1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58materials Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants The European Sta
2、ndard EN ISO 13503-5:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 75.100Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 13503-5:2006BS EN ISO 13503-5:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31
3、July 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48447 5Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility
4、 of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Sum
5、mary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 25 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
6、Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interes
7、ts informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 13503-5:2006. It is identical with ISO 13503-5:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Te
8、chnical Committee PSE/17, Materials and equipment for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, to Subcommittee PSE/17/-/3, Drilling and completion fluids and well cements, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NOR
9、MEN ISO 13503-5July 2006ICS 75.100English VersionPetroleum and natural gas industries - Completion fluids andmaterials - Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-termconductivity of proppants (ISO 13503-5:2006)Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides decompltion et matriaux - Partie 5: Mode
10、s opratoires pourmesurer la conductivit long terme des agents desoutnement (ISO 13503-5:2006)Erdl- und Erdgasindustrie - Komplettierungsflssigkeitenund Materialien - Teil 5: Verfahren zur Messung derLangzeitleitfhigkeit von Sttzmaterialien (ISO 13503-5:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN
11、 on 24 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be
12、 obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central S
13、ecretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po
14、rtugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
15、reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 13503-5:2006: EForeword This document (EN ISO 13503-5:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries“ in collaboration with Technical Committee
16、CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the l
17、atest by January 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czec
18、h Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13503-5:2006 h
19、as been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13503-5:2006 without any modifications. EN ISO 13503-5:2006Reference numberISO 13503-5:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO13503-5First edition2006-07-01Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term
20、conductivity of proppants Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Fluides de compltion et matriaux Partie 5: Modes opratoires pour mesurer la conductivit long terme des agents de soutnement EN ISO 13503-5:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative reference . 1 3 Terms
21、 and definitions. 1 4 Abbreviations 2 5 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity . 2 5.1 Objective 2 5.2 Discussion. 2 6 Reagents and materials . 3 6.1 Test fluid 3 6.2 Sandstone 3 7 Long-term conductivity test apparatus 3 7.1 Test unit . 3 7.2 Hydraulic load frame 3 7.3 Pack w
22、idth measurement device(s) 3 7.4 Test fluid drive system. 3 7.5 Differential pressure transducers . 4 7.6 Back-pressure regulators 4 7.7 Balance 4 7.8 Oxygen removal 4 7.9 Temperature control. 4 7.10 Silica saturation and monitoring. 5 8 Equipment calibration 5 8.1 Pressure indicators and flow rates
23、. 5 8.2 Zero pack width measurement 5 8.3 Determination of cell width 6 8.4 Hydraulic load frame 6 9 Leak tests 6 9.1 Hydraulic load frame 6 9.2 Test fluid system. 6 10 Procedure for loading the cells . 6 10.1 Preparation of the test unit 6 10.2 Cell setup. 7 11 Loading cell(s) in the press . 9 12 A
24、cquiring data. 9 13 Calculation of permeability and conductivity 10 14 Data reporting . 11 Annex A (informative) Conversion factors 12 Annex B (normative) Silica-saturation vessel setup 13 Annex C (informative) Figures 15 Bibliography . 24 EN ISO 13503-5:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organi
25、zation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establishe
26、d has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
27、International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pub
28、lication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
29、 rights. ISO 13503-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials. equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. ISO 13503 consists of the following parts, under the general
30、title Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials: Part 1: Measurement of viscous properties of completion fluids Part 2: Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations Part 3: Testing of heavy brines Part 4: Procedure for m
31、easuring stimulation and gravelpack fluid leakoff under static conditions Part 5: Procedures for measuring the long-term conductivity of proppants EN ISO 13503-5:2006vIntroduction This part of ISO 13503 is largely based on API RP 611. Informative references are also included in the Biblography, Refe
32、rences 2 to 15. The tests and test apparatus herein have been developed to establish standard procedures and conditions for use in evaluating the long-term conductivity of various hydraulic fracture proppant materials under laboratory conditions. This procedure enables users to compare the conductiv
33、ity characteristics under the specifically described test conditions. The test results can aid users in comparing proppant materials for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. The procedures presented in this publication are not intended to inhibit the development of new technology, materials impro
34、vements, or improved operational procedures. Qualified engineering analysis and sound judgment is required for their application to fit a specific situation. This part of ISO 13503 may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by ISO and API to ensure the accuracy and reliabili
35、ty of the data contained in it. However, ISO and API make no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this part of ISO 13503, and hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or munici
36、pal regulation with which this part of ISO may conflict. In this part of ISO 13503, where practical, U.S. customary units are included in parentheses for information. EN ISO 13503-5:2006blank1Petroleum and natural gas industries Completion fluids and materials Part 5: Procedures for measuring the lo
37、ng-term conductivity of proppants CAUTION The testing procedures in this part of ISO 13503 are not designed to provide absolute values of proppant conductivity under downhole reservoir conditions. Long-term test data have shown that time, elevated temperatures, fracturing fluid residues, cyclic stre
38、ss loading, embedment, formation fines and other factors further reduce fracture proppant pack conductivity. Also, this reference test is designed to measure only the frictional energy losses corresponding to laminar flow within a pack. It is recognized that fluid velocity within an actual fracture
39、can be significantly higher than in these laboratory tests, and can be dominated by inertial effects. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13503 provides standard testing procedures for evaluating proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. NOTE The “proppants” mentioned henceforth in
40、this part of ISO 13503 refer to sand, ceramic media, resin-coated proppants, gravel packing media, and other materials used for hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. The objective of this part of ISO 13503 is to provide consistent methodology for testing performed on hydraulic-fracturi
41、ng and/or gravel-packing proppants. It is not intended for use in obtaining absolute values of proppant pack conductivities under downhole reservoir conditions. 2 Normative reference The following referenced document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only t
42、he edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3506-1, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 conductivity width of the
43、 fracture multiplied by the permeability of the proppant pack 3.2 laminar flow type of streamlined flow for single-phase fluids in which the fluid moves in parallel layers, or laminae, such that the layers flow smoothly over each other with instabilities being dampened by the viscosity EN ISO 13503-
44、5:20062 3.3 Ohio sandstone fine-grained sandstone found in the United States from the Scioto Formation in southern Ohio 3.4 permeability a measure of the ability of media to transmit fluid through pore spaces 4 Abbreviations API American Petroleum Institute ASTM American Society for Testing and Mate
45、rials RTV Room temperature vulcanizing ANSI American National Standards Institute PID Proportional-integral device 5 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity 5.1 Objective The objective is to establish a standard test procedure, using a standard apparatus, under standard test c
46、onditions to evaluate the long-term conductivity of proppants under laboratory conditions. This procedure is used to evaluate the conductivity of proppants under laboratory conditions but is not intended for use in obtaining absolute values of proppant pack conductivities under downhole reservoir co
47、nditions. The effects of fines, formation hardness, resident fluids, time, and/or other factors are beyond the scope of this procedure. 5.2 Discussion In this part of ISO 13503 procedure, a closure stress is applied across a test unit for 50 h 2 h to allow the proppant sample bed to reach a semi-ste
48、ady state condition. As the fluid is forced through the proppant bed, the proppant pack width, differential pressure, temperature and flow rates are measured at each stress level. Proppant pack permeability and conductivity are calculated. Multiple flow rates are used to verify the performance of th
49、e transducers, and to determine darcy flow regime at each stress; an average of the data at these flow rates is reported. A minimum pressure drop of 0,01 kPa (0,002 0 psi) is recommended; otherwise, flow rates shall be increased. At stipulated flow rates and temperature conditions, no appreciable non-darcy flow or inertial effects are encountered. After completing the rates at a closure stress level in all cells, the closure stress is increased to a new level; 50 h 2 h is allowed f
