1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 17556:2012Plastics Determination of the ultimate aerobic bio-degradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a r e s p i r o m e t e r o r
2、t h e a m o u n t o f carbon dioxide evolvedBS EN ISO 17556:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO17556:2012. It supersedes BS EN ISO 17556:2004 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/
3、21, Testing of plastics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. P
4、ublished by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 70770 4ICS 83.080.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012.Amendments issued since publ
5、icationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 17556 August 2012 ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 17556:2004English Version Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respiromete
6、r or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2012) Plastiques - Dtermination de la biodgradabilit arobie ultime des matriaux plastiques dans le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygne dans un respiromtre ou de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone libr (ISO 17556:2012) Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der
7、vollstndigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit von Kunststoffmaterialien im Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem Respirometer oder der Menge des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with
8、the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Managem
9、ent Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same statu
10、s as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
11、 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of
12、 exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17556:2012: EBS EN ISO 17556:2012EN ISO 17556:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 17556:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in collaboration with Technical Co
13、mmittee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the l
14、atest by February 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 17556:2004. According to the C
15、EN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hung
16、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17556:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 17556:2012 without any
17、 modification. BS EN ISO 17556:2012ISO 17556:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Principle . 35 Test environment . 46 Materials . 47 Apparatus 48 Procedure 48.1 Preparation of the test material
18、. 48.2 Preparation of the reference material 58.3 Preparation of the test soil . 58.4 Start-up and execution of the test 79 Calculation and expression of results . 99.1 Calculation 99.2 Expression and interpretation of results 1010 Validity of results .1011 Test report .10Annex A (informative) Princ
19、iple of a manometric respirometer (example) .12Annex B (informative) Example of a system for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved 13Annex C (informative) Examples of methods for the determination of evolved carbon dioxide 14Annex D (informative) Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) .16Annex E
20、(informative) Example of a determination of the amount and the molecular mass of water-insoluble polymer remaining at the end of a biodegradation test .17Annex F (informative) Examples of long-term tests 18Annex G (informative) Round-robin testing 22Bibliography .26BS EN ISO 17556:2012ISO 17556:2012
21、(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
22、 technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matte
23、rs of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulate
24、d to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible f
25、or identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 17556 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-chemical properties.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17556:2003), which has been technically revised. The main changes are as fol
26、lows:a) the introduction has been revised;b) a definition of the term “total organic carbon” has been added (see 3.14);c) the temperature of the test environment has been changed (see Clause 5);d) the specifications for the analytical instrument for determining the amount of carbon dioxide evolved h
27、ave been revised (see 7.2.3);e) Subclause 8.1 describing the preparation of the test material has been revised;f) Subclause 8.3.1 describing the collection and sieving of soil has been revised;g) the use of a standard soil is now permitted as an alternative to natural soil (see 8.3.2);h) Subclause 8
28、.4 describing the start-up and execution of the test has been revised;i) the test report has been extended (see Clause 11);j) a new annex (Annex F) giving examples of long-term tests has been added;k) a new annex (Annex G) giving the results of round-robin testing has been added.iv ISO 2012 All righ
29、ts reservedBS EN ISO 17556:2012ISO 17556:2012(E)IntroductionA number of plastic materials and products have been designed for applications ending up in or on soil. They have been developed for applications where biodegradation is beneficial from a technical, environmental, social or economic standpo
30、int. Examples can be found in agriculture (e.g. mulching film), horticulture (e.g. twines and clips, flower pots, pins), funeral items (e.g. body bags), recreation (e.g. plastic “clay” pigeons for shooting, hunting cartridges), etc. In many cases, recovery and/or recycling of these plastic items is
31、either difficult or not economically viable. Various types of biodegradable plastics have been developed which have been designed to biodegrade and disappear in situ at the end of their useful life. Several International Standards specify test methods for determining the ultimate aerobic or anaerobi
32、c biodegradation of plastic materials in aqueous or compost conditions. Considering the use and disposal of biodegradable plastics, it is important to establish a test method to determine the ultimate aerobic biodegradation of such plastic materials in soil. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 1
33、7556:2012BS EN ISO 17556:2012Plastics Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolvedWARNING Appropriate precautions should be taken when handling soil because it might contai
34、n potentially pathogenic organisms. Toxic test compounds and those whose properties are unknown should be handled with care.1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a clo
35、sed respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum degree of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity of the test soil.If a non-adapted soil is used as an inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which take place in a natural environ
36、ment; if a pre-exposed soil is used, the method can be used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.This method applies to the following materials: natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures of these; plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticiz
37、ers or colorants; water-soluble polymers.It does not necessarily apply to materials which, under the test conditions, inhibit the activity of the microorganisms present in the soil. Inhibitory effects can be measured using an inhibition control or by another suitable method. If the test material inh
38、ibits the microorganisms in the soil, a lower test material concentration, another type of soil or a pre-exposed soil can be used.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
39、 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 10381-6, Soil quality Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in
40、 the laboratoryISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pHISO 10634, Water quality Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous mediumISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and tot
41、al carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis)ISO 11274, Soil quality Determination of the water-retention characteristic Laboratory methodsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17556:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 17556:2012ISO 17556:2012(E)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of thi
42、s document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1ultimate aerobic biodegradationbreakdown of an organic compound by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) plus new biomass3.2biochemical oxygen deman
43、dBODmass concentration of dissolved oxygen consumed under specified conditions by the aerobic biological oxidation of a chemical compound or organic matterNOTE It is expressed as milligrams of oxygen uptake per milligram or gram of test compound.3.3dissolved organic carbonDOCthat part of the organic
44、 carbon in water which cannot be removed by specified phase separationNOTE 1 It is expressed as milligrams of carbon per 100 milligrams of test compound.NOTE 2 Typical means of separation are centrifugation at 40 000 ms2for 15 min or membrane filtration using membranes with pores of diameter 0,2 m t
45、o 0,45 m.3.4theoretical oxygen demandThODmaximum theoretical amount of oxygen required to oxidize a chemical compound completely, calculated from the molecular formulaNOTE It is expressed as milligrams of oxygen uptake per milligram or gram of test compound.3.5theoretical amount of evolved carbon di
46、oxideThCO2maximum theoretical amount of carbon dioxide evolved after completely oxidizing a chemical compound, calculated from the molecular formulaNOTE It is expressed as milligrams of carbon dioxide evolved per milligram or gram of test compound.3.6lag phasetime, measured in days, from the start o
47、f a test until adaptation and/or selection of the degrading microorganisms is achieved and the degree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter has increased to about 10 % of the maximum level of biodegradation3.7biodegradation phasetime, measured in days, from the end of the lag ph
48、ase of a test until about 90 % of the maximum level of biodegradation has been reached3.8maximum level of biodegradationdegree of biodegradation of a chemical compound or organic matter in a test, above which no further biodegradation takes place during the test2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN IS
49、O 17556:2012ISO 17556:2012(E)3.9plateau phasetime from the end of the biodegradation phase until the end of the testNOTE It is measured in days.3.10pre-conditioningpre-incubation of soil under the conditions of the subsequent test in the absence of the chemical compound or organic matter under test, with the aim of improving the performance of the test by acclimatization of the microorganisms to the test conditions3.11pre-exposurepre-incubation of soil in the presence of the chemical compound or organic matter under test, with t
