1、BSI Standards PublicationClassification of environmental conditionsPart 2-9: Environmental conditions appearing in nature Measured shock and vibration data Storage, transportation and in-useBS EN 60721-2-9:2014National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60721-2-9:2014. It i
2、sidentical to IEC 60721-2-9:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/104, Environmental conditions, classification and testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purpor
3、t to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 67176 0ICS 19.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Thi
4、s British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60721-2-9:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60721-2-9 May 2014 ICS 19.040 En
5、glish Version Classification of environmental conditions - Part 2-9: Environmental conditions appearing in nature - Measured shock and vibration data - Storage, transportation and in-use (IEC 60721-2-9:2014) Classification des conditions denvironnement - Partie 2-9: Conditions denvironnement prsente
6、s dans la nature - Donnes de chocs et de vibrations mesures - Stockage, transport et utilisation (CEI 60721-2-9:2014) Klassifizierung von Umgebungsbedingungen - Teil 2-9: Natrliche Einflsse - Beschreibung von Umgebungsbedingungen aus gemessenen Sto- und Schwingungsdaten - Lagerung, Transport und Im-
7、Betrieb (IEC 60721-2-9:2014) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-04-10. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-da
8、te lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by transla
9、tion under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Den
10、mark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European
11、Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for
12、 CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 60721-2-9:2014 E BS EN 60721-2-9:2014EN 60721-2-9:2014 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 104/630/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 60721-2-9, prepared by IEC TC 104 “Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vo
13、te and approved by CENELEC as EN 60721-2-9:2014. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-01-10 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with t
14、he document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-04-10 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the I
15、nternational Standard IEC 60721-2-9:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60068-2 (Series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2 (Series). IEC 60721-3 (Ser
16、ies) NOTE Harmonized as EN 60721-3 (Series). IEC 60068-2-6:2007 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6:2008. IEC 60721-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60721-1. BS EN 60721-2-9:2014 2 IEC 60721-2-9:2014 IEC 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope and object . 6 2 Normative references 6 3 General . 6 3.1 Introductory
17、 remarks 6 3.2 Storage 7 3.3 Transportation . 7 3.3.1 Road 7 3.3.2 Rail . 7 3.3.3 Air 8 3.3.4 Sea . 8 3.4 In-use 8 4 Shock and vibration data . 9 5 Description of the methods 9 5.1 General 9 5.2 ASD envelope method . 9 5.3 Normal tolerance limit method 10 5.4 Product axis . 11 5.4.1 Known axis . 11
18、5.4.2 Unknown axis . 12 5.5 Factoring for variables and unknowns 12 Annex A (informative) Worked example . 13 A.1 Envelope curve 13 A.2 NTL curve calculation 13 A.3 Processing of the envelope curve and NTL curve . 13 Annex B (informative) Method to smooth and envelop an environmental description spe
19、ctrum . 15 B.1 Original data 15 B.2 Octave averaging . 15 B.3 Averaging method 15 B.4 Standard slope curves . 16 B.5 Comparison of envelope and NTL curves . 17 Bibliography 19 Figure A.1 Comparison of curves 1 to 5 and the envelope curve 7 and 95/50 NTL curve 6 . 14 Figure B.1 95/50 NTL envelope of
20、data 15 Figure B.2 95/50 NTL envelope of data 16 Figure B.3 1/3 octave averaged with standard slopes 17 Figure B.4 Comparison of curves with increasing normal tolerance factors C . 18 Table 1 Normal tolerance factors, C . 11 Table A.1 Example of five hypothetical curves for random vibration . 13 Tab
21、le A.2 Calculation for the five hypothetical curves 14 BS EN 60721-2-9:2014IEC 60721-2-9:2014 IEC 2014 5 INTRODUCTION This part of IEC 60721 is intended as part of the strategy for defining an environmental description from measured data acquired at multiple locations whilst a product is either in s
22、torage, being transported or in-use at weather or non-weather protected locations. This measured data is normally in the form of acceleration versus time records. This, in turn, will then allow appropriate severities to be chosen from the IEC 60068-2 series 11of shock and vibration test methods. Env
23、ironmental levels given in IEC 60721-3 2 should then be applied, having been updated based upon the strategy described in this standard. More detailed information may be obtained from specialist documentation, some of which is given in the bibliography. _ 1Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bib
24、liography. BS EN 60721-2-9:2014 6 IEC 60721-2-9:2014 IEC 2014 CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Part 2-9: Environmental conditions appearing in nature Measured shock and vibration data Storage, transportation and in-use 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 60721 is intended to be used to def
25、ine the strategy for arriving at an environmental description from measured data when related to a products life cycle. Its object is to define fundamental properties and quantities for characterization of storage, transportation and in-use shock and vibration data as background material for the sev
26、erities to which products are liable to be exposed during those phases of their lifecycle. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
27、 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. None. 3 General 3.1 Introductory remarks Shock and vibrations measured in storage, transportation platforms and in-use locations can vary considerably from a basic sinusoidal character to pure
28、random, which itself may or may not be normally distributed. If it is the latter, it can be reasonably assumed that the process is a sum of normally distributed random waves of differing amplitudes mixed in a complex manner. Rarely can a real world environment be classified purely as a sinusoidal vi
29、bration and is normally associated with a discrete excitation mechanism such as rotating machinery, aero engines, propellers and is normally mixed with an associated random vibration process. It is then necessary for the specification writer to decide whether to conduct a random vibration test only
30、or to perform one of the mixed mode tests. Associated with the vibration environment for each life-cycle stage is, potentially, a shock environment which may produce much higher acceleration levels in certain circumstances. Generally speaking, the frequency content for these shocks is contained with
31、in the 0 Hz to 200 Hz bandwidth for, say, transportation, assuming that the packaged product is firmly secured to the transport platform base and is not therefore bouncing around. However, much higher frequencies, maybe in the kHz range, may be present in the in-use stage, again dependent upon the r
32、eal world scenario. The process described below is for a random vibration environment, since it is probably the most common form of test conducted. Any statement made therefore about the random process should be interpreted as applying to the alternative process. However, it can equally be applied t
33、o the shock environment by calculating the shock response spectrum and conducting the same process on this spectrum as for an acceleration spectral density (ASD) BS EN 60721-2-9:2014IEC 60721-2-9:2014 IEC 2014 7 spectrum. It is also equally applicable to sinusoidal data in the form of acceleration v
34、ersus frequency. However, special attention may be required for this data dependent upon the initial process involved, that is, the acceleration involved, the r.m.s. value or the discrete value at the frequency in question. Other factors to be considered in this process include: a) factoring for the
35、 random spectra, which may depend upon the eventual purpose of the test programme, for example, robustness, qualification etc.; b) statistical properties of the environment; c) statistical properties of the product; d) time life cycle profile. This clause looks at some of the general characteristics
36、 that can be expected from the storage, transportation and use of a product. 3.2 Storage During storage, the product is placed at a certain site for long periods, but not intended for use during these periods. The storage location may be weather-protected, either totally or partially, or non-weather
37、-protected. In any case, in the storage environment the product will undergo handling, thus it may be subjected to severe shock and vibration levels depending on the type of handling devices and storage racks. As a consequence, the product may be subjected to very benign, insignificant shock and vib
38、ration levels through to significant levels, such as those transmitted from machines or passing vehicles, and maybe even higher levels of shock and vibration such as that seen when stored close to heavy machines and conveyor belts. 3.3 Transportation 3.3.1 Road A shock and vibration environment is e
39、xperienced any time a product is transported by road. The main factors affecting the magnitude and frequency of such an environment are the design of the carrying vehicle, the velocity of the vehicle, the road profile, the position of the product in the vehicle, the reference axis for the vibration
40、measurements with respect to the vehicle axis, generally a vertical axis is the worst, the product itself may influence the vehicle response, the payload on the vehicle. Historically, the road transport environment was simulated in the laboratory using sinusoidal vibration. Today, it is more usual t
41、o use random vibration and the strategy defined in this standard applies to that technique. It is also normal practice to include both road transport and handling shocks in a test regime as the content can be very different. The relevant specification will need to specify if this is a requirement. 3
42、.3.2 Rail Rail environments depend upon the suspension design which, in modern trains, is air based. Nevertheless, not all trains are modern, especially when dealing with freight transportation, thus high level and wide frequency range environments extending to high values can be anticipated. The ai
43、r-based suspension system provides a very smooth, therefore generally low level, low frequency environment. Shunting shocks may produce significantly higher BS EN 60721-2-9:2014 8 IEC 60721-2-9:2014 IEC 2014 acceleration levels, depending on buffer design. The main factors affecting the magnitude an
44、d frequency content of this environment are the type of wagon suspension system, the rail profile, the position of the product on the wagon, the buffer type and impact speed in shunting. 3.3.3 Air 3.3.3.1 General Air transport can take the form of either a jet or propeller driven aircraft, including
45、 rotary wing aircraft. The chosen platform can change dramatically the environment experienced by a transported product. 3.3.3.2 Jet For jet engine aircraft, the environment is random in nature and the magnitude and frequency content of the shock and vibration will vary depending upon position withi
46、n the cargo space, but can extend up to 2 000 Hz. 3.3.3.3 Propeller In the case of propeller driven aircraft, the environment can be principally a sine wave at engine rotor and blade pass frequencies and harmonics on top of a general random background. These frequencies vary depending upon the aircr
47、aft, but are normally most dominant in the frequency range up to 200 Hz. In this case, sine-on-random simulations may be appropriate. Generally, the nature of the environment becomes less sinusoidal as the distance from the rotary excitation source increases. In this case, random-on-random simulatio
48、n may be more appropriate or, more simply, a random profile with discrete frequency intervals at higher amplitude to simulate the increased levels. The inline propeller environment can become quite large and it is a location to be avoided if a product is sensitive to these frequencies. 3.3.4 Sea Sea
49、 transport can be a combination of sinusoidal components such as engine and propeller, and random components, e.g. sea state excitation, the location of the cargo space in the ship and cargo position within the space. The main factors affecting the magnitude and frequency content of this environment are the size of the ship, the velocity of the ship, position of the cargo in the ship, the severity of the port cargo handling. 3.4 In-use This phase of the life
