1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 14881:2005 Integrated optics Interfaces Parameters relevant to coupling properties The European Standard EN ISO 14881:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 31.260 BS EN ISO 14881:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy a
2、nd Strategy Committee on 7 April 2005 BSI 7 April 2005 ISBN 0 580 45732 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 14881:2005. It is identical with ISO 14881:2001. It supersedes BS ISO 14881:2001 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its prepar
3、ation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/172, Optics optical instruments, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publica
4、tions referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the neces
5、sary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the inter
6、pretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title pag
7、e, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO14881
8、 March2005 ICS31.260 Englishversion IntegratedopticsInterfacesParametersrelevanttocoupling properties(ISO14881:2001) OptiqueintgreInterfacesParamtrescaractrisantles propritsdecouplage(ISO14881:2001) IntegrierteOptikSchnittstellenKopplungsrelevante Parameter(ISO14881:2001) ThisEuropeanStandardwasappr
9、ovedbyCENon7February2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtoth
10、eCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethena
11、tionalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZAT
12、ION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO14881:2005:EI NESO 41:1882005 (E) 2 Foreword The text of ISO 14881:2001 has been prepar
13、ed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172 “Optics and optical instruments“ of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14881:2005 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 123 “Lasers and laser-related equipment“ the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European
14、 Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nat
15、ional standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, P
16、ortugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14881:2001 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14881:2005 without any modifications. ENISO14881:2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14881 First edition 2001-06-15 Reference number ISO 14881:2001(
17、E) OSI 2001 Integrated optics Interfaces Parameters relevant to coupling properties Optique intgre Interfaces Paramtres caractrisant les proprits de couplage ENISO14881:2005ISO :18841(1002)E ii ISO 1002 All rithgs rreseved DPF discliamer This FDP feli amy ctnonia ededdebm tyfep.seca In aroccecnad ti
18、wh Asebod gnisnecil ycilop, thsi feli may be pritnde ro eivwde but sllah ton eb tideed sselnu teh tyfepseca hwich are mededdeb era licdesne to dna tsniladel on teh moctupre epfrromign the ideti.gn In odgnidaolnw this file, raptise ccatpe trehien teh serilibisnopty fo ton fnirignign sebodA gnisnecil
19、ilopcy. The ISO tneCral Sceterarita catpecs no libaility in this aera. ebodA si a trmedarak of Adebo Stsysme Irocntarop.de teDails of teh fostware prtcudos desu to crtaee tsih PFD feli nac be fdnuo ni the Glarene Info talerive to the f;eli teh PDF-taercnoi rapmateers weer tpodezimi for pritn.gni vEr
20、ey cera sah eebn tkane to rusnee ttah the feli is tiusbael for ues by ISO mrebme seidob. In teh kilnuley evtne ttah a pborlme talerign to ti si f,dnuo saelpe ifnrom teh tneClar Stercearita ta the serddas givne olebw. ISO 1002 llA rithgs rresev.de Unless torehiwse sficep,dei on rapt of tihs buptacili
21、on may be rperdecudo ro tuilidez in any form ro by nay m,snae ele-c trinoc or m,lacinahce gnidulcni tohppocoyign dna cimrfo,mli tiwtuoh repminoiss ni rwitgni fmor eitreh ISO at teh serddas olebw ro ISOs mme- ebr ydob in the cuotnry fo the rtseuqeer. ISO cporythgi fofiec esaC tsopael 65 1121-HC Genev
22、a 02 Te.l + 41 22 947 10 11 Fax + 14 22 479 09 47 E-liam copyrightsio.ch Web wwwsi.oc.h Prdetni in Sztiwerldna ENISO14881:2005ISO 88411002:1)E( ISO 1002 All rithgs rreseved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (I
23、SO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gov
24、ernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
25、 Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
26、he elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 14881 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and optical instruments, Subcommittee SC 9, Electro
27、-optical systems. ENISO14881:2005blank 5002:18841OSINEANRETNIITOLAN TSDNADRA ISO 88411002:1)E( ISO 1002 All rithgs rreseved 1 Integrated optics Interfaces Parameters relevant to coupling properties 1 Scope This International Standard defines the relevant properties for coupling light into and out of
28、 integrated optical chips (IOC) and chips with optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEIC). This International Standard is limited to butt coupling via the waveguide endfaces. The definitions provide the basis for specifying the elements to be coupled (e. g. fibres, integrated optical chips) related t
29、o coupling properties. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. How
30、ever, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and
31、 IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4288:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture. ISO 11807-1: 1) , Integrated optics Vocabulary Part 1: Basic terms and symbols. ISO
32、11807-2, Integrated optics Vocabulary Part 2: Terms used in classification. IEC 60793-1-2:1995, Optical fibres Part 1: Generic specification Section 2: Measuring methods for dimensions. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11
33、807-1: and ISO 11807-2 and the following apply. 3.1 anti-reflective coating of endfaces thin surface coating designed to reduce the Fresnel loss 3.2 alignment structure precise mechanical structure to enable coupling of optical and electro-optical elements without the need for adjustment EXAMPLE Ele
34、ments coupled may include optical fibres, fibre arrays, detectors, lasers, LEDs, integrated optical chips. 3.3 array block mechanical alignment structure of micrometre or submicrometre precision for the reception of optical fibres 1) To be published. ENISO14881:2005ISO :18841(1002)E 2 ISO 1002 All r
35、ithgs rreseved NOTE 1 The alignment structures, which are generally arranged in a regular pattern, determine the position of the fibres with respect to each other. These positions are defined by the fibres cladding diameter and the geometry of the alignment structures. NOTE 2 An array block may have
36、 additional guiding structures for the alignment of the array with an integrated optical chip (see e. g. V-groove array). 3.4 V-groove array array block structured with a number of V-grooves, generally equally spaced, with identical geometric dimensions NOTE A silicon-V-groove array is commonly manu
37、factured by anisotropically etching a silicon substrate. The angles of the silicon-V-grooves are well defined by the crystal orientation and the etching process. 3.5 fibre array array block with inserted and fixed optical fibres, in which the fibre endfaces lie in one plane 3.6 fibre array coupling
38、coupling that connects several optical fibres simultaneously with several corresponding waveguide endfaces NOTE The fibres are already adjusted and fixed with respect to each other by the array block. The pitch of the array corresponds to the pitch of the integrated optical chip. The kind of adjustm
39、ent between the fibre array and the integrated optical chip and the kind of fixation depends on the type of the fibre array. 3.7 fibre arrays coupling deviation difference between maximum and minimum coupling losses of the single fibres of a fibre array 3.8 butt coupling coupling of two waveguides w
40、ith their endfaces in contact or nearly in contact 3.9 chip edge edge formed by the chip surface and the chip endface 3.10 chip endface chip-limiting plane, which contains the optical interface(s) 3.11 chip surface plane parallel and closest to the plane of the waveguide(s) 3.12 coupling efficiency
41、ratio of the optical power coupled into the endface of an optical element (e. g. fibre endface or chip endface) to the emitted optical power at the output endface of the element where is the power in optical element at the input endface; is the power in optical element at the output endface. j i = P
42、 m,j P l,i , P m,j P l,i P m,j j P l,i i ENISO14881:2005ISO 88411002:1)E( ISO 1002 All rithgs rreseved 3 3.13 coupling loss loss of optical power obtained when the light is coupled from output endface of one optical element (e. g. fibre endface or chip endface) into the endface of another element on
43、 a logarithmic scale where is the power in optical element at the input endface; is the power in optical element at the output endface. ISO 11807-1:, 5.5.4.7 NOTE 1 Coupling losses can be induced by e. g. radial, axial or angular misalignment or unmatched modefields. The coupling loss is the logarit
44、hmic value of the coupling efficiency. NOTE 2 Coupling loss is expressed in decibels. 3.14 Fresnel loss loss caused by reflections at the interface of two media with different refractive indices 3.15 index matching interfacial layer in order to reduce Fresnel losses by matching the refractive indice
45、s , and of two media (e. g. quarter-wave layer) 3.16 transformer optical coating with a thickness of for reducing the Fresnel loss by index matching, where is the refractive index of the coating NOTE (see 3.15). 3.17 optical axis line connecting the centroids defined by the first spatial moment of t
46、he cross-sectional profile of the power density distribution of the guided wave at successive positions in the direction of propagation of the wave 3.18 pitch distance between the centres of adjacent fibres or waveguides, which may vary across and with direction NOTE , are defined as pitch in the -,
47、 -direction, respectively. 3.19 reference mark mark used as reference in alignment of optical components 3.20 reflective coating of endface coating of the waveguide endface applied and designed to obtain a desired reflectance c i j c =10 log (P m,j =P l,i ) P m,j j P l,i i n 1 n 2 = 4 = (4n S ) n S
48、= p n 1 n 2 P P x P y xy ENISO14881:2005ISO :18841(1002)E 4 ISO 1002 All rithgs rreseved 3.21 single-fibre coupling coupling technique in which each optical fibre is adjusted and attached individually to the corresponding waveguide of the integrated optical chip 3.22 waveguide endface area of the chip endface which is determined by the end of the waveguide 4 Properties relevant for coupling 4.1 General In the following, the characteristics, reference systems, classes for to
