1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16559:2014Solid biofuels Terminology,definitions and descriptions(ISO 16559:2014)BS EN ISO 16559:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO16559:2014. It supersedes BS EN 14588:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK parti
2、cipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for it
3、s correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 74413 6ICS 01.040.75; 27.190; 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStan
4、dards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16559 July 2014 ICS 27.190; 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 14588:2010English Version Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and d
5、escriptions (ISO 16559:2014) Biocombustibles solides - Terminologie, dfinitions et descriptions (ISO 16559:2014) Feste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen (ISO 16559:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 June 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the
6、CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management
7、Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as
8、 the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net
9、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All r
10、ights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16559:2014 EBS EN ISO 16559:2014EN ISO 16559:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 16559:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels“ in collaboration wit
11、h Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be
12、 withdrawn at the latest by January 2015. This document supersedes EN 14588:2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Acco
13、rding to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany
14、, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16559:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16559:2014
15、 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16559:2014ISO 16559:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Principle 14 Terms and definitions . 2Bibliography .32BS EN ISO 16559:2014ISO 16559:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organi
16、zation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establishe
17、d has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.T
18、he procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
19、editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights
20、 identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation o
21、n the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is
22、ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16559:2014ISO 16559:2014(E)IntroductionThis International Standard has been written in accordance with ISO 10241. This International Standard is based on European standard EN 14588:20106as well as on approved national standards and
23、manuals. Some of the terms included in this International Standard are only used in particular countries.In this International Standard instead of the legal definition waste the technical terms residue, and by-product are used to describe co-products from forestry and arboriculture, agriculture and
24、horticulture, and aquaculture as well as related industries. The terms and definitions are harmonized as far as possible with the current language used in management as well as in regulatory activities. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 16559:2014BS EN ISO 16559:2014Solid biofuels Terminology,
25、 definitions and descriptions1 ScopeThis international standard determines the terminology and definitions for solid biofuels. According to the scope of the ISO/TC 238 this standard only includes raw and processed material originating from forestry and arboriculture, agriculture and horticulture, aq
26、uacultureNOTE 1 Raw and processed material includes woody, herbaceous, fruit and aquatic biomass from the sectors mentioned above.NOTE 2 Chemically treated material does not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher
27、than typical values of the country of origin.Materials originating from different recycling processes of end-of-life-products are not within the scope but relevant terms are included for information. Areas covered by ISO/TC28/SC7 “Liquid biofuels” and ISO/TC193 “Natural gas” are excluded.Other stand
28、ards with a different scope than this International Standard may have different definitions than this standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edi
29、tion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.Not applicable.3 PrincipleThis International Standard only contains terms used to describe solid biofuels within the scope of ISO/TC 238, see Figure 1.Figure 1 ISO/TC 238 with
30、in the biomass-biofuel-bioenergy fieldINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16559:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 16559:2014ISO 16559:2014(E)Solid biofuels are produced from different sources, which are defined within the scope of ISO/TC 238 “Solid Biofuels”. Terms and definitions are categoris
31、ed in a logical structure based on the fact that solid biofuels are produced from different sources and that solid biofuels are used to produce bioenergy: origin and source of solid biofuels in the overall supply chain, the different traded forms as well as the different forms of biofuels produced w
32、ithin the preparation processes, the most relevant solid biofuel properties and terms of sampling and testing as well as classification and specification the description of the solid biofuels itself as well as their handling and processing given in the same structure as the biomass sources bioenergy
33、 as the result of solid biofuel conversionAppropriate terms for sampling and testing as well as classification and specification of properties have to be defined and described together with the category source/origin, type and properties of solid biofuels. The necessarity of terms defined in this In
34、ternational Technical Standard is in many cases based on the classification system of solid biofuels given in ISO 17225-1, in which the classification of solid biofuels is specified in more detail.4 Terms and definitions4.1absorptionphenomenon whereby atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or
35、 dissolved solid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid (the absorbent)Note 1 to entry: Adsorption is a surface-based process while absorption involves the whole volume of the material.SOURCE: ISO 18757:20034.2adsorptionphenomenon whereby atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or diss
36、olved solid adheres to a surface whereby the process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbentSOURCE: ISO 18757:20034.3additivematerial which has been intentionally introduced into the fuel feedstock to improve quality of fuel (e.g. combustion properties), to reduce emissions o
37、r to make production more efficientNote 1 to entry: Trace amounts of e.g. grease or other lubricants that are introduced into the fuel processing stream as part of normal mill operations are not considered as additives.SOURCE: ISO 17225-2:20144.4agrofuelsbiofuels obtained from energy crops and/or ag
38、ricultural by-products (agricultural residues)SOURCE: FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET)4.5air driedcondition in which the solid biofuel has dried in air to equilibrium moisture content SOURCE: ISO 1213-2:19922 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16559:2014ISO 16559:2014(E)4.6angle of repose
39、critical angle of reposesteepest angle of descent measured in degrees of the slope of material relative to the horizontal plane when granular material on the slope face is on the verge of slidingNote 1 to entry: The slope may be the convex perimeter of a conical pile on a flat surface.SOURCE: ISO 43
40、24:19774.7angle of drainsteepest angle of descent measured in degrees of the slope of material relative to the horizontal plane when granular material on the slope face is on the verge of slidingNote 1 to entry: When biomass is held in a silo or hopper and drained through a gate at the bottom the ma
41、terial is usually forming a cone within which the material, especially material with high particle aspect ratio such as pellets, partially becomes interlocked before released by the forces of gravity.Note 2 to entry: The angle of drain is normally a few degrees higher than the angle of repose.4.8ani
42、mal biomassbiomass obtained from livestock4.9animal by-productsanimal residuesagricultural by-products (or agricultural residues) obtained from livestock operationsNote 1 to entry: It includes among others solid excreta of animals.SOURCE: EN 14588:20104.10aquatic biomassbiomass from so called hydrop
43、hytic plants or hydrophytes, which are plants that have adapted to living in or on aquatic environmentsSOURCE: ISO 17225-1:20144.11as analyseddetermined basiscondition in which the moisture content of the solid biofuel is the content of the material at the moment of analysis/determinationSOURCE: ISO
44、 1213-2:19924.12as receivedas deliveredarcalculation basis for a material in the delivery stateNote 1 to entry: The abbreviation of as received is ar.SOURCE: ISO 15357:2011 ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 16559:2014ISO 16559:2014(E)4.13ashash contenttotal ashAmass of inorganic residue remain
45、ing after combustion of a fuel under specified conditions, typically expressed as a percentage of the mass of dry matter in fuelNote 1 to entry: See also ash fusibility, natural ash, extraneous ash.Note 2 to entry: Depending on the combustion efficiency the ash may contain combustibles.Note 3 to ent
46、ry: If a complete combustion is realized ash contains only inorganic, non-combustible components.SOURCE: ISO 1213-2:19924.14ash deformation temperatureDTtemperature at which first signs of rounding due to melting of the edges of the ash test piece occurSOURCE: EN 14588:20104.15ash flow temperatureFT
47、temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which is half of the height of the test piece at the ash hemisphere temperature SOURCE: EN 14588:20104.16ash fusibilityash melting behaviourcharacteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under
48、 specific conditionsNote 1 to entry: Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidising or reducing conditions.Note 2 to entry: See also ash deformation temperature, ash flow temperature, ash hemisphere temperature and ash shrinkage starting temperature.SOURCE: EN 14588:20104.17ash hemisphere tempe
49、ratureHTtemperature at which the height of a test piece, prepared from ash by a specific procedure, is equal to half the width of the base, and its shape becomes approximately hemisphericalSOURCE: EN 14588:20104.18ash shrinkage starting temperatureSSTtemperature at which shrinking of the test piece occursNote 1 to entry: This temperature is defined as when the area of the test piece falls below 95 % of the original test piece area at 550C.4.19bag weightweight of the fuel plus the bag4 ISO 2014 All rights reserv
