1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16810:2014Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Generalprinciples (ISO 16810:2012)BS EN ISO 16810:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO16810:2014. It is identical to ISO 16810:2012. It supersedes BS EN58
2、3-1:1999 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovi
3、sions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82686 3ICS 19.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published und
4、er the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16810 March 2014 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 583-1:1998English Version Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testi
5、ng - General principles (ISO 16810:2012) Essais non destructifs - Contrle par ultrasons - Principes gnraux (ISO 16810:2012) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Ultraschallprfung - Allgemeine Grundstze (ISO 16810:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014. CEN members are bound to compl
6、y with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
7、Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the sam
8、e status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
9、 Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 201
10、4 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16810:2014 EBS EN ISO 16810:2014EN ISO 16810:2014 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 16810:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the
11、International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16810:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of a
12、n identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall n
13、ot be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 583-1:1998. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
14、Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey a
15、nd the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16810:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16810:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16810:2014ISO 16810:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Qualification and certificat
16、ion of personnel .2 4 Information required prior to examination2 5 Principles of ultrasonic examination.3 5.1 General .3 5.2 Vibration mode and direction of sound propagation 3 5.3 Transmission technique .3 5.4 Pulse echo technique3 6 Equipment 4 6.1 Ultrasonic instrument .4 6.2 Ultrasonic probes 4
17、6.2.1 Probe selection4 6.2.2 Frequency and dimensions of transducer4 6.2.3 Dead zone.4 6.2.4 Damping .5 6.2.5 Focusing probes5 6.3 Coupling media5 6.4 Calibration blocks .5 6.5 Reference blocks.5 6.6 Specific blocks 6 7 Settings.6 7.1 General settings 6 7.2 Range settings.6 7.3 Amplification7 7.4 Pu
18、lse repetition frequency .7 8 Preparation for examination.7 8.1 Surface preparation.7 8.2 Identification and datum points .7 8.3 Application of transfer correction .7 9 Examination .8 9.1 Examination coverage 8 9.2 Overlap and scanning speed .8 9.2.1 Overlap .8 9.2.2 Scanning speed .8 9.3 Evaluation
19、 and recording levels 8 9.3.1 Pulse echo technique8 9.3.2 Transmission technique .8 10 Characterization of imperfections .8 10.1 Pulse echo technique8 10.2 Transmission techniques .9 11 Examination procedure.912 Examination report.10 Introduction.v BS EN ISO 16810:2014ISO 16810:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 A
20、ll rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a sub
21、ject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (I
22、EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical commit
23、tees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be
24、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16810 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3, Ultrasonic testing. BS EN ISO 16810:2014ISO 16810:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard is b
25、ased on EN 583-1:1998, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 1: General principles. The following International Standards are linked. ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range set
26、ting ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizing of discontinuities IS
27、O 16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities BS EN ISO 16810:2014BS EN ISO 16810:201411 Scope This International Standard defines the general principles required for the ultrasonic examination of indu
28、strial products that permit the transmission of ultrasound. The specific conditions of application and use of ultrasonic examination, which depend on the type of product examined, are described in documents which could include: product standards; specifications; codes; contractual documents; written
29、 procedures. Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents the minimum requirements of this International Standard are applicable. This International Standard does not define: extent of examination and scanning plans; acceptance criteria. 2 Normative references The following referenced doc
30、uments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of personne
31、l ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Specification for c alibration block No. 2 ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing Ultr as
32、onic testing Specification for calibration block No. 1 EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 1: Instruments EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 2: Probe
33、s INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16810:2012(E)Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 2012 All rights reserved BS EN ISO 16810:20142 EN 12668-3, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 3: Combined equipment 3 Qualificat
34、ion and certification of personnel The examination shall be performed by personnel qualified in accordance with ISO 9712. The requirements for qualification and certification shall be specified in the product standards and/or other applicable documents. 4 Information required prior to examination Pr
35、ior to examination the following information shall be available, as applicable: purpose of examination; qualification and certification of personnel; environmental conditions and state of examination object; requirement for a written examination procedure; any special requirements for preparation of
36、 scanning surface; examination volume; examination sensitivity and method of setting-up sensitivity; requirements for evaluation and recording level; acceptance criteria; extent of examination including scanning plan; requirements for a written examination report. ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16
37、810:2012(E) BS EN ISO 16810:201435 Principles of ultrasonic examination 5.1 General An ultrasonic examination is based on propagation of ultrasonic waves through the object to be examined, and monitoring either the transmitted signal (termed the transmission technique), or the signal reflected or di
38、ffracted from any surface or discontinuity (termed the pulse echo technique). Both techniques can employ a single probe acting as both transmitter and receiver, or double (twin) transducer probe, or separate transmitting and receiving probes. Similarly, both techniques can involve intermediate refle
39、ction from one or more surfaces of the object under examination. The examination can be performed manually or by the use of semi-automatic or fully automatic equipment, and can use contact, gap or immersion scanning, or other coupling methods adapted to specific problems. 5.2 Vibration mode and dire
40、ction of sound propagation The most commonly used types of waves are longitudinal and transverse, and these can be propagated either perpendicular, or at an angle, to the test surface. Other types of modes, e.g. Lamb waves or Rayleigh waves can also be used for special applications. The choice of wa
41、ve mode and direction of propagation will depend on the purpose of the examination, and should take into account the specular nature of reflection from planar reflectors. Except when using Lamb waves, the direction of sound propagation, for single probe pulse echo scanning, should be as nearly perpe
42、ndicular to the plane of the reflector as possible. 5.3 Transmission technique This technique is based on measuring the signal attenuation after the passage of an ultrasonic wave through the examination object. The signal used for measurement can be either: a) a backwall echo, or; b) any other signa
43、l transmitted either directly, or after intermediate reflection from the surfaces of the object. Further details of this technique are contained in ISO 16823. 5.4 Pulse echo technique This technique utilizes the reflected or diffracted signal from any interface of interest within the object under ex
44、amination. This signal is characterized by its amplitude and position along the timebase; the latter related to the distance between the reflector and the probe. The location of the reflector is determined from the knowledge of its distance, the direction of sound propagation, and the position of th
45、e probe. It is recommended that the signal amplitude be measured by comparison with either: a) a distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve, or a series of DAC curves, obtained by using artificial reflectors (sidedrilled holes, flat-bottomed holes or notches etc.) within one or more reference blocks;
46、 b) an equivalent reflector diagram (DGS system); c) echoes from suitable notches; or d) echoes from large planar reflectors perpendicular to the acoustic axis (e.g. back wall echo). ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16810:2012(E) BS EN ISO 16810:20144 These techniques are described in ISO 16811. In
47、order to obtain further information about the shape and size of reflectors, other techniques may be used. Such techniques are based, for example on variations in signal amplitude with movement of the probe, measurement of sound path or frequency analysis. 6 Equipment 6.1 Ultrasonic instrument The ul
48、trasonic instrument shall fulfil the requirements of EN 12668-1. 6.2 Ultrasonic probes The probe(s) shall fulfil the requirements of EN 12668-2. 6.2.1 Probe selection The choice of the probe depends on the purpose of the examination and the requirements of the referencing standard or specification.
49、It depends on: the material thickness, shape and surface condition; the type and metallurgical condition of the examined material; the type, position and orientation of imperfections to be identified. The probe parameters listed in clauses 6.2.2, 6.2.3 and 6.2.4 shall be considered in relation to the characteristics of the examination object stated above. 6.2.2 Frequency and dimensions of transducer The frequency and dimensions of a transdu
