1、BS EN ISO 12215-8:2009ICS 47.020.10; 47.080NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDSmall craft Hull construction and scantlingsPart 8: Rudders (ISO 12215-8:2009)Incorporating corrigendumSeptember 2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK imple
2、mentation of EN ISO 12215-8:2009. It is identical with ISO 12215-8:2009, incorporating corrigendum September 2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GME/33, Small craft.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its s
3、ecretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 12215-8:2009This British Standard was published under the aut
4、hority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2009 BSI 2010Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 November 2010 Implementation of ISO corrigendum September 2010: correction to Annex references in C.1ISBN 978 0 580 72709 2EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEURO
5、PISCHE NORMEN ISO 12215-8May 2009ICS 47.020.10; 47.080English VersionSmall craft - Hull construction and scantlings - Part 8: Rudders(ISO 12215-8:2009)Petits navires - Construction de coques et chantillonnage -Partie 8: Gouvernails (ISO 12215-8:2009)Kleine Wasserfahrzeuge - Rumpfbauweise undDimensio
6、nierung - Teil 8: Ruder (ISO 12215-8:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 April 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up
7、-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunde
8、r the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hun
9、gary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: A
10、venue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 12215-8:2009: E3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 12215-8:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188 “Small craft“ in collaboratio
11、n with CEN Sub-sector T01 “Shipbuilding and maritime structures”, the secretariat of which is held by CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national s
12、tandards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been pre
13、pared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Int
14、ernal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, M
15、alta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 12215-8:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12215-8:2009 without any modification. BS EN ISO 12215-8:2009EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E)4 Anne
16、x ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 94/25/EC amended by EU Directive 2003/44/EC This standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide on
17、e means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 94/25/EC amended by EU Directive 2003/44/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State
18、, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. Table ZA.1 Correspondence between this I
19、nternational Standard and Directive 94/25/EC amended by EU Directive 2003/44/EC Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this International Standard Essential requirements (ERs) of EU Directive 94/25/EC amended by EU Directive 2003/44/EC Qualifying remarks/Notes All clauses Annex 1 A, Clause 3.1 structure The sta
20、ndard provides requirements for the structural strength of rudders. Single bearing spade rudders and single hull bearing skeg rudders are not addressed by this standard. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the scope of this standard. BS
21、 EN ISO 12215-8:2009EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols . 2 5 Design stresses 4 5.1 Rudder material. 4 6 Rudder and steering arrangement, rudder types 5 6.1 Gen
22、eral. 5 6.2 Rudder types . 6 7 Design rudder force calculation 10 7.1 General. 10 7.2 Force F1and corresponding load case 11 7.3 Force F2and corresponding load case 12 8 Rudder bending moment and reactions at bearings 13 8.1 General. 13 8.2 Analysis of spade rudder (Type I). 13 8.3 Analysis of skeg
23、rudders (Types II to V) 14 9 Rudder design torque, T 16 10 Rudder and rudder stock design 17 10.1 Load bearing parts of the rudder 17 10.2 Metal rudder stock material . 17 10.3 Design stress for metal rudder stock . 18 10.4 Required diameter for solid circular metal rudder stocks . 18 10.5 Vertical
24、variation of the diameter of a Type I rudder (spade). 18 10.6 Round tubular stocks. 19 10.7 Non-circular metal rudder stocks . 20 10.8 Simple non-isotropic rudder stocks (e.g. wood or FRP) 21 10.9 Complex structural rudders and rudder stocks in composite. 21 10.10 Check of deflection of Type I rudde
25、r stocks between bearings 21 11 Equivalent diameter at the level of notches. 22 12 Rudder bearings, pintles and gudgeons 22 12.1 Bearing arrangement 22 12.2 Clearance between stock and bearings . 23 13 Rudder stock structure and rudder construction . 24 13.1 Rudder stock structure 24 13.2 Rudder con
26、struction. 24 13.3 FRP rudder blades 24 13.4 Non-FRP rudder blades 25 14 Skeg structure. 25 14.1 General. 25 14.2 Design stress 25 Annex A (normative) Metal for rudder stock . 26 BS EN ISO 12215-8:2009EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E)iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedAnnex B (normative) Complex composite rudder
27、stock design . 30 Annex C (normative) Complete calculation for rudders with skeg . 32 Annex D (informative) Geometrical properties of some typical rudder blade shapes 36 Annex E (informative) Vertical variation of diameter for Type I rudders 39 Annex F (informative) Type I rudders Deflection of stoc
28、k between bearings . 41 Bibliography . 44 BS EN ISO 12215-8:2009EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Stan
29、dards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also t
30、ake part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees
31、is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibil
32、ity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12215-8 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 188, Small craft. ISO 12215 consists of the following parts, under the general t
33、itle Small craft Hull construction and scantlings: Part 1: Materials: Thermosetting resins, glass-fibre reinforcement, reference laminate Part 2: Materials: Core materials for sandwich construction, embedded materials Part 3: Materials: Steel, aluminium alloys, wood, other materials Part 4: Workshop
34、 and manufacturing Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls, design stresses, scantlings determination Part 6: Structural arrangements and details Part 8: Rudders BS EN ISO 12215-8:2009EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E)vi ISO 2010 All rights reservedIntroduction The reason underlying the preparation of this part
35、 of ISO 12215 is that standards and recommended practices for loads on the hull and the dimensioning of small craft differ considerably, thus limiting the general worldwide acceptability of craft. This part of ISO 12215 has been set towards the lower boundary range of common practice. The objective
36、of this part of ISO 12215 is to achieve an overall structural strength that ensures the watertight and weathertight integrity of the craft. The working group considers this part of ISO 12215 to have been developed applying present practice and sound engineering principles. The design loads and crite
37、ria of this part of ISO 12215 may be used with the scantling determination equations of this part of ISO 12215 or using equivalent engineering methods such as continuous beam theory, matrix-displacement method and classical lamination theory, as indicated within. Considering future development in te
38、chnology and craft types, and small craft presently outside the scope of this part of ISO 12215, provided that methods supported by appropriate technology exist, consideration may be given to their use as long as equivalent strength to this part of ISO 12215 is achieved. The dimensioning according t
39、o this part of ISO 12215 is regarded as reflecting current practice, provided the craft is correctly handled in the sense of good seamanship and equipped and operated at a speed appropriate to the prevailing sea state. BS EN ISO 12215-8:2009EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2010 All
40、rights reserved 1Small craft Hull construction and scantlings Part 8: Rudders 1 Scope This part of ISO 12215 gives requirements on the scantlings of rudders fitted to small craft with a length of hull, LH, of up to 24 m, measured according to ISO 8666. It applies only to monohulls. This part of ISO
41、12215 does not give requirements on rudder characteristics required for proper steering capabilities. This part of ISO 12215 only considers pressure loads on the rudder due to craft manoeuvring. Loads on the rudder or its skeg, where fitted, induced by grounding or docking, where relevant, are out o
42、f scope and need to be considered separately. NOTE Scantlings derived from this part of ISO 12215 are primarily intended to apply to recreational craft including charter craft. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
43、 references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8666, Small craft Principal data ISO 12215-5:2008, Small craft Hull construction and scantlings Part 5: Design pressures for monohulls, design st
44、resses, scantlings determination 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 design categories sea and wind conditions for which a craft is assessed by this part of ISO 12215 to be suitable, provided the craft is correctly handled in the
45、sense of good seamanship and operated at a speed appropriate to the prevailing sea state 3.1.1 design category A (“ocean”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in seas with significant wave heights above 4 m and wind speeds in excess of Beaufort Force 8, but excluding abnormal conditions
46、 such as hurricanes EN ISO 12215-8:2009 (E)BS EN ISO 12215-8:20092 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.1.2 design category B (“offshore”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in seas with significant wave heights up to 4 m and winds of Beaufort Force 8 or less 3.1.3 design category C (“inshore
47、”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in seas with significant wave heights up to 2 m and a typical steady wind force of Beaufort Force 6 or less 3.1.4 design category D (“sheltered waters”) category of craft considered suitable to operate in waters with significant wave heights up to
48、and including 0,3 m with occasional waves of 0,5 m height, for example from passing vessels, and a typical steady wind force of Beaufort Force 4 or less 3.2 loaded displacement mass mLDCmass of the craft, including all appendages, when in the fully loaded ready-for-use condition as defined in ISO 86
49、66 3.3 sailing craft craft for which the primary means of propulsion is wind power, having AS 0,07(mLDC)2/3where ASis the total profile area of all sails that may be set at one time when sailing closed hauled, as defined in ISO 8666 and expressed in square metres NOTE 1 For the headsails, ASis the area of the fore triangle. NOTE 2 In the rest of this part of ISO 12215, non-sailing craft are called motor craft. 4 Symbols For the purposes of this document, unless specifically otherwise defined, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
