1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 1893:2008Refractory products Determination of refractoriness under load Differential method with rising temperatureICS 81.080g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40
2、g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 1893:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 August 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 58031 4National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 1893:
3、2008. It supersedes BS EN 993-8:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/1, Refractory products and materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not pu
4、rport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN
5、 ISO 1893June 2008ICS 81.080 Supersedes EN 993-8:1997 English VersionRefractory products - Determination of refractoriness under load- Differential method with rising temperature (ISO 1893:2007)Produits rfractaires - Dtermination de laffaissement souscharge - Mthode diffrentielle avec lvation de lat
6、emprature (ISO 1893:2007)Feuerfeste Erzeugnisse - Bestimmung desErweichungsverhaltens unter Druck (Druckerweichen) -Differentialverfahren mit steigender Temperatur (ISO1893:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 May 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
7、gulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This
8、European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the n
9、ational standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
10、 United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 1893:20
11、08: EForeword The text of ISO 1893:2007 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33 “Refractories” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 1893:2008 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials” the secretariat of w
12、hich is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008. Attention is drawn to the
13、possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 993-8:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standard
14、s organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portu
15、gal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1893:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1893:2008 without any modification. BS EN ISO 1893:2008iiiContents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definition
16、s. 1 4 Principle. 1 5 Apparatus 2 6 Test piece 7 7 Procedure 8 8 Calculation of results . 8 9 Test report . 10 Annex A (normative) Measuring device below or above the furnace. 11 Bibliography . 12 BS EN ISO 1893:2008blank1Refractory products Determination of refractoriness under load Differential me
17、thod with rising temperature 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for determining the deformation of dense and insulating shaped refractory products, when subjected to a constant load under conditions of progressively rising temperature (or refractoriness under load), by a differen
18、tial method. The test may be carried out up to a maximum temperature of 1 700 C. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the r
19、eferenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3599, Vernier callipers reading to 0,1 and 0,05 mm IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples Part 1: References tables IEC 60584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: Tolerances 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definiti
20、ons apply. 3.1 refractoriness under load measure of the behaviour of a refractory material subjected to the combined effects of load, rising temperature and time 4 Principle A cylindrical test piece is subjected to a specified constant compressive load and heated at a specified rate of temperature i
21、ncrease until a prescribed deformation or subsidence occurs. The deformation of the test piece is recorded as the temperature increases, and the temperatures corresponding to specified proportional degrees of deformation are determined. BS EN ISO 1893:20082 5 Apparatus 5.1 Loading device 5.1.1 Gener
22、al The loading device shall be capable of applying a load centred on the common axis of the loading column, the test piece and the supporting column, and directed vertically along this axis at all stages of the test. The loading device consists of the items given in 5.1.2 to 5.1.4. A constant compre
23、ssive load is applied in a downward direction from above the test piece which is resting directly or indirectly on a fixed base. The deformation of the test piece is measured by a device that passes either through the loading device or through an intermediate base. The text and Figures 1 and 2 show
24、the measuring device passing through the base but, by interchanging the bored column and refractory plate with the unbored column and plate, the measuring device may pass through the loading device, as in Figure 3. Although both arrangements are within the scope of this International Standard, it is
25、 preferable that the measuring device be positioned below the assembly, as shown in Figure 2. The reasons for this are outlined in Annex A. 5.1.2 Fixed column The fixed column shall be at least 45 mm in external diameter and with an axial bore (see 5.1.5). 5.1.3 Moving column The moving column shall
26、 be at least 45 mm in external diameter. NOTE Arrangements can be made for the moving column to be fixed to the furnace, and the combination of furnace and column then forms the moveable loading device. 5.1.4 Two discs The two discs shall be 5 mm to 10 mm thick, at least 50,5 mm in diameter and not
27、less than the actual diameter of the test pieces, and shall be made of an appropriate refractory material compatible with the material under test. EXAMPLES High-fired mullite or alumina for alumino-silicate products or magnesia or spinel for basic products. These discs are placed between the test pi
28、ece and the fixed and moving columns. The disc placed between the test piece and the fixed column (in the arrangement shown in Figure 2) or between the test piece and the moving column (in the arrangement shown in Figure 3) shall have a central bore (see 5.1.5). The ends of the fixed and moving colu
29、mns shall be plane and perpendicular to their axes; the faces of each disc shall be plane and parallel. If a chemical reaction is expected between the discs and the test piece, a platinum or platinum/rhodium foil (0,2 mm thick) shall be placed between them. 5.1.5 Layout The arrangement of the two co
30、lumns, the two discs, the platinum or platinum/rhodium foil if used, and the test piece is shown in Figure 1, which also shows typical diameters of the bores in the fixed column and the disc between them. BS EN ISO 1893:20083Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 moving column (5.1.3), ext. 45 min. 2 upper
31、 disc (5.1.4), ext. 50,5 min. 3 Pt-Rh foil, ext. 50,5*, int. 12 4 test piece (6.1), ext. 50 0,5, int. 12 min., 13 max. 5 Pt-Rh foil, ext. 50,5*, int. 10 6 lower disc (5.1.4), ext. 50,5 min., int. 10 7 fixed column (5.1.2), ext. 45 min., int. 20 min. 8 inner alumina tube (5.3.2), ext. 8*, int. 5* 9 c
32、entral thermocouple (5.4.1) 10 outer alumina tube (5.3.1), ext. 15*, int. 10 NOTE Typical dimensions are marked with an asterisk (*). Figure 1 Example of an arrangement of test piece, columns, discs and tubes BS EN ISO 1893:20084 5.1.6 Load The columns and the discs shall be capable of withstanding
33、the applied load up to the final test temperature without significant deformation. There shall be no reaction between the discs and the loading system. The material from which the discs are made shall have a T1value greater than, or equal to, the temperature at which the test material has a T5value
34、(see 8.5). 5.2 Furnace A furnace (preferably with its axis vertical) shall be used, capable of raising the temperature of the test piece to the final test temperature at the specified rate (see 7.3) in an atmosphere of air. The temperature of the region of the furnace occupied by the test piece, whe
35、n at a stable temperature above 500 C, shall be uniform around the test piece (12,5 mm above and below) to within 20 C; this shall be verified by carrying out tests using the thermocouples located at different points on the curved surface of the test piece. The furnace design should be such that the
36、 whole of the column assembly can be easily reached, either by movement of the supporting column or, if access into the furnace is restricted, by movement of the furnace itself. The assembly should be such that the test piece and loading column stand vertically and coaxial with the support column wh
37、en unrestrained. 5.3 Measuring device The measuring device shall consist of the items specified below. 5.3.1 Outer alumina tube, placed inside the fixed column to abut on the lower side of the lower disc and free to move within the fixed column (see also 5.3.3). 5.3.2 Inner alumina tube, placed insi
38、de the outer alumina tube and passing through the bores in the lower disc and in the test piece to abut on the lower face of the upper disc, and free to move within the outer alumina tube, the lower disc and the test piece (see also 5.3.3). 5.3.3 The alumina tubes shall be capable of withstanding, w
39、ithout significant distortion, the load imposed on them by the measuring instrument at all temperatures up to the final test temperature. The two possible arrangements of the two tubes, the two discs and test pieces are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Where the measuring instrument is mounted above
40、the test piece, as shown in Figure 3, adequate precautions should be taken to protect the instrument from the effects of heat rising from the furnace. 5.3.4 Appropriate measuring instrument (for example a dial-gauge or length transducer connected to an automatic recording system), fixed to the end o
41、f the outer tube (5.3.1) and actuated by the inner tube (5.3.2). The sensitivity of the measuring device shall be at least 0,005 mm. BS EN ISO 1893:20085Key 1 moving column 2 upper disc 3 central thermocouple 4 control thermocouple 5 test piece 6 lower disc 7 inner alumina tube 8 outer alumina tube
42、9 fixed column 10 measuring instrument Figure 2 Test apparatus Measuring instrument below test piece BS EN ISO 1893:20086 Key 1 inner alumina tube 2 outer alumina tube 3 moving column 4 upper disc 5 central thermocouple 6 control thermocouple 7 test piece 8 lower disc 9 fixed column Figure 3 Test ap
43、paratus Measuring instrument above test piece BS EN ISO 1893:200875.4 Temperature-measurement devices 5.4.1 Central thermocouple, passing through the inner alumina tube (5.3.2) of the dilatometer, with its junction at the mid-point of the test piece, for measuring the temperature of the test piece a
44、t its geometric centre. 5.4.2 Control thermocouple, which shall be placed in a sheath and situated outside the test piece (see Figures 2 and 3), for regulating the rate of rise of temperature. NOTE For certain furnace constructions, it may be advisable to place the thermocouple nearer to the heating
45、 elements. 5.4.3 The thermocouples (5.4.1 and 5.4.2) shall be made from platinum and/or platinum-rhodium wire, and shall be compatible with the final test temperature. They shall be in accordance with IEC 60584-1 and IEC 60584-2. The accuracy of the thermocouples shall be checked on a regular basis.
46、 The central thermocouple may be connected to a continuous-recording device which may form part of a temperature/displacement-recording system. In this case, calibration of the instrumentation shall be carried out regularly. 5.5 Vernier callipers Callipers which are capable of measuring to 0,1 mm, i
47、n accordance with ISO 3599, shall be used. 6 Test piece 6.1 The test piece shall be a cylinder 50 mm 0,5 mm in diameter and 50 mm 0,5 mm in height, with a hole from 12 mm to 13 mm in diameter extending throughout the height of the test piece and bored coaxially with the outer cylindrical surface. Th
48、e axis of the test piece should preferably be in the direction in which the product was pressed. 6.2 The top and bottom faces of the test piece shall be made plane and parallel by sawing (and grinding, if necessary), and shall be perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. All surfaces of the cylinde
49、r shall be free from visible defects. Measurements of the height at any two points, using Vernier callipers (5.5), shall not differ by more than 0,2 mm. When one face of the test piece is placed on a plane surface and a set square also in contact with the surface is brought into contact with any part of the periphery of the test piece, the gap between the side of the test piece and the set square shall not exceed 0,5 mm. 6.3 To ensure that the top and bottom ends of the test piece are flat over their entire
