1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 13078:2013Dentistry Dental furnace Test method for temperaturemeasurement with separatethermocouple (ISO 13078:2013)BS EN ISO 13078:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewo
2、rdThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO13078:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CH/106/2, Prosthodontic materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does no
3、t purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 71491 7ICS 11.060.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal oblig
4、ations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 13078 February 2013 ICS 11.060.20English Version Dentistry - D
5、ental furnace - Test method for temperature measurement with separate thermocouple (ISO 13078:2013) Mdecine bucco-dentaire - Four dentaire - Mthode dessai pour le mesurage de la temprature au moyen dun thermocouple (ISO 13078:2013) Zahnheilkunde - Brennofen - Prfverfahren fr die Temperaturmessung mi
6、t separatem Thermoelement (ISO 13078:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 January 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration
7、. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by t
8、ranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,Fin
9、land, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZAT
10、ION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13078:2013: EBS EN ISO 13078:2013EN ISO 13078:2013 (E)3
11、 ForewordThis document (EN ISO 13078:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106 “Dentistry“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 “Dentistry” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by public
12、ation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shal
13、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denma
14、rk, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noti
15、ceThe text of ISO 13078:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13078:2013 without any modification.BS EN ISO 13078:2013ISO 13078:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing
16、International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaiso
17、n with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of techn
18、ical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn
19、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 13078 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2, Prosthodontic materials. ISO 2013
20、 All rights reserved iiiBS EN ISO 13078:2013ISO 13078:2013(E)IntroductionDental furnaces are suitable for the manufacturing of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic restorations for use in dentistry. Dental furnaces are particularly used for firing or sintering, respectively, of dental opaques, dentine and
21、enamel materials to the respective compatible substructure materials. Dental furnaces are also used for other applications such as oxidizing metallic substructures in preparation for porcelain firing, for melting pressable ceramics, for stain and glaze firing, etc. According to the current state of
22、the art, the temperature of this process lies between 600 C and 1 050 C.The firing result obtained is influenced by the accuracy of the actual temperature, which may be influenced by the different calibration processes applied by the manufacturers of dental furnaces as well as by the varying constru
23、ction types of the dental furnaces currently on the market.Despite the fact that different dental furnaces can have identical digital external displays, different results regarding the degree of firing can be identified when processing the same ceramics under otherwise similar conditions.A different
24、 degree of firing does not only cause differences that can be judged directly by the human eye (e. g. colour and transparency), but also deviations that cannot be detected by eye. These are for instance the coefficient of thermal expansion, strength, and solubility of the dental opaque, dentine or e
25、namel materials, and the bonding strength to its substructure. Such changes may result in clinical failures (e. g. fractures) as well as discoloration and changed aesthetics of the dental ceramic restoration.This International Standard levels the currently existing differences between the final cali
26、bration of the dental furnaces based on the factory of origin through a final adjustment (that has to be carried out by all manufacturers in an identical way) of the temperature control in the firing chamber by means of a thermocouple at e.g. 800 C.Alternatively, the verification of the process can
27、be carried out using the thermocouple at 700 C or 900 C.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13078:2013Dentistry Dental furnace Test method for temperature measurement with separate thermocouple1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a test method for the calibration of dental furnaces that
28、 are suitable for the heat treatment of silica-based dental ceramic restorations in the temperature range between 600 C and 1 050 C. This International Standard does not include furnaces intended to sinter zirconium oxide-frameworks (in the temperature range of 1 350C or higher).2 Normative referenc
29、esThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1942, Dentistry VocabularyISO 6872, Dentistr
30、y Ceramic materialsIEC 60584-1, Thermocouples Part 1: Reference tablesIEC 60584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: TolerancesIEC 60584-3, Thermocouples Part 3: Extension and compensating cables Tolerances and identification system3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definiti
31、ons given in ISO 1942, ISO 6872 and IEC 60584-1 and the following apply.3.1dental furnacefurnace in the firing chamber in which dental materials are treated thermally (i.e. fired or sintered, oxidized)3.2heating raterate of temperature increaseNOTE The heating rate is expressed in degrees Celsius pe
32、r minute (C/min).3.3holding timeperiod of time over which the desired temperature of the dental furnace is maintained until the time prescribed by the manufacturer, starting when the display of the dental furnace shows that the set test temperature has been achieved and the furnace temperature has s
33、tabilized4 Test method4.1 Test equipment and test products4.1.1 Test fixture that positions the thermocouple in accordance with Figure 1. An example is:1) type: honeycomb tray of cordierite; colour: light;INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13078:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 13078:2013ISO
34、13078:2013(E)2) thickness: (11 1) mm;3) diameter: (60 6) mm.NOTE Any firing tray capable of enabling a thermocouple positioning according to Figure 1 may be used.4.1.2 Dental furnace;4.1.3 Thermocouple with, for example, the following specifications:1) thermocouple platinum-10 % rhodium/platinum (Ty
35、pe S) in accordance with IEC 60584-1, with a tolerance of the thermoelectric voltage of class 1 in accordance with IEC 60584-2;2) diameter of the legs: 0,5 mm in accordance with DIN 43732, Type C;3) diameter of the head: (1,5 0,5) mm.NOTE Any thermocouple appropriately calibrated and adjusted for th
36、e given temperature-range (up to 1 050 C) may be used.4.1.4 Compensating cable for the thermocouple with a tolerance of the compensating cable of class 2 in accordance with IEC 60584-3. The cold junction voltage shall be compensated by the measuring device.4.1.5 Temperature indicating device, certif
37、ied or calibrated to be accurate to 1,2 C between 400 C and 1 050 C (e. g. HP data logger or Ezecal)1).4.2 Procedure4.2.1 Positioning of the thermocoupleThe thermocouple is placed in the firing chamber of the dental furnace centrally with the thermocouple head located at a height of (20 2) mm above
38、the test fixture (see Figure 1). The distance between the thermocouple wires on the surface of the test fixture is (10 5) mm.The firing tray is fixed centrally in the firing chamber of the dental furnace.Dimensions in millimetresKey1 firing tray (honeycomb tray)2 thermocouple wiresFigure 1 Positioni
39、ng of the thermocouple on the firing tray1) HP data logger and Ezecal are examples of suitable commercially available products. This information is given for the convenience of the users of this standard only and does not constitute an endorsement of these products by ISO.2 ISO 2013 All rights reser
40、vedBS EN ISO 13078:2013ISO 13078:2013(E)4.2.2 Heating phase and stand-by temperaturePrior to starting the adjustment, ensure that the dental furnace is operable.NOTE For this purpose, generally, at the beginning the dental furnace is heated up in accordance with the manufacturers information (this t
41、akes place partly automatically) and cooled down to stand-by temperature (e. g. 500 C). It may be necessary to repeat this cycle several times.The heating rate during the heating phase is 60 C/min ( 5 C). Regular atmosphere is required (no reduced pressure or vacuum).4.2.3 Test temperatureThe equipm
42、ent shall be brought to the test temperature: e.g. 800 C.4.2.4 Holding timeThe holding time starts when the display of the dental furnace shows that the set test temperature has been achieved and the furnace temperature has stabilized; the holding time is 1 min.4.2.5 Adjustment procedureAt the end o
43、f the holding time, the temperature value determined by the external thermocouple is read off and recorded and (if required) the set point temperature of the dental furnace is adjusted to achieve the test temperature.4.2.6 VerificationThis adjustment procedure shall be repeated three times and the d
44、eviation between the readings of the furnace display and external thermocouple shall be recorded before every adjustment.5 Test reportThe test report shall contain the following information:a) model of the dental furnace;b) serial number;c) test equipment;d) protocols including a nominal/actual valu
45、e comparison at the test temperature as well as the documentation of the relevant measures (adjustment);e) the deviation measured in the verification measurement according to 4.2.6;f) any parameters specified in this International Standard (heating rate, requirements for the measuring apparatus, typ
46、e of the thermocouple used, etc.) should be part of the pre-printed form of the test protocol;g) date of test;h) name of testing laboratory or test technician identifier when conducting calibration as part of the quality control process. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 13078:2013ISO 13078:20
47、13(E)Bibliography1 ISO 9693-1, Dentistry Compatibility testing Part 1: Metal-ceramic systems2)2 ISO 22112, Dentistry Artificial teeth for dental prostheses3 DIN 43732, Measurement and control Electrical temperature sensors Thermocouples for thermocouple thermometers2) Replaces ISO 9693:1999.4 ISO 20
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