1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 1183-3:1999 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 3: Gas pyknometer method The European Standard EN ISO 1183-3:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 83.080.01 BS EN ISO 1183-3:1999 This British St
2、andard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 1999 BSI 26 September 2003 ISBN 0 580 35246 3 National foreword This British Standard is the English
3、 language version of EN ISO 1183-3:1999. It is identical with ISO 1183-3:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request t
4、o its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electr
5、onic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to un
6、derstand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document compr
7、ises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.
8、 Date Comments 14473 Corrigendum No. 1 26 September 2003 Deletion of supersession detailsEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 1183-3 September 1999 ICS 83.080.01 English version Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 3: Gas pyknometer method (I
9、SO 1183-3:1999) Plastiques Mthodes pour dterminer la masse volumique des plastiques non alvolaires Partie 3: Mthode du pycnomtre gaz (ISO 1183-3:1999) Kunststoffe Bestimmung der Dichte von nicht verschumten Kunststoffen Teil 3: Gas Pyknometer Verfahren (ISO 1183-3:1999) This European Standard was ap
10、proved by CEN on 22 August 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nation
11、al standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and noti
12、fied to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a
13、nd United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No.
14、EN ISO 1183-3:1999 EEN ISO 1183-3:1999 BSI 26 September 2003 Foreword The text of the International Standard ISO 14126:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This Eur
15、opean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2000, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nation
16、al standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. End
17、orsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO 1183-3:1999 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).EN ISO 1183-3:1999 ii Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1S c o p
18、 e 1 2 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 1 3 Principle 2 4 Apparatus and materials 2 5 Test specimens 3 6C a l i b r a t i o n 3 7 Procedure and calculation 4 8 Precision 4 9 Test report 4 Annex A (informative) Two-chamber pressure-measuring pyknometer 5 Figure A.1 Two-chamber
19、 pressure-type gas pyknometer 7EN ISO 1183-3:1999 BSI 26 September 2003 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
20、technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates clo
21、sely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
22、 to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 1183-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-chemical properties. Together with
23、 the other parts (see below), it cancels and replaces ISO 1183:1987, which has been technically revised. ISO 1183 consists of the following parts under the general title, Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics: Part 1: Immersion method, pyknometer method and titration
24、method; Part 2: Density gradient column method; Part 3: Gas pyknometer method. Annex A of this part of ISO 1183 is for information only.iv blankEN ISO 1183-3:1999 BSI 26 September 2003 1 Introduction This part of ISO 1183 is one of a series dealing with methods of measuring the density of solid non-
25、cellular plastics. The values obtained using this part of ISO 1183 are expected to be comparable to those obtained using the other parts. Density measurements may be used to investigate variations in the physical structure or the molecular order of materials. Such measurements are widely used to det
26、ermine the degree of crystallinity of polymers. In addition, they may be used to determine the amount of filler present. The density of a plastic material may depend on any conditioning or thermal treatment which the material has undergone. The physical structure of a polymer can change with time an
27、d temperature. Its volume is also a temperature-dependent property. This means that the density may vary with time and/or temperature. WARNING The use of this part of ISO 1183 may involve hazardous materials, operations or equipment. This part of ISO 1183 does not purport to address all of the safet
28、y problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 1183 to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use. 1 Scope This part of ISO 1183 specifies a method for the dete
29、rmination of the density or the specific volume of solid non-cellular plastics of any shape which do not contain closed pores. 2 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this part of ISO 1183, the following terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms
30、apply: 2.1 test material material to be tested 2.2 test specimen that part of the test material actually subjected to the test 2.3 mass m quantity of matter contained in a body NOTE Mass is expressed in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). 2.4 weight W force produced by gravity acting on a mass NOTE 1 Since
31、 gravity varies with location, so does weight. NOTE 2 Weight is expressed in newtons (N). 2.5 apparent mass m app mass of a body obtained by measuring its weight using an appropriately calibrated balance NOTE Apparent mass is expressed in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).EN ISO 1183-3:1999 2 BSI 26 Septe
32、mber 2003 2.6 volume V size of a body in three-dimensional space, excluding pores NOTE 1 Due to thermal expansion, volume varies with temperature T. NOTE 2 Volume is expressed in cubic metres (m 3 ), litres (l), cubic centimetres (cm 3 ) or millilitres (ml). 2.7 density mass per unit volume of a mat
33、erial at a given temperature T NOTE 1 Density is calculated using the equation NOTE 2 It is expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m 3 ), kilograms per cubic decimetre (kg/dm 3 ), grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm 3 ), kilograms per litre (kg/l) or grams per millilitre (g/ml). 2.8 specific volume
34、 v volume per unit mass of a material at a given temperature T NOTE 1 Specific volume is calculated using the equation NOTE 2 It is expressed in cubic metres per kilogram (m 3 /kg), cubic decimetres per kilogram (dm 3 /kg), cubic centimetres per gram (cm 3 /g), litres per kilogram (l/kg) or millilit
35、res per gram (ml/g). NOTE 3 Density is to be distinguished from specific gravity, which is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of a material to that of an equal volume of water at a stated temperature T. 3 Principle 3.1 The volume of a specimen of known apparent mass is determined by measuring
36、 the change of gas volume within a pyknometer upon introducing the specimen. The volume change may be obtained either directly by means of a movable piston or indirectly by measuring the change of the pressure within the pyknometer and calculating the volume using the pressure-volume relationship fo
37、r ideal gases. The volume obtained by this procedure is related to the solid alone without its pores. Density is calculated using eq. (1) given above. 3.2 The smaller the molecules of the gas the narrower the pores will be that can be penetrated. 3.3 Preferably gases of low affinity of adsorption on
38、to the test material should be used. 3.4 Particularly for pressure-measuring pyknometers the accuracy of the method depends on the applicability of the ideal gas law (Boyle Mariotte law). NOTE For high-accuracy measurements, helium should preferably be used because it behaves most like an ideal gas.
39、 It can penetrate into pores at least as small as 1 4m diameter and has a low tendency to adsorb onto the surface of the test material. 4 Apparatus and materials 4.1 Analytical balance, accurate to 0,1 mg. 4.2 Gas pyknometer, of suitable cell volume, accurate to 0,01 % of the cell volume. NOTE Accur
40、acy is improved if the test specimen fills as much of the cell as possible. An example of a two-chamber pressure-type pyknometer is given in Annex A, together with a procedure for its calibration and operation. (1) (2)EN ISO 1183-3:1999 BSI 26 September 2003 3 4.3 Measurement gas, preferably helium
41、with a purity of 99,99 % or better for highest accuracy, or other non-corrosive and non-adsorbing gas, e.g dry air, at a pressure of up to 300 kPa. 4.4 Thermostatically controlled bath or enclosure, capable of maintaining the desired test temperature T (preferably 23 C) to the nearest 1 C. Alternati
42、vely, a gas pyknometer with a suitable built-in temperature control may be used. 5 Test specimens 5.1 If not excluded by the conditioning procedure, dry test specimens to constant mass before carrying out any volume measurements. Take care to choose suitable drying conditions to prevent changes in d
43、ensity of the test material. 5.2 Test materials consisting of powder, granules, pellets or flakes can be tested as received. Other materials may be cut to any shape convenient for the size of the pyknometer cell used. Take care to avoid changes in density resulting from compressive stresses on the m
44、aterial during cutting. Prepare specimens containing closed pores in a suitable way, e.g. by grinding. 5.3 Specimens whose change in density on conditioning may be greater than the accuracy required of the density determination shall be conditioned before testing in accordance with the relevant mate
45、rial standard. Conditioning at a particular humidity or to a constant degree of crystallinity may be required. 5.4 When changes in density as a function of time or the ambient conditions are the main purpose of the determination, condition the specimens as agreed by the interested parties. 6 Calibra
46、tion Set the pyknometer to the desired temperature T, preferably 23 C. Adjust the volumes of the pyknometer cells to the desired values or measure the volumes of the empty cells. Determine the mass of a calibration specimen of known density to the nearest 0,1 mg or use a calibration specimen of know
47、n volume. Introduce the calibration specimen into the measurement cell. Purge for 3 min with the measurement gas to replace the air and any humidity which may be adsorbed on the surface of the specimen. If necessary, allow additional time for temperature equilibrium to be established. When the prese
48、t temperature has been reached, measure the change in volume or pressure produced by introduction of the specimen in accordance with the principles of operation of the particular type of pyknometer used. Determine the calibration factor k cfrom equation (3a) or (3b). NOTE When using a pressure-type
49、apparatus, the volume of the specimen can be calculated from the pressure change using the pressure-volume relationship for ideal gases (Boyle-Mariotte law). This may be done automatically by some pyknometers. Recalibrate the pyknometer if the cell volume or temperature is changed, a different measurement gas is used or the pressure of the measurement gas is changed significantly. (3a) (3b) where V c is the measured volume of the calibration spec
