1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 11145:2016Optics and photonics Lasersand laser-related equipment Vocabulary and symbols (ISO11145:2016)BS EN ISO 11145:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 11145:2016. It supersedes BS EN ISO 11145:2008 whic
2、h is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/172, Optics and Photonics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a c
3、ontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 85269 5 ICS 01.040.31; 01.080.40; 31.260 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was
4、 published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11145 March 2016 ICS 01.080.40; 01.040.31; 31.260 Supersedes EN ISO 11145:
5、2008English Version Optics and photonics - Lasers and laser-related equipment - Vocabulary and symbols (ISO 11145:2016) Optique et photonique - Lasers et quipements associs aux lasers - Vocabulaire et symboles (ISO 11145:2016) Optik und Photonik - Laser und Laseranlagen - Begriffe und Formelzeichen
6、(ISO 11145:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 September 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and
7、bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the re
8、sponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav
9、Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NO
10、RMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11145:2016 EBS EN ISO 11145:2016EN ISO 11145:2016 (E) 3 European f
11、oreword This document (EN ISO 11145:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172 “Optics and photonics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 123 “Lasers and photonics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national sta
12、ndard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent r
13、ights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 11145:2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential r
14、equirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard:
15、Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, S
16、weden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11145:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11145:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11145:2016EN ISO 11145:2016 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Re
17、quirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery
18、. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a
19、presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this European Standard and EU Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery Clauses and subclauses of this European standard Essential Requirements (ERs) o
20、f EU Directive 2006/42/EC Qualifying remarks/Notes 3 1.5.10 3 1.5.12 WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 11145:2016ISO 11145:2016(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Symbols and units of measurement . 13 Te
21、rms and definitions . 23.1 Beam axis . 33.2 Beam cross-sectional area 33.3 Beam diameter 33.4 Beam radius . 43.5 Beam widths 53.11 Beam waist diameters 73.12 Beam waist radius 73.13 Beam waist widths . 73.14 Beam waist separation . 83.19 Divergence angles . 9Annex A (informative) Explanation of the
22、difference in terminology between IEC 60825-1 and ISO 11145 15Annex B (informative) List of symbols .16Annex C (informative) Alphabetical index .17Bibliography .19 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 11145:2016ISO 11145:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standa
23、rdization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right t
24、o be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures use
25、d to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules o
26、f the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified
27、 during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the
28、 meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC
29、 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 9, Electro-optical systems.This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 11145:2006) which has been technically revised with the following changes:a) in 3.5.3, a formula for beam ellipticity has been added;b) in 3.53, the definition of re
30、lative intensity noise has been revised and a formula was added.iv ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 11145:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11145:2016(E)Optics and photonics Lasers and laser-related equipment Vocabulary and symbols1 ScopeThis International Standard defines basic terms, symbols, an
31、d units of measurement for the field of laser technology in order to unify the terminology and to arrive at clear definitions and reproducible tests of beam parameters and laser-oriented product properties.NOTE The laser hierarchical vocabulary laid down in this International Standard differs from t
32、hat given in IEC 608251. ISO and IEC have discussed this difference and agree that it reflects the different purposes for which the two standards serve. For more details, see informative Annex A.2 Symbols and units of measurement2.1 The spatial distribution of power (energy) density of a laser beam
33、does not always have circular symmetry. Therefore, all terms related to these distributions are split into those for beams with circular and those with non-circular cross-sections. A circular beam is characterized by its radius, w, or diameter, d. For a non-circular beam, the beam widths, dxand dy,
34、for two orthogonal directions have to be given.2.2 The spatial distributions of laser beams do not have sharp edges. Therefore, it is necessary to define the power (energy) values to which the spatial terms refer. Depending on the application, different cut-off values can be chosen (for example 1/e,
35、 1/e2, 1/10 of peak value).To clarify this situation, this International Standard uses the subscript u for all related terms to denote the percentage of the total beam power (energy) taken into account for a given parameter.NOTE For the same power (energy) content, beam width dx,uand beam diameter d
36、u(= 2wu) can differ for the same value of u (for example, for a circularly symmetric Gaussian beam d86,5is equal to dx,95,4).Table 1 lists symbols and units which are defined in detail in Clause 3.Table 1 Symbols and units of measurementSymbol Unit TermAuor Am2Beam cross-sectional areaduor dm Beam d
37、iameterdx,uor dxm Beam width in x-directiondy,uor dym Beam width in y-directiond0,uor d0m Beam waist diameterd0/4 rad m Beam parameter productEuor EW/m2Average power densityfpHz Pulse repetition rateHuor HJ/m2Average energy densityK 1 Beam propagation factorlcm Coherence lengthM21 Beam propagation r
38、atiop 1 Degree of linear polarizationP W Cw-power ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 11145:2016ISO 11145:2016(E)Symbol Unit TermPavW Average powerPHW Pulse powerPpkW Peak powerQ J Pulse energyR( f ) Hz1or dB/Hz Relative intensity noise, RINwuor wm Beam radiusw0,uor w0m Beam waist radiuszRm Rayl
39、eigh length m Misalignment angle m Spectral bandwidth in terms of wavelength HzSpectral bandwidth in terms of optical frequencyx(z) m Beam positional stability in x-directiony(z) m Beam positional stability in y-directionzam Astigmatic waist separationzr1 Relative astigmatic waist separation 1 Ellip
40、ticity of a power density distributionL1 Laser efficiencyQ1 Quantum efficiencyT1 Device efficiencyuor rad Divergence anglex,uor xrad Divergence angle for x-directiony,uor yrad Divergence angle for y-direction m WavelengthHs Pulse duration10s 10 %-pulse durationcs Coherence timeNOTE R( f ) expressed
41、in dB/Hz equals 10 log10R( f ) with R( f ) given in Hz1.When stating quantities marked by an index “u”, “u” shall always be replaced by the concrete number, e.g. A90for u = 90 %.In contrast to these quantities defined by setting a cut-off value “encircled power (energy)”, the beam widths and derived
42、 beam properties can also be defined based on the second moment of the power (energy) density distribution function (see 3.5.2). Only beam propagation ratios based on beam widths and divergence angles derived from the second moments of the power (energy) density distribution function allow calculati
43、on of the beam propagation. Quantities based on the second moment are marked by a subscript “”.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.Table 1 (continued)2 ISO 2016 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 11145:2016ISO 11145:2016(E)3.1 Beam axis3.1.1b
44、eam axisstraight line connecting the centroids defined by the first spatial moment of the cross-sectional profile of power (energy) at successive positions in the direction of propagation of the beam in a homogeneous medium3.1.2misalignment angledeviation of the beam axis from the mechanical axis de
45、fined by the manufacturer3.2 Beam cross-sectional area3.2.1beam cross-sectional areaAuencircled power (energy) smallest completely filled area containing u % of the total beam power (energy)Note 1 to entry: For clarity, the term “beam cross-sectional area” is always used in combination with the symb
46、ol and its appropriate subscript: Auor A.3.2.2beam cross-sectional areaAsecond moment of power (energy) density distribution function area of a beam with circular cross-sectionpid24/or elliptical cross-sectionpi()ddxy/ 4Note 1 to entry: For clarity, the term “beam cross-sectional area” is always use
47、d in combination with the symbol and its appropriate subscript: Auor A.3.3 Beam diameter3.3.1beam diameterduencircled power (energy) smallest diameter of a circular aperture in a plane perpendicular to the beam axis that contains u % of the total beam power (energy)Note 1 to entry: For clarity, the
48、term “beam diameter” is always used in combination with the symbol and its appropriate subscript: duor d.3.3.2beam diameterdsecond moment of power (energy) density distribution function smallest diameter of a circular aperture in a plane perpendicular to the beam axis, defined asdz z()=()22 ISO 2016
49、 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 11145:2016ISO 11145:2016(E)where the second moment of the power density distribution function E(x,y,z) of the beam at the location z is given by22zrErzrrEr zrr()=(, ,)(, ,)ddddwhereris the distance to the centroid xy,() is the azimuth angleand where the first moments give the coordinates of the centroid, i.e.xxExyzxyExyz xy=(, ,)(, ,)ddddyyExyzxyExyz xy=(, ,)(, ,)ddddNote 1 to entry: In principle, integration has to be carried
