1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 13438:2004 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation The European Standard EN ISO 13438:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.70 BS EN ISO 13438:2004 This British Standard was published unde
2、r the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 December 2004 BSI 15 December 2004 ISBN 0 580 45086 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 13438:2004. It is identical with ISO 13438:2004. It supersedes DD ENV ISO 13438:2000 w
3、hich is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/553, Geosynthetics, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which imple
4、ment international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication doe
5、s not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/Europea
6、n committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, t
7、he EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROP
8、ISCHE NORM EN ISO 13438 November 2004 ICS 59.080.70 Supersedes ENV ISO 13438:1999 English version Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation (ISO 13438:2004) Gotextiles et produits apparents - Mthode de dtermination de la rsistance
9、 loxydation (ISO 13438:2004) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 October 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date l
10、ists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the res
11、ponsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ire
12、land, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1
13、050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13438:2004: ENE ISO 31( 4002:834E) 2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 13438:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics“, the secretar
14、iat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 “Geosynthetics“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shal
15、l be withdrawn at the latest by May 2005. This document supersedes ENV ISO 13438:1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
16、Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. ENISO13438:2004 Reference number ISO 13438:2004(E) OSI 4002INTERNATIONAL STANDA
17、RD ISO 13438 First edition 2004-11-01 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation Gotextiles et produits apparents Mthode de dtermination de la rsistance loxydation ENISO13438:2004IS:83431 O4002(E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file may ctn
18、oian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccaocnadrw eith Aebods licensilop gnic,y this file mairp eb ynted iv roweb detu slahl ton ide ebtlnu deess teh typefaces whice era hml era deddebicsnede to i dnanstlalt no deeh computfrep reormign tide ehtin.g In wodlnidaot gnhis file, raptise atpecc tiereht nser ehnopsii
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21、hise specfidei, trap on fo thsi ilbupctanoi may cudorper ebtu ro dezilina ni dey fomr yb ro anm y,snae lecetrinoc ro mecinahcal, inclidung tohpcoiypodna gn micrfoilm, wittuoh repmissii non writign from eitI rehSa Ot tsserdda he below or ISOs memreb i ydobn the cnuotrfo y ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg
22、 fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mail coirypthgiso.o gr We bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dnaii ISO 4002 Allr ithgsr esedevrENISO13438:2004IS:83431 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scop
23、e 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Methods A1, A2, B1 and B2 . 1 3.1 Principle . 1 3.2 Specimens . 2 3.3 Apparatus 2 3.4 Conditioning 2 3.5 Test procedure 2 4 Methods C1 and C2. 3 4.1 Principle . 3 4.2 Apparatus and reagents. 3 4.3 Test procedure 4 5 Determination of mechanical properties 5 6 Test rep
24、ort . 6 Annex A (informative) Background information on oxidation processes and oxidation measurements. 7 Bibliography . 9 ENISO13438:2004IS:83431 O4002(E) iv I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standard
25、s bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organiz
26、ations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
27、the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % o
28、f the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13438 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardizat
29、ion (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 189, Geosynthetics in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221, Geosynthetics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ENISO13438:2004IS:83431 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr vIntroduction
30、In many civil engineering applications geotextiles and geotextile-related products may come into contact with water or aqueous solutions present in the soil environment. At the same time, in specific parts of the construction, they may be exposed to oxygen, giving rise to oxidative degradation proce
31、sses. These processes are usually very slow. Polyolefin materials such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are inherently more sensitive to oxidation than those based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This behaviour can be improved very effectively by the use of appropriate stabilizing ad
32、ditives. It is the purpose of this international standard to provide a method for screening the resistance to oxidation of geotextiles and geotextile-related products in service up to 25 years. In order to achieve the sufficiently short exposure times needed for screening tests, it is necessary to a
33、ccelerate the oxidative degradation process. This acceleration can be achieved either by raising the temperature or by increasing the concentration of the active reaction partner. Raising the temperature may lead to the oxidation rate being limited by oxygen diffusion, thus invalidating the accelera
34、tion. This applies particularly to materials with a low surface-to-volume ratio and less to nonwovens made from fine fibres. Two methods are therefore proposed. Methods A1, A2, B1 and B2 use temperature alone as the accelerating factor. Methods C1 and C2 operate at moderately high temperatures and a
35、t the same time the oxygen concentration is increased by using pure oxygen at high pressure. Each test may be performed at a shorter duration for non-reinforcing materials (A1, B1, C1) or for a longer duration for reinforcing materials (A2, B2, C2). NOTE This International Standard should be used wi
36、th reference to ISO/TR 13434. For further information see Annex A. ENISO13438:2004blank 4002:83431OSINEINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:83431 O4002(E)I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Screening test method for determining the resistance to oxidation 1 Scope This Int
37、ernational Standard specifies a screening test method for determining the resistance of geotextiles and geotextile-related products to oxidation. The test is applicable to polypropylene- and polyethylene-based products. The data are suitable for screening purposes but not for deriving performance da
38、ta such as lifetime unless supported by further evidence. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc
39、luding any amendments) applies. ISO 188:1998, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods EN 12226, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products General tests for evaluation following dur
40、ability testing 3 Methods A1, A2, B1 and B2 3.1 Principle Test specimens are exposed to an elevated temperature in air over a fixed time period, using a regulated laboratory oven without forced air circulation. Oven ageing on polypropylene shall be carried out at a temperature of (110 1) C (Methods
41、A1 and A2). Oven ageing of polyethylene shall be carried out at a temperature of (100 1) C (Methods B1 and B2). The test specimens shall hang freely in the oven space. After the fixed time period of oven ageing, the exposed test specimens are submitted to a tensile test. The tensile strength and the
42、 strain at maximum load are measured for both the control specimens and the exposed specimens. The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12226. For woven fabrics both the machine and cross direction shall be tested, unless otherwise agreed. ENISO13438:2004IS:83431 O4002(E) 2 I SO 4
43、002 All irthgs ersedevr3.2 Specimens Products shall have been manufactured at least 24 h prior to testing. The number of specimens shall be five test specimens and five control specimens, unless further specimens are required to assure statistical significance. The specimens to be tested shall be in
44、 accordance with EN 12226. NOTE It is recommended to expose additional specimens in case an extra mechanical test is required. 3.3 Apparatus For the tests, a thermostatically regulated oven without forced air circulation, in accordance with 3.2.2 of ISO 188:1998, is required, with an internal volume
45、 of sufficient size, capable of exposing test specimens to a temperature of (110 1) C or (100 1) C. The oven without forced air circulation shall be provided with a ventilation opening which shall be adjusted such that the set temperature can be maintained in that part of the oven in which the speci
46、mens are to be suspended. The specimens shall be suspended from glass or other chemically inert fixtures in the centre of the oven, spaced and not touching; the distance from each wall being at least 100 mm. The temperature around the specimens shall be recorded, for instance, with the aid of suitab
47、le calibrated thermocouples and a data logger. 3.4 Conditioning Conditioning of the specimens before exposure in the laboratory oven is not required. Because of the possible occurrence of shrinkage during the oven test, the control specimens shall be exposed for 6 h, to the same conditions as in the
48、 oven test. 3.5 Test procedure 3.5.1 Oven temperature Set the oven temperature at (110 1) C or (100 1) C in accordance with the chosen method (A1, A2, B1 or B2). 3.5.2 Specimens Attach the specimens to the fixtures. Once the temperature has reached a steady value, place the specimens in the oven. Su
49、spend the specimens in the centre of the oven, spaced, not touching each other, and so that the distance from each wall is at least 100 mm. 3.5.3 Duration of the oven test Geotextile specimens for reinforcing applications, or for other applications where long-term strength is a significant parameter, shall be exposed to the durations shown in Table 1. ENISO13438:2004IS:83431 O4002(E) I SO 4002 All irthgs er
