1、BSI Standards PublicationSafety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transportBS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
2、IHS-,-,-National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62281:2013. It is identical to IEC 62281:2012. It supersedes BS EN 62281:2004, which will bewithdrawn on 9 January 2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPL/35, Primary cells.A li
3、st of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Li
4、mited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74693 2ICS 29.220.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text
5、 affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62281 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM March 201
6、3CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical StandardizationComit Europen de Normalisation ElectrotechniqueEuropisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved world
7、wide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 62281:2013 E ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 62281:2004 English version Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport (IEC 62281:2012) Scurit des piles et des accumulateursau lithium pendant le transport (CEI 62281:2012) Sicherheit von
8、 Primr- und Sekundr-Lithiumbatterien beim Transport (IEC 62281:2012) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-01-09. CENELEC members are bound to complywith the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standardthe status of a national sta
9、ndard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained onapplication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version
10、in any otherlanguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notifiedto the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croat
11、ia, Cyprus,the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey a
12、nd the United Kingdom. BS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EN 62281:2013 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 35/1303/FDIS, future
13、 edition 2 of IEC 62281, prepared by IEC TC 35 “Primary cellsand batteries“ and SC 21A, “Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acidelectrolytes“, of IEC TC 21, “Secondary cells and batteries“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallelvote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62281:2
14、013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level bypublication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2013-10-09 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with thedocument have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-01
15、-09 This document supersedes EN 62281:2004. EN 62281:2013 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 62281:2004: a) distinction between small and large cell or battery by gross mass rather than by lithium content or Watt-hour rating (“nominal” energy); b) combination of
16、the no mass loss (NM) and no leakage (NL) criteria into one criteria (NL); c) extension of an acceptable mass loss of 0,2 % from 5 g to 75 g mass of a cell or battery; d) reduction of large batteries to be tested under tests T-1 to T-5 and T-8 from 4 to 2 samples; e) reduction of test samples requir
17、ed for small battery assemblies (5.2.2); f) reduction of the vibration amplitude to 2 g for large batteries in T-3 vibration test method; g) replacement of the impact test by the crush test for prismatic, pouch, button, and coin cells as well ascylindrical cells with no more than 20 mm in diameter.
18、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patentrights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62281:2012 was approved by
19、 CENELEC as a EuropeanStandard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60086-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60086-4. IEC 60068-2-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6. IEC 60068-2-27 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2
20、-27. BS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 3 - EN 62281:2013 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publicatio
21、nswith their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced doc
22、ument (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HDapplies. Year Publication EN/HD Title Year IEC 61960 - Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -
23、Secondary lithium cells and batteries forportable applications EN 61960 - IEC 62133 - Secondary cells and batteries containingalkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, foruse in portable applications EN 62133
24、- IEC 62660-1 - Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsionof electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing EN 62660-1 - BS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p
25、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,- 2 62281 IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Requirements for safety 10 4.1 General considerations . 10 4.2 Quality plan 11 4.3 Packaging 11 5 Type testing, sampling and re-testing 11 5.1 T
26、ype testing . 11 5.2 Battery assemblies . 12 5.2.1 Secondary batteries for use in battery assemblies . 12 5.2.2 Small battery assemblies 12 5.2.3 Large battery assemblies 12 5.3 Sampling . . 12 5.4 Re-testing 13 6 Test methods and requirements 13 6.1 General . . 13 6.1.1 Safety notice 13 6.1.2 Ambie
27、nt temperature . . 14 6.1.3 Parameter measurement tolerances . 14 6.1.4 Pre-discharge and pre-cycling . 14 6.2 Evaluation of test criteria . 14 6.2.1 Shifting . . 14 6.2.2 Distortion . 14 6.2.3 Short-circuit . . 14 6.2.4 Excessive temperature rise . . 14 6.2.5 Leakage 14 6.2.6 Venting . . 15 6.2.7 F
28、ire. 15 6.2.8 Rupture . 15 6.2.9 Explosion. 15 6.3 Tests and requirements Overview . 15 6.4 Transport tests 16 6.4.1 Test T-1: Altitude . 16 6.4.2 Test T-2: Thermal cycling . 16 6.4.3 Test T-3: Vibration . 17 6.4.4 Test T-4: Shock . 17 6.4.5 Test T-5: External short-circuit. 18 6.4.6 Test T-6: Impac
29、t/crush . . 18 6.5 Misuse tests . 20 6.5.1 Test T-7: Overcharge. . 20 6.5.2 Test T-8: Forced discharge . . 20 6.6 Packaging test . 20 Test P-1: Drop test . 20 BS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo
30、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-62281 IEC:2012(E) 3 6.7 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 21 6.8 Evaluation and report . 21 7 Information for safety . . 22 7.1 Packaging 22 7.2 Handling of battery cartons 22 7.3 Transport . 22 7.3.1 General . 2
31、2 7.3.2 Air transport . 22 7.3.3 Sea transport 22 7.3.4 Land transport 22 7.3.5 Classification 22 7.4 Display and storage . . 22 8 Instructions for packaging and handling during transport Quarantine 23 9 Marking . 23 9.1 Marking of primary and secondary (rechargeable) cells and batteries 23 9.2 Mark
32、ing of the packaging and shipping documents . 23 Bibliography . 25 Figure 1 Example of a test set-up for the impact test. 19 Figure 2 Example for the marking of packages with primary or secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells or batteries . 24 Table 1 Number of primary test cells and batteries for ty
33、pe testing 12 Table 2 Number of secondary test cells and batteries for type testing . 13 Table 3 Number of packages with primary or secondary test cells and batteries. . 13 Table 4 Mass loss limits . 15 Table 5 Transport and packaging tests and requirements . 16 Table 6 Vibration profile (sinusoidal
34、) 17 Table 7 Shock parameters . 18 BS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- 6 62281 IEC:2012(E) INTRODUCTION Primary lithium cells an
35、d batteries were first introduced in military applications in the 1970s. At that time, little commercial interest and no industrial standards existed. Consequently, the United Nations (UN) Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, although usually referring to industrial standards fo
36、r testing and criteria, introduced a sub-section in the Manual of tests and criteria concerning safety tests relevant to transport of primary lithium cells and batteries. Meanwhile, commercial interest in primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries has grown and several industri
37、al standards exist. However, the existing IEC standards are manifold, not completely harmonized, and not necessarily relevant to transport. They are not suitable to be used as a source of reference in the UN Model Regulations. Therefore this group safety standard has been prepared to harmonize the t
38、ests and requirements relevant to transport. This International Standard applies to primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries containing lithium in any chemical form: lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium-ion. Lithium-metal and lithium alloy primary electrochemical systems u
39、se metallic lithium and lithium alloy, respectively, as the negative electrode. Lithium-ion secondary electrochemical systems use intercalation compounds (intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic form within the lattice of the electrode material) in the positive and in the negative el
40、ectrodes. This International Standard also applies to lithium polymer cells and batteries, which are considered either as primary lithium-metal cells and batteries or as secondary lithium-ion cells and batteries, depending on the nature of the material used in the negative electrode. The history of
41、transporting primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries is worth noting. Since the 1970s, over ten billion primary lithium cells and batteries have been transported, and since the early 1990s, over one billion secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries utilizing a lithium-ion system
42、 have been transported. As the number of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries to be transported is increasing, it is appropriate to also include in this standard the safety testing of packaging used for the transportation of these products. This International Standard specifically addre
43、sses the safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport and also the safety of the packaging used. The UN Manual of Tests and Criteria 11distinguishes between lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries on the one hand, and lithium ion and lithium polymer cells
44、and batteries on the other hand. While it defines that lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries can be either primary (non-rechargeable) or rechargeable, it always considers lithium ion cells and batteries as rechargeable. However, test methods in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria are t
45、he same for both secondary lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries and lithium ion and lithium polymer cells and batteries. The concept is only needed to distinguish between small and large battery assemblies. Battery assemblies assembled from (primary or secondary) lithium metal and lit
46、hium alloy batteries are distinguished by the aggregate lithium content of all anodes (measured in grams), while battery assemblies assembled from lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries are distinguished by their “nominal” energy (measured in Watt-hours). _ 1Numbers in square brackets refer to the
47、 Bibliography BS EN 62281:2013Copyright European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENELECNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-62281 IEC:2012(E) 7 SAFETY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES
48、 DURING TRANSPORT 1 Scope This International Standard specifies test methods and requirements for primary and secondary (rechargeable) lithium cells and batteries to ensure their safety during transport other than for recycling or disposal. Requirements specified in this standard do not apply in those cases where special provisions given in the relevant regulations, listed in 7.3, provide exemptions. NOTE Different standards may apply for lithium-ion traction battery systems used for electrically propelled road vehicles. 2 Normative references The following documents, in
