1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 13428:2005 Geosynthetics Determination of the protection efficiency of a geosynthetic against impact damage The European Standard EN ISO 13428:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.70 BS EN ISO 13428:2005 This British Standard was published under the authori
2、ty of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 March 2005 BSI 15 March 2005 ISBN 0 580 45611 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 13428:2005. It is identical with ISO 13428:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to
3、 Technical Committee B/553, Geosynthetics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document ma
4、y be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users
5、are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, a
6、nd keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 9 a
7、nd a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO13428 February2005 ICS59.080.70 Englishversion GeosyntheticsDeterminationoft
8、heprotectionefficiencyofa geosyntheticagainstimpactdamage(ISO13428:2005) GosynthtiquesDterminationdelefficacitde protectiondungosynthtiquecontreleffetdunimpact (ISO13428:2005) GeokunststoffeBestimmungderSchutzwirksamkeiteines GeokunststoffesbeiStobelastung(ISO13428:2005) ThisEuropeanStandardwasappro
9、vedbyCENon3February2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtothe
10、CentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenat
11、ionalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATI
12、ON COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO13428:2005:ENE ISO 431002:825 E() 2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 13428:2005) has been
13、prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics“, the secretariat of which is held by IBN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 “Geosynthetics“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorse
14、ment, at the latest by August 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
15、Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. ENISO13428:2005 Reference number ISO 13428:200
16、5(E) OSI 5002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13428 First edition 2005-02-15 Geosynthetics Determination of the protection efficiency of a geosynthetic against impact damage Gosynthtiques Dtermination de lefficacit de protection dun gosynthtique contre leffet dun impact ENISO13428:2005IS:82431 O5002(E) DP
17、lcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file may ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccaocnadrw eith Aebods licensilop gnic,y this file mairp eb ynted iv roweb detu slahl ton ide ebtlnu deess the typefaces whice era hml era deddebicsnede to i dnanstlaled t noeh computfrep reormign tide ehtin.g In wodlnidaot gnhis file, tr
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19、 evo the file; tP ehDc-Frtaeion marapterew setpo erimizde for irpnti.gn Evyre caer neeb sah taken to sneeru that the file is suitlbae fosu re yb ISO memdob rebeis. In tlnu ehikletneve y ttah lborp aem leratit gno it is f,dnuo plsaee inform ttneC ehlar Secrteiraat ta the serddaig sleb nevwo. ISO 5002
20、 All irthgs erse.devr lnUeto sswrehise specified, on trap fo this lbupictaion maeb y cudorperro de tuilizi den yna form ro na ybm ynae,s lecetrinoc ro mecinahcal, inclidung tohpcoiypodna gn micrfoilm, wittuoh repmissii non writign from ietI rehSa Ot tsserdda eh ebolw or ISOs memreb i ydobn the cnuot
21、rfo y ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mail coirypthgiso.o gr We bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dnaii ISO 5002 Allr ithgsr esedevrENISO13428:2005IS:82431 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page
22、 Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle . 2 5 Test specimens . 3 6 Apparatus (see Figure 1) . 3 7 Test procedure 5 8 Calculation. 6 9 Test report 7 Annex A (informative) Performance testing 8 Bibliography . 9 ENISO13428:2005IS:82431 O5002(E) iv I SO 5
23、002 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in
24、a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commissi
25、on (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical c
26、ommittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall n
27、ot be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13428 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 189, Geosynthetics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221, Geosynthetics, in accordance with the Agreement on tec
28、hnical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ENISO13428:2005INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:82431 O5002(E)I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Geosynthetics Determination of the protection efficiency of a geosynthetic against impact damage 1 Scope This International Standard describes an index tes
29、t for the determination of the protection efficiency of a geosynthetic on a hard surface, exposed to the impact load of a hemispherical object. The index test measures the change in thickness of a thin lead plate lying between the geosynthetic and a rigid support. It can also be used as a performanc
30、e test, by using the real rigid surface to protect and the real sequence of geosynthetics. The test is applicable to all geosynthetics with apertures smaller than 15 mm (maximum size). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. F
31、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications ISO 9862, Geosynthetics Sampling and preparation of test specime
32、ns ISO 9863-1, Geosynthetics Determination of thickness at specified pressure Part 1: Single layers ISO 9864, Geosynthetics Test method for the determination of mass per unit area of geotextiles and geotextile-related products EN 12588, Lead and lead alloys Rolled lead sheet for building purposes 3
33、Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 plate thickness s thickness of the thin lead plate NOTE Plate thickness is expressed in millimetres. ENISO13428:2005IS:82431 O5002(E) 2 I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr3.2 initial plate thickness s i
34、plate thickness under an applied pressure of 2 kPa NOTE Initial plate thickness is expressed in millimetres. 3.3 residual plate thickness s rplate thickness after an impact, in the centre of the impact area NOTE Residual plate thickness is expressed in millimetres. 3.4 probe hemispherical mass used
35、to produce the impact on the geosynthetic specimen NOTE The probe is shown in Figure 3. 3.5 nominal specimen thickness t nthickness of the specimen when subjected to an applied normal stress of 2 kPa, when measured in accordance with ISO 9863-1 NOTE Nominal specimen thickness is expressed in millime
36、tres. 4 Principle A geosynthetic test specimen is subjected to an impact load produced by a rigid probe with a hemispherical head. The probe hits the specimen with a known energy. The specimen lies on a rigid support, consisting of a thick steel plate of set characteristics and dimensions. A thin le
37、ad plate is placed between the steel plate and the specimen. The five specimens are each subjected to one impact. A single lead plate can be used for all five specimens. The residual thickness of the lead plate is measured in the impacted areas and the average residual thickness is calculated. The i
38、mpact energy is given by: E = F h (1) where E is the impact energy, in joules; F is the weight of the probe, in newtons; h is the distance between top surface of the specimen and bottom point of the probe, in metres. ENISO13428:2005IS:82431 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 35 Test specimens 5.
39、1 Sampling Take specimens in accordance with ISO 9862. 5.2 Number and dimensions of test specimens Cut five specimens for each face from the test sample. A new set of specimens is required for each test. Specimens shall meet the following criteria: the shape of the specimen shall be square (see Figu
40、re 2); the minimum size of the specimen shall be 100 mm 100 mm (see Figure 2). 5.3 Conditioning The test specimens shall be conditioned in the standard atmosphere for testing at (20 2) C and (65 5) % relative humidity as defined in ISO 554. The specimens can be considered to be conditioned when the
41、change in mass in successive weighings made at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0,25 % of the mass of the test specimen. Conditioning and/or testing in the standard atmosphere may only be omitted when it can be shown that results obtained for the same specific type of product (both str
42、ucture and polymer type) are not affected by changes in temperature and humidity exceeding the limits. This information shall be included in the test report. 6 Apparatus (see Figure 1) 6.1 Probe The probe is made of a steel cylinder with a hemispherical head of 20 mm diameter. It is fixed to a trigg
43、er (Figure 3). NOTE The probe may move inside a large tube, e.g. acrylic glass, to provide protection for the operator. For performance tests, weight and diameter of the probe and the falling height can be varied in order to model the real situation. For index tests, the falling height shall be (1 0
44、,01) m and the mass of the probe shall be (1 000 2) g. 6.2 Specimen support The specimen support with all the relevant dimensions is shown in Figure 2. It consists of a 40 mm thick steel plate, as shown in Figure 2. The steel plate shall have minimum dimensions equal to or exceeding those of the spe
45、cimens. The steel plate shall be put on a flat rigid support, like a concrete floor, which will not bend or settle during the impact. No soft or deformable base shall be used. Before starting the test, it shall be checked that the steel plate lays perfectly on the support and that no vibration occur
46、s when the probe impacts the specimens. NOTE For this test, the same tube and trigger system as for the cone drop test (EN 918) may be used. ENISO13428:2005IS:82431 O5002(E) 4 I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr6.3 Lead plate A soft lead plate, grade 3 according to EN 12588, is placed on the top slab. The
47、 lead plate shall have a nominal thickness of 1,8 mm. Since the actual thickness of the lead plates can have local variations of up to 20 % compared to its nominal thickness, the initial thickness in each impact area shall be measured and reported. If the initial thickness of the plate is outside th
48、e limits of (1,8 0,2) mm, the plate shall be discarded. The lead plate shall have minimum dimensions of 60 mm 60 mm. When the specimen is larger then 60 mm, the lead plates size shall be increased accordingly. Then the specimen shall be placed on the metal plate as shown in Figure 2. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 specimen support 2 probe Figure 1 Scheme of the testing apparatus 6.4 Thickness gauge The thickness gauge can be a comparator, or any device able to measure
