .AxE 2malpse fo mxaimmu repmissiblv ealseu fo cavitaitop nittinv gomule fro runners/impellers 02 3egaP 5002:190606NE 066-901 IE
30、C:2004 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope and object7 1.1 Excluded topics and limitations7 1.2 Considerations concerning chemical composition of water.7 1.3 Considerations concerning water containing solids8 1.4 Normative references 8 2 Terms, definitions and symbols.8 2.1 Units .8 2.2 Lis
31、t of terms 9 3 Nature and extent of cavitation-pitting guarantees 13 3.1 Period of guarantee.13 3.2 Definition of the amount of cavitation pitting 13 3.3 Operating ranges and duration of operation.13 4 Procedures.15 4.1 Repair of cavitation pitting during the guarantee period .15 4.2 Measurement and
32、 calculation of the amount of cavitation pitting16 5 Computation of results and fulfilment of the guarantee .17Annex A (onrmative) Examselp fo amoustn fo cavitation pitting.81 Bibliography21Figure 1 Amount of cavitation pitting as a function of for a given machine at constant discharge5 Figure 2 Ope
33、rating ranges for turbines and pump-turbines during turbine operation.10 Figure 3 Operating ranges for storage pumps and pump-turbines during pump operation 11 Figure A.1 Examples of maximum permissible values of cavitation pitting depth for runners/impellers 18 Figure A.2 Examples of maximum permis
34、sible values of cavitation pitting volume for runners/impellers 19Page3 EN606091:2005 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications . 12 nnAex ZA (nroma)evit roNmevita refercnese ot tniertannoial bupcilatoisn wit htrieh corresd
35、nopiuE gnroepap nublicatsnoi . 20066-901 IEC:2004 9 INTRODUCTION This part of IEC 60609 covers the subject of cavitation-pitting evaluation for reaction type hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines, while IEC 60609-2 covers the subject of cavitation-pitting evaluation for impulse (Pelton
36、) type turbines. Guarantees applied to cavitation pitting in hydraulic reaction turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines are quite different from other performance guarantees stated in the contract documents representing inherent characteristics of the machine, such as efficiency. The extent of cav
37、itation pitting depends essentially on five factors: a) type and design of the machine; b) material and surface condition of the parts subjected to cavitation; c) setting of the machine, i.e. the cavitation factor sigma () value at the plant; d) duration of operation and type of operating conditions
38、; and e) water quality. Items a) and b) describe the machine while items c), d) and e) depend on plant operating conditions. Therefore, the guarantee for cavitation pitting can be established only by mutual agreement between the employer and the contractor during the planning of the plant or during
39、the contract negotiations. Under certain severe conditions such as plant upgrades with runner/impeller replacements or wide operating ranges, it may be to the advantage of the employer to request that tenderers submit a guarantee to cover cavitation pitting in their proposals. A cavitation-pitting g
40、uarantee may be negotiated in two ways: either the setting of the machine (and therefore the value of the plant) is given in the contract documents, and the amount of the cavitation pitting is agreed upon with due regard to the turbine or pump size, rotational speed, materials, surface conditions, o
41、peration, etc. (see Figure 1a); or the maximum amount of the cavitation pitting is given and the setting of the machine is agreed upon (see Figure 1b). In most cases, a machine can be operated normally without cavitation pitting or may be required to operate without cavitation pitting. In some cases
42、, it may be more economical to accept a slight amount of cavitation pitting, which means using a higher setting than would be required for operation of the machine without cavitation pitting. Of course, in the case of underground power stations, the cost of additional submergence is usually relative
43、ly low. It is not feasible to make general recommendations for an acceptable amount of cavitation pitting primarily because items a) through e) make each plant unique. Economic evaluations, therefore, are recommended for each case as conditions warrant. For example, a deeper setting of the machine (
44、higher value for the plant requiring higher cost for civil work) and/or a more expensive runner/impeller (shape and/or material) can reduce the amount of cavitation pitting. The benefits of these higher purchase costs are a reduction in the operating cost and/or frequency of repair, as well as a red
45、uction in lost energy production during the shut-down of the unit. Examples of amounts of cavitation pitting expressed as depth and volume (see 2.2.26 and 2.2.27) as a function of runner/impeller diameter D are given in Annex A. 5egaP 5002:190606NEPage4 EN606091:200560609-1 IEC:2004 11 Amount of cav
46、itation pitting plant given by contract document Agreed upon cavitation pitting IEC 1482/04 Figure 1a Amount of cavitation pitting Permissible amount established by contract document Agreed upon plant IEC 1483/04 Figure 1b Figure 1 Amount of cavitation pitting as a function of for a given machine at
47、 constant discharge 6egaP 5002:190606NEPage5 EN606091:2005066-901 EI:C0024 31 HYDRAULIC TURBINES, STORAGE PUMPS AND PUMP-TURBINES CAVITATION PITTING EVALUATION Part 1: Evaluation in reaction turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 60609 serves as a basis for the
48、 formulation of guarantees applied to cavitation pitting for reaction hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. It addresses the measurement and evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain specified machine components for given conditions, which are defined in the contract b
49、y output, specific hydraulic energy (E), speed, material, operation, etc. The cavitation-pitting evaluation is based on the loss of material during a given time and under accurately defined operating conditions. All wetted surfaces are considered. The contract documents shall state whether cavitation pitting on the hydraulic machin
