1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 3035:2011Corrugated fibreboard Determination of flat crushresistance (ISO 3035:2011)BS EN ISO 3035:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK
2、 implementation of EN ISO 3035:2011. It supersedes BS EN 23035:1994, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PAI/11, Methods of test for paper, board and pulps.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to
3、its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 67594 2 ICS 85.060 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard
4、was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 3035 November 2011 ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN 23035:1994English Version Corrugate
5、d fibreboard - Determination of flat crush resistance (ISO 3035:2011) Carton ondul - Dtermination de la rsistance la compression plat (ISO 3035:2011) Wellpappe - Bestimmung des Flachstauchwiderstandes (ISO 3035:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 October 2011. CEN members are boun
6、d to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CE
7、N-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre h
8、as the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
9、Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and
10、by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 3035:2011: EBS EN ISO 3035:2011EN ISO 3035:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 3035:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “P
11、ulp, paper and board” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May
12、2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 23035:1994. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
13、gulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
14、Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 3035:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 3035:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 3035:2011ISO 3035:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights
15、reserved iiiContents PageForeword .vIntroduction .vi1 Scope 12 Normative references .13 Terms and definitions .14 Principle .15 Apparatus 26 Sampling 27 Conditioning .28 Preparation of test pieces .29 Procedure 210 Expression of results .411 Test report .4Annex A (informative) Precision .6Bibliograp
16、hy .8BS EN ISO 3035:2011ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in
17、a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissi
18、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical com
19、mittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not
20、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 3035 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and board.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3035:1982),
21、which has been technically revised. In this revision, the instrument is clarified according to ISO 13820, relevant terms are defined, a precision statement is added, and other minor text corrections have been made.ISO 3035:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 3035:2011IntroductionFibreboa
22、rd shipping containers can be subjected to compressive forces in the thickness direction as part of the manufacturing process, as well as during shipment or storage. These forces can compress the flute structure and reduce the structural integrity (stacking strength) of the corrugated material. Resi
23、stance to this type of crushing is an important measure of the performance characteristics of the container.ISO 3035:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 3035:2011BS EN ISO 3035:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3035:2011(E)Corrugated fibreboard Determination of flat crush resistance1 ScopeT
24、his International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the flat crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard used in the manufacture of shipping containers.This International Standard is applicable to single-faced and single-wall (double-faced) corrugated fibreboard.This International S
25、tandard is not applicable to double-wall (double-double-faced) corrugated fibreboard and to microflute corrugated fibreboard, since the end-point of the test is not clearly defined or observable.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this do
26、cument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning an
27、d testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 13820, Paper, board and corrugated fibreboard Description and calibration of compression-testing equipment3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1flat c
28、rushmaximum crushing force, applied perpendicular to the surface of the fluting structure, sustained before complete collapse of the structure3.2collapsepoint where the sidewalls of the flutes are no longer able to support load because they have suffered compression damageNOTE At this point, the flu
29、ting profile appears similar to that of a mushroom (see Figure 2).3.3flat crush resistanceflat crush divided by the area of the test piece under the condition of testNOTE The flat crush resistance is expressed in kilopascals.4 PrincipleA test piece of corrugated fibreboard is subjected to an increas
30、ing force applied perpendicularly to the surface by a compression tester having two flat and parallel platens, until the fluting collapses.The maximum force sustained by the test piece is divided by the test piece area. ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 3035:20115 Apparatus5.1 Flat crush teste
31、r, a motor-driven, platen-type compression testing machine in accordance with ISO 13820, and also calibrated in accordance with ISO 13820.NOTE The results can be significantly lower when a beam-deflection compression tester is used in comparison with testing using a platen-type compression tester, p
32、articularly in the case where flutes might lean due to lateral movement. In fixed platen equipment, the platens are restrained against horizontal movement with the sample faces, leading to possible differences in the failure dynamics picked up by the crush tester.5.2 Cutting instrument, with a circu
33、larly guided knife to cut test pieces with the cut edges clean and perpendicular to the facings of the corrugated fibreboard. Commonly used test piece areas include 5 000 mm2(79,8 mm 0,5 mm in diameter), 6 450 mm2(90,6 mm 0,5 mm in diameter) and 10 000 mm2(112,8 mm 0,5 mm in diameter). When the flat
34、 crush resistance is expected to exceed the capacity of the crush tester on a 5 000 mm2sample, a smaller test piece area (commonly 3 220 mm2, 64,0 mm 0,5 mm in diameter) may be used.Test pieces of other uniform shapes may be used, as long as the test area specifications are complied with, crushing o
35、f the edges is avoided when the samples are cut, and fractional flute counts are avoided.6 SamplingSampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 186. If the test specimens are to be taken from corrugated shipping containers, they should be taken from areas away from score lines, joints and cl
36、osures, but may include printed areas that reflect the overall state of the samples.If the tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the test specimens taken are representative of the sample received.7 ConditioningThe sample shall be conditioned in accordance with ISO 187.8 Preparatio
37、n of test piecesUsing the cutting instrument (5.2), in the same standard atmosphere as that used for conditioning the sample, cut a sufficient number of test pieces to enable at least ten valid tests to be made.9 ProcedureCarry out the tests in the same standard atmosphere as used for conditioning t
38、he sample. Test at least ten test pieces.Place a test piece (see Figure 1) centrally on the lower platen and operate the flat crush tester (5.1) until the fluting collapses (see Figure 2). The rate at which the platens approach each other shall be 12,5 mm/min 0,25 mm/min. Record the maximum force su
39、stained by the test piece before collapse of the fluting, to the nearest 10 N.In the event of the flutes leaning sideways during the test (see Figure 3), ignore this test result, and make further tests on fresh test pieces as needed to obtain ten valid tests.ISO 3035:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights res
40、ervedBS EN ISO 3035:2011Figure 1 Test piece before being subjected to pressureFigure 2 Test piece after crushingISO 3035:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 3035:2011Figure 3 Flute beginning to lean, for example as a result of sideways movement of the test piece or platensFlutes may lean
41、 sideways because of relative sideways movement of the platens, because of damage to test pieces, especially during cutting, or because of an inherent fault in the corrugated fibreboard. Check the first two by testing further test pieces with the direction of the flutes in the flat crush tester at r
42、ight angle to the original direction and ensuring that great care is taken in cutting. If the test pieces still fail with leaning flutes, it is probable that the corrugated fibreboard is at fault. Test a sufficient number of test pieces so that at least ten valid test results (without leaning flutes
43、) are obtained. If all samples fail with leaning flutes, the average of ten test results shall be reported with a comment in the test report that the samples failed via leaning flutes.Normally, a preliminary end-point occurs when the tips of the corrugation flatten on one or both sides of the test p
44、iece. This should not be confused with the final end-point when the corrugations collapse completely.10 Expression of resultsCalculate the mean and standard deviation of the crushing force from the valid test results. Calculate the flat crush resistance, X, in kilopascals, using the Equation:XFA= 10
45、6(1)whereF is the mean maximum crushing force, in kilonewtons;A is the area of the test piece, in square millimetres.Report the mean flat crush resistance to the nearest kilopascal. Calculate and report the standard deviation of the flat crush resistance to the nearest kilopascal.11 Test reportThe t
46、est report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 3035:2011);b) the date and place of testing;c) a description and identification of the product tested, including the nominal flute structure;ISO 3035:2011(E)4 ISO 2011 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 3
47、035:2011d) the area of the test piece;e) the type of flat crush tester used and the rate of loading (in accordance with ISO 13820);f) the conditioning atmosphere used;g) the flat crush resistance and the standard deviation, as stated in Clause 10;h) the number of test pieces rejected because of lean
48、ing flutes (record also the test results where this number exceeds two; see Clause 9);i) any other information that may assist in the interpretation of the test results.ISO 3035:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 5BS EN ISO 3035:2011Annex A (informative) PrecisionA.1 GeneralPrecision data is avail
49、able from several different international sources, for testing performed using a motor- driven platen crush tester as described in 5.1. Industry studies (TAPPI-CTS) have found that the precision depends on the type of equipment used.The calculations were made according to ISO/TR 244981and TAPPI Test method T 1200 sp-072.The repeatability standard deviation reported in Tables A.1 and A.3 is the “pooled” repeatability standard deviation, that is the standard deviation is calculated as the root-mean-square of the standard
