1、BRITISH STANDARD BSEN 60835-2-2:1995 BS7573-2.2: 1995 IEC835-2-2: 1994 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part2: Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems Section2.2 Antenna The European Standard EN60835-2-2:1994 has the status of a Britis
2、hStandard UDC 621.396.6:620.1:621.317.08BSEN60835-2-2:1995 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15August1995 BSI01-2000 The following BSI references relate t
3、o the work on this standard: Committee referenceEPL/12 Draft for comment90/30574DC ISBN 0 580 24395 8 Committees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/12 Radio communication, upon which the following bodies were represen
4、ted: British Broadcasting Corporation British Radio and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers Association British Telecommunications plc ERA Technology Ltd. Institution of Electrical Engineers Radio, Electrical and Television Retailers Association Radiocommunications Agency Amendments issued since publ
5、ication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN60835-2-2:1995 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN60835-2-2 3 List of references Inside back coverBSEN60835-2-2:1995 ii BSI 01-2000 National foreword This BritishStandard has been prepared
6、by Technical CommitteeEPL/12 and is the English language version of EN60835-2-2:1994 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part2:Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems Section2: Antenna, published by the European Committee for Electrotechn
7、ical Standardization (CENELEC). It is identical with IEC835-2-2:1994 published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). BS EN60835 is published in three Parts. The other Parts are: Part1: Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations; Part3: Measu
8、rements on satellite earth stations. The methods described in this Section are suitable for both line-of-sight and tropospheric scatter radio-relay systems using linear polarization. Methods of measurement for passive systems or periscope antennas, and systems where the antenna cannot be measured se
9、parately, are not considered. Some of the many Sections of the three Parts have appeared under the number BS7573, of the same generic title. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applica
10、tion. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding BritishStandard IEC50 BS4727 Glossary of electrotechnical, power, telecommunication, electronics, lighting and colour terms EN60835-1-2:1993 (IEC
11、835-1-2:1992) BS EN60835 Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part1 Measurements common to terrestrial radio-relay systems and satellite earth stations Section1.2:1995 Basic characteristics Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, a
12、n inside front cover, pagesi andii, theEN title page, pages2 to16, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EURO
13、PENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60835-2-2 June1994 UDC 621.396.6:620.1:621.317.08 Descriptors: Radiocommunications, Telecommunications, communication equipment, earth stations, radio-relay systems, microwave frequencies, digital technics, antenna, conductors, measurements, electrical properties, tests Engl
14、ish version Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave radio transmission systems Part2:Measurements on terrestrial radio-relay systems Section2: Antenna (IEC835-2-2:1994) Mthodes de mesure applicables au matriel utilis pour les systmes de transmission numrique en hyperfrquence P
15、artie2: Mesures applicables aux faisceaux hertziens terrestres Section2: Antenne (CEI835-2-2:1994) Meverfahren fr Gerte in digitalen Mikrowellen-Funkbertragungssystemen Teil2: Messungen an terrestrischen Richtfunksystemen Hauptabschnitt2: Antenne (IEC835-2-2:1994) This European Standard was approved
16、 by CENELEC on1994-03-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
17、standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
18、 notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
19、nd and UnitedKingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1994 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref.No.EN60835-2-
20、2:1994EEN60835-2-2:1994 BSI 01-2000 2 Foreword The text of document12E(CO)158, as prepared by Subcommittee12E, Radio relay and fixed-satellite communications systems, of IEC Technical Committee12, Radiocommunications, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote in July1993. The reference document
21、 was approved by CENELEC as EN60835-2-2 on8March1994. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, Annex ZA is normative. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Methods of
22、measurement 5 4.1 Test-range considerations 5 4.2 Antenna gain 6 4.3 Radiation patterns 9 4.4 Cross-polarization discrimination 10 4.5 Return loss 11 4.6 Multi-port antenna isolation 12 5 Bibliography 12 Annex ZA (normative) Other international publications quoted in this standard with the reference
23、s of the relevant European publications 16 Figure 1 Measurement of antenna gain by comparison with a gain-reference antenna 12 Figure 2 Measurement of antenna gain bythedirect method 13 Figure 3 Examples of presentation of resultsofantenna-gain measurement 14 Figure 4 Example of arrangement for them
24、easurement of radiation pattern 15 Figure 5 Example of radiation patterns andtheirenvelope 15 latest date of publication ofan identical national standard (dop)1995-05-01 latest date of withdrawal ofconflicting national standards (dow)1995-05-01EN60835-2-2:1994 BSI 01-2000 3 Introduction Antennas are
25、 key elements of radio-relay systems. A satisfactory fade margin for such systems is usually obtained by using high directivity, i.e.high-gain, antennas at both the transmitter and receiver terminals of a radio link. An antenna with a high directivity usually also has a narrow beam width main lobe w
26、hich can provide a useful measure of protection against reflected rays. These reflected rays can lead to multipath fading. Rapid sidelobe suppression away from the main lobe is often a requirement at radio-relay system nodes to provide sufficient de-coupling between radio links which employ frequenc
27、y use and small angular separation between the line-of-sight paths. Moreover, and especially for digital radio-relay systems, a high cross-polarization discrimination is necessary to provide sufficient decoupling between adjacent orthogonally polarized channels where the signal spectra overlap consi
28、derably, and between two orthogonally polarized co-frequency channels, i.e.using the same nominal carrier frequency. If the antenna under test is installed with a radome in normal operation on a radio link, all measurements should be performed with the radome fitted. 1 Scope This section of IEC835-2
29、 gives methods of measurement of the electrical characteristics of antennas used in terrestrial radio-relay systems at frequencies above1GHz. The methods described are suitable for both line-of-sight and tropospheric scatter radio-relay systems using linear polarization. This section does not consid
30、er methods of measurement for passive repeaters or periscope antennas nor does it address systems where the antenna cannot be measured separately. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this section
31、of IEC835-2. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this section of IEC835-2 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indic
32、ated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC50, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). IEC835-1-2:1992, Methods of measurement for equipment used in digital microwave transmission systems Part1: Measurements common to terrestrial rad
33、io-relay systems and satellite earth stations Section2: Basic characteristics. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this section of IEC835-2, the following definitions apply. Where a term is not defined in this section, the definition is assumed to be identical with the definition given in the Internat
34、ional Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). In case of conflict, the definition given here takes precedence. NOTECharacteristics for which methods of measurement are given are defined in the corresponding measurement subclause. 3.1 antenna an antenna is defined as a device for coupling a transmission l
35、ine to free-space for the purpose of transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves. It includes all the elements affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna, e.g.primary feed(s), including polarization and/or frequency filters, reflectors, etc. It does not include the associated transmi
36、ssion lines and other electrical components on the transmitter/receiver side of the antenna terminals defined for measurement purposes. The antenna terminals must be specified. The antenna may also include a radomeEN60835-2-2:1994 4 BSI 01-2000 3.2 antenna assembly the antenna assembly, as used here
37、, includes the antenna and the provisions for attaching it to the supporting structure. It may also include provisions for pointing the antenna, when specified 3.3 antenna system the antenna system includes the antenna assembly, the transmission lines and, if not already contained in the antenna, th
38、e components necessary for radiating the electromagnetic energy in the desired direction 3.4 radome a protective cover of dielectric material for an antenna and/or its feed. A radome may also be used to reduce the effects of wind loading 3.5 bore-sight direction bore-sight direction is the direction
39、 intended to produce maximum antenna gain and hence maximum power transfer 3.6 antenna polarization the polarization of the electric field vector in the far-field region of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna in the bore-sight direction radio links exclusively use linear polarization, a
40、nd most commonly vertical or horizontal linear polarization 3.7 polarization tilt angle the polarization tilt angle for a linearly polarized wave is defined as the angle between the electric field vector and the nominal polarization vector, in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation 3.
41、8 nominal polarization the nominal polarization of an antenna is the intended polarization of the antenna. Two antennas are said to be nominally co-polarized if their nominal polarizations are identical 3.9 cross-polarization cross-polarization is defined as that polarization which is orthogonal to
42、the nominal polarization, as defined in3.8. Two antennas are said to be nominally cross-polarized if their nominal polarizations are orthogonal 3.10 single-polarization antenna a single-polarization antenna is an antenna that radiates and/or receives only one plane of polarization. A single-polarize
43、d antenna normally has only one port for connection to the associated transmission line 3.11 dual-polarized antenna a dual-polarized antenna is an antenna that radiates and/or receives two planes of polarization. The two planes are intended to be mutually orthogonal. A dual-polarized antenna normall
44、y has two ports. The two ports may be at the antenna, or at the transmitter/receiver end of the antenna transmission line if the line is capable of supporting two orthogonal transmission modes 3.12 multi-band antenna an antenna which radiates and/or receives simultaneously in two or more frequency b
45、ands. Such an antenna may also be a dual-polarized antenna and operate simultaneously with orthogonal polarizations in two or more frequency bandsEN60835-2-2:1994 BSI 01-2000 5 3.13 effective area of an antenna (in a given direction)(A e ) the effective area of an antenna in a given direction is the
46、 ratio between the power delivered to a matched load at the antenna terminals (P r ) and the power per unit area (S) in a polarization-matched plane wave incident on the antenna,i.e. 3.14 antenna efficiency the antenna efficiency is the ratio of the maximum effective area to the projected area of th
47、e antenna in a plane perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation. The maximum effective area is related to the maximum gain as defined in4.2.1 3.15 gain-reference antenna a gain-reference antenna is an antenna of closely reproducible specified construction having a gain which can be determin
48、ed by calculation and, if required, confirmed by measurement as being sufficiently consistent for use as a transfer standard for antenna-gain measurement 4 Methods of measurement 4.1 Test range considerations The “ideal” test range for determining far-field antenna performance should provide a plane
49、 wave of uniform amplitude and phase which completely illuminates the aperture of the antenna under test. The standard approach for an “ideal” test range is the so-called “free-space test range”. Such a test-range is often quite long, e.g.several hundreds of metres for test ranges suitable for the measurement of typical radio link antennas. Free-space test ranges are therefore usually constructed outdoors. The minimum recommended test-range length, or far-field distance, is usually2D 2 /2, where D is the largest aperture dimension eithe
