1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 13793:2001 The
2、European Standard EN ISO 13793:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.120.10; 93.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Thermal performance of buildings Thermal design of foundations to avoid frost heaveThis British Standard, having been prepared under t
3、he direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 2001 BSI 05-2001 ISBN 0 580 36063 6 BS EN ISO 13793:2001 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword
4、This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 13793:2001. It is identical with ISO 13793:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/540, Energy performance of materials, components and buildings, to Subcommittee B/540/1, European S
5、tandards for thermal insulation, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and Euro
6、pean developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to internat
7、ional publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility
8、 of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligation
9、s. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 48, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN
10、ISO13793 March2001 ICS91.020;91.120.00 Englishversion ThermalperformanceofbuildingsThermaldesignof foundationstoavoidfrostheave(ISO13793:2001) PerformancethermiquedesbtimentsConception thermiquedesfondationspourviterlespoussesduesau gel(ISO13793:2001) WrmetechnischesVerhaltenvonGebuden Wrmetechnisch
11、eBemessungvonGebudegrndungen zurVermeidungvonFrosthebung(ISO13793:2001) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon7July2000. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatel
12、istsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguage
13、andnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMIT
14、TEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2001CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO13793:2001EPage2 ENISO13793:2001 Contents page Foreword 3 Introductio
15、n 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Definitions,symbolsandunits 6 4 Designprinciples 9 5 Materialproperties 10 6 Climaticdata 11 7 Foundationdepthgreaterthanfrostdepthinundisturbedground 12 8 Slabongroundfloorsforheatedbuildings 13 9 Suspendedfloorsforheatedbuildings 21 10 Unheatedbuildings 26 A
16、nnexA(normative)Definitionandcalculationoffreezingindex 30 AnnexB(normative)Numericalcalculations 34 AnnexC(normative)Designdataforslabongroundfloorsbasedon0Ccriterion 38 AnnexD(informative)Frostsusceptibilityoftheground 41 AnnexE(informative)Workedexamples 43 AnnexZA(normative)Normativereferencesto
17、InternationalStandardsand correspondingEuropeanpublications 46 AnnexZB(informative)InformativereferencestoInternationalStandardsand correspondingEuropeanpublications 47 Bibliography 48Page3 ENISO13793:2001 Foreword ThetextofENISO13793:2001hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC 89 “Thermal perform
18、anceofbuildingsandbuildingcomponents “,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbySIS , in collaborationwithTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC163 “Thermalinsulation “. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofan identicaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbySeptember2001,andconflictingn
19、ationalstandardsshall bewithdrawnatthelatestbySeptember2001. ReferencestoInternationalStandardsthathavealsobeenpublishedasEuropeanStandardsaregivenin normativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisEuropeanStandard. AnnexesA,BandCformanintegralpartofISO13793.AnnexesDandEareforinformationonly. Accordingt
20、otheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthe followingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic, Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway, Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedK
21、ingdom.Page4 ENISO13793:2001 Introduction Frostheaveisthedeformationofabuildingduetoicelensesinthegroundbelowit,whichcanoccur whensoilfreezesunderthefoundationsorotherstructuralmembersincontactwiththesoil.Thisis relevanttothedesignofbuildingfoundationsinclimateswherethedepthofpenetrationoffrostintot
22、he groundmayexceedtheminimumfoundationdepthnecessaryforstructuralreasons. Notalltypesofsoilaresusceptibletofrostheave(thisisdiscussedinannexD). Theriskoffrostheavecanbeavoidedinvariousways.Oneistohavefoundationsdeepenoughsoasto bebelowthefrostpenetrationdepth.Thus,specialdesignproceduresforfrostheav
23、earenotnecessary forbuildingswithbasementsextendingmorethanthefrostpenetrationdepthbelowgroundlevel(except toensuretheuseofsuitablebackfillmaterialthatwillnotadfreezetothebasementwall). Anotherpossibilityistoremovethefrostsusceptiblesoildowntoadepthbelowthefrostpenetration depth,andreplaceitwithmate
24、rialthatisnonsusceptibletofrostbeforeconstructingthefoundations. Athirdoptionistoinsulatethefoundationssoastoavoidfrostpenetratingbelowthefoundations.Incold climatesthelatteroptionisfrequentlythemosteconomicasitallowsshallowerfoundations,andthis standardgivesmethodsfordeterminingthewidth,depth,therm
25、alresistanceandplacementofinsulation inthefoundationregioninordertoreducetheriskoffrostheavetoanegligiblelevel. Inunheatedbuildingstheheatavailablefromthebuildingitselfislessthanwithheatedbuildings,and moreperimeterinsulationisneededtoprotectthefoundations. Theproceduresinthisstandardareessentiallyt
26、hosethathavebeenusedintheNordiccountriesover manyyears,andhavebeenfoundtobesatisfactoryinpracticeinpreventingfrostheave.Theyarebased ontheresultsofdynamiccomputercalculations,whichtookaccountoftheannualtemperaturecycle,the heatcapacityoftheground,thelatentheatoffreezingofwater,etc.,andwhichhavebeenv
27、alidatedby experimentaldatafromactualconstructions. Thestandardisconcernedwithensuringthatthegroundbelowthefoundation(iffrostsusceptible)does notbecomefrozen.Inpermafrostareas(annualaveragetemperaturelessthan0C),theappropriate designmay,bycontrast,bebasedonmaintainingthegroundfullyfrozenforthewholey
28、ear.Thatinvolves quitedifferentsolutionsthatarenotconsideredinthisstandard.Page5 ENISO13793:2001 1 Scope Thisstandardgivessimplifiedproceduresforthethermaldesignofbuildingfoundationssoastoavoidthe occurrenceoffrostheave. Itappliestofoundationsonfrostsusceptibleground,andincludesbuildingswithbothslab
29、onground floorsandsuspendedfloors. Itcoversheatedandunheatedbuildings,butothersituationsrequiringfrostprotection(forexampleroads, waterpipesintheground)arenotincluded. Thestandardisnotapplicabletocoldstoresandicerinks. Thestandardappliesinclimateswheretheannualaverageairtemperatureisabove0C,butdoesn
30、ot applyinpermafrostareaswheretheannualaverageairtemperatureisbelow0C. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporates,bydatedorundatedreferences,provisionsfromother publications.Thesenormativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthe publicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordatedrefer
31、ences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyof thesepublicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentor revision.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionsofthepublicationreferredtoapplies(including amendments). ISO6946 BuildingcomponentsandbuildingelementsThermalresistanceandth
32、ermal transmittanceCalculationmethod ISO7345 ThermalinsulationPhysicalquantitiesanddefinitions ISO102111 ThermalbridgesinbuildingconstructionHeatflowsandsurfacetemperatures Part1:Generalcalculationmethods ISO10456 BuildingmaterialsandproductsProceduresfordeterminingdeclaredanddesign thermalvaluesPag
33、e6 ENISO13793:2001 3 Definitions,symbolsandunits 3.1 Termsanddefinitions Forthepurposesofthisstandard,thetermsanddefinitionsinISO7345andthefollowingapply. 3.1.1 slabongroundfloor floorconstructiondirectlyonthegroundoveritswholearea 3.1.2 suspendedfloor floorconstructioninwhichthefloorisheldoffthegro
34、und,resultinginanairvoidbetweenthefloorand theground NOTEThisairvoid,alsocalledunderfloorspaceorcrawlspace,maybeventilatedor unventilated,anddoesnotformpartofthehabitablespace. 3.1.3 verticaledgeinsulation insulationplacedverticallyagainstthefoundationinternallyand/orexternally,orwithinthefoundation
35、itself 3.1.4 groundinsulation insulationplacedhorizontally(ornearlyso)belowground,externaltothebuilding NOTESeeFigure1. 3.1.5 freezingindex 24timesthesumofthedifferencebetween0Canddailymeanexternalairtemperature,accumulatedon adailybasisoverthefreezingseason(includingbothpositiveandnegativedifferenc
36、es) 3.1.6freezingseason periodduringwhichthemeandailyexternalairtemperatureremainslessthan0C,togetherwithany freezing/thawingperiodsateitherendofthisperiodiftheyresultinnetfreezing 3.1.7 frostdepth depthofpenetrationoffrostintotheground 3.1.8 foundationdepth depthoffoundationbelowtheoutsidegroundlev
37、el NOTEIfthefoundationsareputonalayerofwelldrainedmaterialthatisnonsusceptibleto frost,thethicknessofsuchalayermaybeincludedinthefoundationdepth.Page7 ENISO13793:2001 3.1.9 frostsusceptiblesoil soilofatypewhichmaycausefrostheaveforceswhenfrozenaspartoftheground 3.1.10 floorinsulationposition heighto
38、flowersurfaceofthefloorinsulationlayeraboveexternalgroundsurface NOTEIfthereisnoinsulationinthefloorthisquantityismeasuredfromthefloorsurface. 3.2 Symbolsandunits Thefollowingisalistoftheprincipalsymbolsused.Othersymbolsaredefinedwheretheyareusedwithin thetext. Symbol Quantity Unit B width(smallerdi
39、mension)ofbuilding m b g widthofgroundinsulation,measuredfromouterlimitoffooting m b gc widthofgroundinsulationatcorner m b gw widthofgroundinsulationalongwall m F d designfreezingindex Kh F n freezingindexwhichstatisticallyisexceededonceinaperiodof nyears Kh H 0 maximumfrostdepthinundisturbed,snowf
40、reeground m H f foundationdepthforwalls m H fc foundationdepthforcorners m H v depthofverticaledgeinsulation m h floorinsulationposition m L c lengthofcornerinsulation(measuredalongexternalsurfaceofwall) m R f thermalresistanceoffloorconstruction (averagevalueovertheouter1moffloor) mK/W R v thermalr
41、esistanceofverticaledgeinsulation mK/W R g thermalresistanceofgroundinsulation mK/W R gc thermalresistanceofgroundinsulationatcorner mK/W R gw thermalresistanceofgroundinsulationalongwall mK/W e annualaverageexternalairtemperature C i,m averageinternalairtemperatureinmonth m CPage8 ENISO13793:2001 a
42、) Lightweightconcretefoundationwallwith groundinsulation b) Floorslabwithedgebeam c) Concretefoundationwallwithground insulationandinternalverticaledgeinsulation d) Concretefoundationwallwithexternal verticaledgeinsulation e) Raftconstructionwithgroundinsulation andverticaledgeinsulation f) Raftcons
43、tructionoverabedofcrushedstones (h0inthiscase,soisnotconsidered) Key 1 Groundinsulation 2 Verticaledgeinsulation 3 Nonfrostsusceptiblesoil 4 Bedofcrushstonesventilatedfrominside NOTETheseareillustrationstoshowthermalprinciplesandshouldnotbeconsideredasconstructional details. Figure1Examplesofvertica
44、ledgeinsulationandgroundinsulationinfoundationstructuresPage9 ENISO13793:2001 4 Designprinciples Soilisfullyfrozenwhenallthewaterinitisfrozen.Thisisassumedtohaveoccurredwhenthe temperatureofthesoilreaches1C(seeannexD).Thedatagiveninclauses8to10applywhenthe foundationsaretobedesignedsothatnofullyfrozensoiloccursbelowthefoundationduringthedesign winter.Alternativedatabasedonacriterionof0Careg
