1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 489:1999 BS 2782-5: Method 531A:1999 Plastics Determination of refractive index The European Standard EN ISO 489:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 83.080.01BSENISO489:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Committeefor
2、 Materials andChemicals, was publishedunder the authorityofthe Standards Committee and comes intoeffecton 15 October 1999 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 32546 6 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of ENISO 489:1999. It is identical with ISO489:1999. It supersedes BS2782-5
3、:Method 531A:1992 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the inte
4、rpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to th
5、e fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The BritishStandards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the
6、BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are resp
7、onsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theENISO title page, page2, the ISO title page, pagesii toiv, pages1 to8,
8、aninside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSENISO489:1999 BSI 03-2000 i Content
9、s Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword 2 Foreword iii Text of EN ISO 489 1ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 489 April 1999 ICS 83.080.10 English version Plastics Determination of refractive index (ISO 489:1999) Plastiques Dtermination de lindice de rfract
10、ion (ISO 489:1999) Kunststoffe Bestimmung des Brechungsindex (ISO 489:1999) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 April 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national
11、standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any oth
12、er language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, G
13、reece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999 CENAll righ
14、ts of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 489:1999 EENISO489:1999 BSI 03-2000 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard ISO489:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical
15、Committee CEN/TC249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the l
16、atest by October1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Ne
17、therlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO489:1999 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTENormative references to International Standards are listed inAnnex ZA (normat
18、ive).ENISO489:1999 ii BSI 03-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Apparatus and materials 1 3.1 Method A 1 3.2 Method B 1 4 Preparation of test specimens 2 4.1 Method A 2 4.2 Method B 3 4.3 Required number of specimens or measurements 3 5 Conditioning 3 6 Procedure 4
19、6.1 Method A 4 6.2 Method B 7 7 Precision 7 8 Test report 8 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications Inside back cover Figure 1 Method for measuring refractive index of transparent sheet 3 Figure 2 Refractometer field of vision
20、 4 Figure 3 Method for measuring refractive index of film 5 Figure 4 Film with multiple refractive indices 5 Figure 5 Combination of specimen-positioning direction and polarizing-filter direction 6 Figure 6 Method for measuring refractive index of translucent, coloured and opaque materials 6 Figure
21、7 Becke line and its movement 7 Table 1 Contacting liquids 2 Table 2 Immersion liquids 2 Table 3 Interlaboratory trial data 8ENISO489:1999 BSI 03-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The
22、 work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gove
23、rnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part3. Dr
24、aft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO489 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC61, P
25、lastics, Subcommittee SC5, Physical-chemical properties. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO489:1983), of which it constitutes a technical revision.iv blankENISO489:1999 BSI 03-2000 1 1 Scope This International Standard specifies two test methods for determining the refra
26、ctive index of plastics, namely: Method A: a refractometric method for measuring the refractive index of moulded parts, cast or extruded sheet or film, by means of a refractometer. It is applicable not only to isotropic transparent, translucent, coloured or opaque materials but also to anisotropic m
27、aterials. The method is recommended when great accuracy is required. It is not applicable to powdered or granulated material. Method B: an immersion method (making use of the Becke line phenomenon) for determining the refractive index of powdered or granulated transparent materials by means of a mic
28、roscope. Monochromatic light should, in general, be used to avoid dispersion effects. The accuracy of this method is about the same as that of method A. It is applicable to isotropic translucent, coloured materials but is not applicable to opaque materials nor to anisotropic materials. NOTE 1The ref
29、ractive index is a fundamental property which can be used for checking purity and composition, for the identification of materials and for the design of optical parts. The change in refractive index with temperature may give an indication of transition points of materials. NOTE 2The accuracy of meth
30、od B is approximately the same as that of method A when an experienced operator uses the method with extreme care (see clause7). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. Fo
31、r dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Fo
32、r undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 291:1997, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. ISO 5725-1:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) o
33、f measurement methods and results Part1:General principles and definitions. ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method. ISO 5725-3:1994, Accurac
34、y (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part3:Intermediate measures of the precision of a standard measurement method. 3 Apparatus and materials 3.1 Method A 3.1.1 Abbe refractometer, or any other refractometer that can be shown to give the same results, accurate to0,001and cap
35、able of measuring the refractive index in the range from1,300to1,700. A temperature-controlling device (3.1.4) shall be provided for the specimens and prisms. 3.1.2 White or sodium lamp, used as a source of light. 3.1.3 Contacting liquid WARNING The contacting liquid may present an environmental haz
36、ard during handling, storage and disposal. Verify its toxicity and follow national and regional regulations for safe handling and disposal. The contacting liquid shall have a refractive index higher than that of the material to be examined and shall not soften, attack or dissolve the plastic materia
37、l. The liquids listed inTable 1 may be used for the respective plastic materials, but other liquids meeting these requirements may also be used. 3.1.4 Temperature-controlled water bath, capable of maintaining the temperature at (23 0,5) C for the main prism, sub-prism and the specimen. NOTEThe circu
38、lating water should be distilled water. 3.2 Method B 3.2.1 Microscope, having a magnifying power of at least 200, an objective giving approximately 20 of primary magnification and a substage condenser fitted with a centering illuminating-aperture diaphragm capable of being stopped down to give a ver
39、y narrow axial beam. 3.2.2 Monochromatic light, usually the sodium D line, having a wavelength of589nm, is used as the light source for the microscope. 3.2.3 Immersion liquids, with different refractive indices. WARNING The contacting liquid may present an environmental hazard during handling, stora
40、ge and disposal. Verify its toxicity and follow national and regional regulations for safe handling and disposal.ENISO489:1999 2 BSI 03-2000 Table 1 Contacting liquids Table 2 Immersion liquids The immersion liquids listed inTable 2 with known refractive indices can be used separately and also as mi
41、xtures when different increments of accuracy are needed (for example, a difference of0,002to within 0,001). The immersion liquids shall not soften, attack, dissolve or swell the surface of the particles. 4 Preparation of test specimens 4.1 Method A Cut, from the sample, specimens of such a size as t
42、o fit on the face of the fixed half of the refractometer prisms. The following dimensions are recommended for sheet specimens: Plastic material Contacting liquid Cellulose derivatives Aniseed oil or 1-bromonaphthalene Fluorine-containing polymers 1-Bromonaphthalene Urea-formaldehyde Aniseed oil or 1
43、-bromonaphthalene Phenol-formaldehyde 1-Bromonaphthalene Polyethylenes 1-Bromonaphthalene Polyamides 1-Bromonaphthalene Unsaturated polyester 1-Bromonaphthalene Polyisobutylene Saturated aqueous solution of zinc chloride made slightly acid Poly(methyl methacrylate) Saturated aqueous solution of zinc
44、 chloride made slightly acid or 1-bromonaphthalene Polystyrene Saturated potassium mercury(II) iodide solution Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers 1-Bromonaphthalene Vinyl resins (vinyl chloride copolymer or plasticized PVC) 1-Bromonaphthalene Poly(vinyl chloride) 1-Bromonaphthalene Poly(ethylene terep
45、hthalate) Methylene iodide Polycarbonate Methylene iodide Diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) (CR 39) Methyl salicylate, aniseed oil or 1-bromonaphthalene Polyarylate Saturated aqueous solution of zinc chloride made slightly acid, methylene iodide or 1-bromonaphthalene Polyetheretherketone Methyl
46、ene iodide Polypropylene 1-Bromonaphthalene Immersion liquid Refractive index at 23 C n-Butyl carbonate 1,410 Tri-n-butyl citrate 1,444 n-Butyl phthalate 1,491 1-Bromonaphthalene 1,657 Diiodomethane (methylene iodide) 1,747 Aqueous solution of potassium mercury(II) iodide 1,419 to 1,733 a Silicone o
47、ils 1,37 to 1,56 a a Useful range for the purpose of the test. n D 23 width: 8 mm length: 20 mm thickness: 3 mm to 5 mmENISO489:1999 BSI 03-2000 3 For maximum accuracy, the surface of the test specimen in contact with the prism (the measurement face) shall be optically flat and well-polished. Elimin
48、ate any burs formed by cutting or any contamination attached to the specimen. Satisfactory contact between the specimen and the prism is indicated when the dividing line between the light and dark halves of the eyepiece field appears sharp and straight. Ensure that the edge of the specimen (perpendi
49、cular to the first) is also optically flat and fairly well-polished. The two polished surfaces shall intersect along a sharp line without a bevelled or rounded edge. The following dimensions are recommended for film specimens: For anisotropic material, see6.1.3. 4.2 Method B The test sample consists of particles of the material to be examined, for example powder, granules or chips. The particles shall have dimensions sufficiently small and be so distributed as to permit simultaneous observation of approxi
