1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58materials Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static co
2、nditionsThe European Standard EN ISO 13503-4:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 75.100Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 13503-4:2006BS EN ISO 13503-4:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and S
3、trategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49536 1Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsits secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British
4、Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 13503-4:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PSE/17, Materials and equipment for petroleum, petrochem
5、ical and natural gas industries, to Subcommittee PSE/17/-/3, Drilling and completion fluids and well cements.A list of organizations represented on PSE/17/-/3 can be obtained on request to EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 13503-4October 2006ICS 75.100English VersionPetroleum and
6、 natural gas industries - Completion fluids andmaterials - Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation andgravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions (ISO 13503-4:2006)Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides decompltion et matriaux - Partie 4: Mode opratoire pourmesurer la stimulation
7、 et la fuite du fluide filtrant dans desconditions statiques (ISO 13503-4:2006)Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflssigkeitenund -materialien - Teil 4: Verfahren zur Messung vonStimulation und Verlust von Filterflssigkeit ausKiespackungen unter statischen Bedingungen (ISO 13503-4:2006)This
8、European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 September 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical referenc
9、es concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its
10、 own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembo
11、urg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of
12、 exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 13503-4:2006: E2 Foreword This document (EN ISO 13503-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industrie
13、s“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
14、an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
15、 Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsem
16、ent notice The text of ISO 13503-4:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13503-4:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 13503-4:2006 Reference numberISO 13503-4:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO13503-4First edition2006-10-15Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials Part
17、4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Fluides de compltion et matriaux Partie 4: Mode opratoire pour mesurer la stimulation et la fuite du fluide filtrant dans des conditions statiques EN ISO 13503-4:2006 i
18、i iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Measurement and precision 2 4 Fluid preparation. 2 5 Instrument calibration 3 6 Measurement procedure 3 7 Operational procedure . 7 8 Calculations. 8 9 Report 13 10 Procedure modifications 14 EN ISO 13503-4:2006 i
19、v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
20、 technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matte
21、rs of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circula
22、ted to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsibl
23、e for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13503-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. ISO 13503 consists of
24、 the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials: Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids Part 2: Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations Part 3: Testing
25、 of heavy brines Part 4: Procedure for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants EN ISO 13503-4:2006 vIntroduction The objective of this part of ISO 13503 is to provide a standard procedure for
26、 measuring fluid loss under static conditions. This standard procedure was compiled on the basis of several years of comparative testing, debate, discussion and continued research by the industry 1). In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, US Customary (USC) units are included in parentheses for
27、 information. 1) PENNY, G.S. and CONWAY, M.W. Fluid Leakoff, Recent Advances in Hydraulic Fracturing, J.L. Gidley, S.A. Holditch. D.E. Nierode and R.W. Veatch Jr. (eds), SPE Monograph 1989. EN ISO 13503-4:2006 blank1Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials Part 4: Procedu
28、re for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions 1 Scope This part of ISO 13503 provides for consistent methodology to measure fluid loss of stimulation and gravel-pack fluid under static conditions. However, the procedure in this part of ISO 13503 excludes fluids t
29、hat react with porous media. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 base fluid solution media used to prepare completion fluid 2.2 filtrate fluid that permeates into the porous medium 2.3 filter cake build-up of materials on the face
30、 or within the matrix of porous medium due to fluid leakoff 2.4 fluid loss fluid loss is a measure of fluid volume that leaks into a porous medium over time 2.5 gravel-pack fluids fluids used to place filtration media to control formation sand production from oil and gas wells 2.6 leakoff entry of f
31、luid into a porous media 2.7 pH negative of the logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration 2.8 spurt time time between the initial entry of fluid into porous medium and the onset of square-root-of-time leakoff behaviour EN ISO 13503-4:2006 2 2.9 shut-in time time from loading the cell to
32、the initiation of leakoff test 2.10 spurt loss theoretical loss of fluid/filtrate at first exposure of that fluid into a porous medium 2.11 stimulation fluids fluids used to enhance production from oil and gas wells by fracturing or acidizing 2.12 viscosity-controlled fluid-loss coefficient measure
33、of the leakoff rate controlled by the viscosity of filtrate 2.13 viscosity of fluid measure of the internal friction of a fluid whenever it is caused to move by an external force 2.14 wall-building coefficient measure of the leakoff rate due to filter cake formation 3 Measurement and precision Tempe
34、rature shall be measured to a precision of 1 C ( 2 F). All other quantitative measurements shall be made to a precision of 2 %, unless specified otherwise. 4 Fluid preparation Certain aspects of sample preparation and handling can affect properties of a fluid. During all procedures, steps shall be t
35、aken to minimize air entrainment into the fluid. The procedure used to prepare the fluid sample shall be documented as follows: a) description and/or composition of the base fluid; b) base fluid pre-treatment such as filtration; c) preparation of the fluid, which shall be described, starting with th
36、e base fluid, such as deionized water, tap water source, seawater (location) or type of organic fluids; d) identification of mixing apparatus, container volume and total volume of fluid prepared; e) time of mixing should include mixing time(s) at one or more mixer speed(s); f) identification of each
37、 component and amount added; g) order and method of addition of each component; h) aging or holding time at temperature, if required, prior to tests; i) test temperature; j) pH (for aqueous fluids, where applicable); k) all other aspects of the fluid preparation that are known to affect the outcome
38、of measurement. EN ISO 13503-4:2006 35 Instrument calibration The instruments associated with these procedures shall be calibrated according to each manufacturers recommended method. 6 Measurement procedure 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 General considerations Fluid-loss tests are conducted to simulate leak
39、off into a formation. Fluid-loss tests measure the rate of leakoff into a porous medium to calculate fluid-loss coefficients to guide engineering design of well completion operations. This part of ISO 13503 provides guidelines on known limitations to the testing procedure. Where data are reported as
40、 being obtained using this procedure, the procedure shall be followed exactly. The fluid shall not react with instrument surfaces to generate contaminants, change critical measurement dimensions or impair proper mechanical operation. 6.1.2 Apparatus Figures 1 and 2 present drawings of two types of t
41、ypical static fluid-loss apparatus 2)with 175 ml and 500 ml capacities, respectively. 2) Examples of suitable fluid-loss cells are Baroid HPHT Filter Press Part Number 38700 and Chandler Engineering Model 4214. This information is given for the convenience of users of this part of ISO 13503 and does
42、 not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products. EN ISO 13503-4:2006 4 Key 1 O-ring seal 2 stem/valve 3 top cap 4 O-ring seal 5 backup ring 6 cell body 7 set screw 8 filter-paper assembly or synthetic core 9 bottom cap 10 seal mechanism 11 natural core aAssembly fluid-loss cell, 175 ml, 12 4
43、00 kPa (1 800 psi), 303 SS. bNatural core. cSynthetic core or filter-paper assembly. Figure 1 Typical 175 ml fluid-loss cell EN ISO 13503-4:2006 5Key 1 O-ring seal 2 stem/valve 3 bottom cap 4 O-ring seal 5 cell body 6 set screw 7 filter-paper assembly or synthetic core 8 seal mechanism 9 natural cor
44、e aAssembly fluid-loss cell, 500 ml, 12 400 kPa (1 800 psi), 303 SS. bNatural core. cSynthetic core or filter-paper assembly. Figure 2 Typical 500 ml fluid-loss cell The type of fluid-loss cell is not specified. However, the fluid-loss cell should permit use of filter paper, natural- or synthetic-co
45、re samples as the filter medium. It shall be further equipped with a back-pressure receiver to be used when the test temperature exceeds the boiling point of the filtrate. Both the fluid-loss cell and back-pressure receiver shall have operating limits of at least 10 342 kPa (1 500 psi) and 121 C (25
46、0 F). The test core or filter medium shall be mounted within the cell in such a way that fluid cannot bypass the core or filter medium. A schematic diagram of fluid-loss apparatus is shown in Figure 3. EN ISO 13503-4:2006 6 Key 1 pressurizing valve 2 fluid-loss cell 3 heating source 4 sample fluid 5
47、 porous medium 6 filtrate valve 7 back-pressure receiver, optional 8 filtrate collector Figure 3 Static fluid loss schematic 6.2 Core 6.2.1 Selection A core sample with permeability and porosity similar to that of the formation to be treated is preferred (formation core may be used). The core shall
48、be 2,54 cm (1,0 in) long and 2,54 cm (1,0 in) in diameter. Permeability of the core to air shall be determined. A synthetic, porous filter medium with physical properties similar to natural rock may also be used. 6.2.2 Preparation The core shall be saturated with the base fluid or synthetic formatio
49、n fluid (examples are 2 % by mass KCl or 4 % by mass NH4Cl). In case of unknown formation fluid, the core shall be saturated with a non-sensitive brine solution that doesnt react with the matrix mineralogy. EN ISO 13503-4:2006 77 Operational procedure 7.1 Assembly There are three procedures to assemble fluid-loss cells depending on the porous medium. These procedures are described below. 7.1.1 Filter-paper medium Place the spacer at the bottom of the cup and a 38 m (400 US mesh) screen on
