1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16198:2015Soil quality Plant-based testto assess the environmentalbioavailability of traceelements to plantsBS EN ISO 16198:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO16198:2015.The UK participation in its preparat
2、ion was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Br
3、itish Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 72769 6ICS 13.080.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Janua
4、ry 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16198 January 2015 ICS 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality - Plant-based test to assess the environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants (ISO 16198:2015) Qualit du so
5、l - Test vgtal pour lvaluation de la biodisponibilit environnementale des lments traces pour les vgtaux (ISO 16198:2015) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Pflanzenbasierter Test zur Beurteilung der umweltrelevanten Bioverfgbarkeit von Spurenelementen fr Pflanzen (ISO 16198:2015) This European Standard was appro
6、ved by CEN on 24 October 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
7、 standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language
8、and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hun
9、gary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CEN
10、ELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16198:2015 EBS EN ISO 16198:2015EN ISO 16198:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 16198:2015) has been prepared
11、 by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endors
12、ement, at the latest by July 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying
13、any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Rep
14、ublic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16198:2015 has been a
15、pproved by CEN as EN ISO 16198:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16198:2015ISO 16198:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principle 35 Laboratory apparatus . 56 Reagents 56.1 General . 57
16、Biological and growing apparatus 67.1 Plant species 67.2 Biotest apparatus 67.3 Composition of the nutrient solutions 97.4 Climatic conditions in the growth chamber 108 Pre-treatment and analysis of soil or soil material sample 108.1 Sample size and particle size reduction . 108.2 Analyses . 109 Exp
17、erimental and analytical procedure .119.1 Overview of the procedure 119.2 Selection and preparation of seeds 119.3 Preculture period: Germination and pre-growth in hydroponics 119.4 Preparation and incubation of soil or soil material .129.5 Test culture period: Plant growth in contact with soil or s
18、oil material 129.6 Plant harvests 139.7 Grinding and digestion of shoots and roots 139.8 Analytical determination. 1410 Validity criteria .1411 Assessment of the results .1411.1 Determination of trace element concentrations and uptake flux in plants .1411.2 Data presentation 1611.3 Expression of the
19、 results . 1612 Statistical analysis 1612.1 General 1612.2 Plant biomasses . 1612.3 Bioavailability end points . 1713 Test report 17Annex A (informative) Plant species adapted to the biotest procedure .19Annex B (informative) Technical drawings of the different components of the biotest 21Annex C (i
20、nformative) Seed selection and seed density in plant pot for a range of species tested with the standardized experimental procedure 24Annex D (informative) Digestion and analysis of plant samples 26Annex E (informative) Range of biomasses and trace element quantities in control plant pots 28Annex F
21、(informative) Ring-test .29Bibliography .43BS EN ISO 16198:2015ISO 16198:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through I
22、SO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
23、closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criter
24、ia needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p
25、atent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name us
26、ed in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Ba
27、rriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 7, Soil and site assessment.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16198:2015ISO 16198:2015(E)IntroductionOne of the main object
28、ives of ISO 17402 is to define a conceptual framework of the bioavailability of contaminants in soils and soil materials, and to provide a guidance for the selection of methods able to be standardized for the measurement of bioavailability. Bioavailability was thus defined according to three success
29、ive steps:a) “environmental availability”;b) “environmental bioavailability”;c) “toxicological bioavailability”.The environmental bioavailability is consequently a prerequisite to the assessment of the toxicological bioavailability and is directly related to the impact of pollutants on major functio
30、ns of soil in the ecosystem and more particularly to habitat and retention functions.Environmental bioavailability can be estimated with either chemical or biological methods. In the case of trace elements, chemical methods are usually the cheapest, easy to perform, and some of them are already stan
31、dardized at national or international level (e.g. ISO 19730). However, chemical methods which, strictly speaking, measure the environmental availability in soils have to be correlated with biological measurements before being used as indicators of environmental bioavailability. Whatever chemical met
32、hods are employed, none are designed per se to address the diversity of responses observed among different plant species or cultivars which can be attributed to a) the uptake behaviour of plants (i.e. sensitive, tolerant, accumulator, or hyper-accumulator of trace elements) and/or b) the ability of
33、plants to alter the biological, physical and physical-chemical properties of their “bio-influenced zone” at the soil-root interface, i.e. the so-called rhizosphere. It could alternatively, be suggested to apply chemical methods directly to the rhizosphere but the sampling of the rhizosphere is defin
34、itely too tedious to be applied routinely.For biological methods, four standardized biotests account for rhizosphere processes as they are based on soil-grown plants (ISO 11269-1, ISO 11269-2, ISO 17126, and ISO 22030). However, these were only designed to predict trace element phytotoxicity, i.e. t
35、he toxicological bioavailability. In these biotests, roots grow directly in the soil, therefore requiring a tedious washing procedure to reliably measure trace elements accumulated in the roots. Indeed, the amount of trace elements accumulated in shoots of non-accumulator plant species is not suffic
36、iently sensitive to be used for assessing the environmental bioavailability of trace elements compared to the amount accumulated in the whole plant, roots included. Thus, there is still a need to develop biological methods accounting for rhizosphere processes and enabling to include the root compart
37、ment in order to properly estimate the environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants.Consequently, the present International Standard introduces a biotest based on the growing of roots in contact with the soil but without penetrating it. Although this experimental design is partly artifi
38、cial, it enables a fair comparison of the bioavailability of trace elements between tested soils. In addition, the end point measured can be more directly related to the measurement of the environmental availability than any end point based on the measurement of toxicity. ISO 2015 All rights reserve
39、d vBS EN ISO 16198:2015BS EN ISO 16198:2015Soil quality Plant-based test to assess the environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the plant-based test, hereafter called the biotest. It enables estimation of the environmental bioavailability
40、of trace elements to plants either basically as the concentration in shoots and roots or in a more integrative way as the net uptake flux in plants. The biotest procedure includes two successive steps: (i) a pre-growth of plants in hydroponics and (ii) a growth of plants in contact with soil samples
41、. The concentration in shoots and roots as well as the net uptake flux of trace elements in plants are determined at the end of the second step of the biotest procedure.This biotest is applicable to the assessment of environmental bioavailability of trace elements to plants, more particularly to agr
42、icultural plants, in soils or soil materials under oxic conditions, considering that three plant species (cabbage, Brassica oleracea; tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea; tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum; 7.1) are suggested in the standardized biotest procedure, but additional target-plant species can a
43、lso be used (see 7.1, Annex A), and the standardized biotest procedure is validated for a range of trace elements including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), but additional trace elements can also be accounted for (see Annex A
44、).The biotest can be applied to soils and soil materials, including soils amended before or after field sampling with composts, sludges, wastewaters, and other (waste) materials.NOTE 1 This biotest is not designed to assess the environmental bioavailability of trace elements that are prone to volati
45、lisation or resulting from uptake occurring in plant leaves following, e.g. atmospheric fallout.NOTE 2 This biotest is not designed to assess the environmental bioavailability to plants of organic contaminants. A similar experimental procedure could be used but the physical separation between plant
46、roots and soil using a polyamide mesh needs to be adapted to avoid organic contaminant sorption on the mesh.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the editio
47、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methodsISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pHISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and total
48、carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis)ISO 11269-2, Soil quality Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora Part 2: Effects of contaminated soil on the emergence and early growth of higher plantsISO 11277, Soil quality Determination of particle size distribution in mineral so
49、il material Method by sieving and sedimentationISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric methodINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16198:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 16198:2015ISO 16198:2015(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1contaminantsubstance or agent present in the soil as a result of human activitySOURCE: ISO 11074:2005, 3.5.1Note 1 to entry: There is no assumption in this definition that har
