1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58aluminium alloys Weldability, welding and testingThe European Standard EN ISO 18595:2007 has the st
2、atus of a British StandardICS 25.160.10Resistance welding Spot welding of aluminium and BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 18595:2007BS EN ISO 18595:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 September 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 55207 6Am
3、endments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsCompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 18595:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WE
4、E/29, Resistance welding.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPI
5、SCHE NORMEN ISO 18595September 2007ICS 25.160.10English VersionResistance welding - Spot welding of aluminium and aluminiumalloys - Weldability, welding and testing (ISO 18595:2007)Soudage par rsistance - Soudage par points delaluminium et des alliages daluminium - Soudabilit,soudage et essais (ISO
6、18595:2007)Widerstandsschweien - Punktschweien von Aluminiumund Aluminiumlegierungen - Schweieignung, Schweienund Prfungen (ISO 18595:2007)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 August 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditi
7、ons for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three off
8、icial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria,
9、Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FO
10、R STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 18595:2007: EForeword This document (EN ISO
11、18595:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
12、identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European St
13、andard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdo
14、m. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18595:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 18595:2007 without any modification. EN ISO 18595:2007Reference numberISO 18595:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18595First edition2007-09-01Resistance welding Spot welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys Weldabi
15、lity, welding and testing Soudage par rsistance Soudage par points de laluminium et des alliages daluminium Soudabilit, soudage et essais EN ISO 18595:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Symbols . 5 5 Material 6 5.1 Form . 6 5.2 Typ
16、es of aluminium alloys. 6 6 Surface conditions 6 7 Edge distance, edge conditions, form of component and weld spacing 6 8 Electrodes 7 8.1 Materials 7 8.2 Dimensions 7 8.3 Cooling electrodes 9 9 Weld assessment 9 9.1 General. 9 9.2 Weldability test procedure. 9 9.3 Procedure qualification tests 10 9
17、.4 Production tests 11 9.5 Frequency of testing. 11 10 Weld quality requirements. 11 10.1 Weld diameter . 11 10.2 Weld dimensions 12 10.3 Weld fracture mode 12 10.4 Weld strength 12 10.5 Weld appearance Surface condition 12 11 Multi-weld arrays. 13 Annex A (informative) Recommendations for spot weld
18、ing equipment. 15 Annex B (informative) Typical spot welding conditions 16 Annex C (informative) Non-exhaustive list of aluminium alloys covered by this International Standard 17 Annex D (informative) Typical information to appear on a welding procedure sheet for spot welding. 19 Bibliography . 21 E
19、N ISO 18595:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su
20、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (
21、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical commi
22、ttees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not b
23、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18595 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 6, Resistance welding. Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the
24、 Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 6 via your national standards body, a complete listing of which can be found at www.iso.org. EN ISO 18595:20071Resistance welding Spot welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys Weldability, welding and testing 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements fo
25、r resistance spot welding in the fabrication of assemblies of aluminium sheet, extrusions (both work- and age-hardening alloys) and/or cast material comprising two or three thicknesses of metal, where the maximum single (sheet) thickness of components to be welded is within the range 0,6 mm to 6 mm.
26、 This International Standard is applicable to the welding of sheets or plates of dissimilar thickness where the thickness ratio is less than or equal to 3:1. It applies to the welding of three thicknesses where the total thickness is less than or equal to 9 mm. Welding with the following types of ma
27、chines is within the scope of this International Standard: pedestal welding machines; gun welders; automatic welding equipment where the components are fed by robots or automatic feeding equipment; multi-welders; robotic welders. Information on appropriate welding equipment is given in Annex A and o
28、n spot welding conditions in Annex B. The latter are for guidance only and may require modification depending on service conditions of the fabrication, type of welding equipment, characteristics of the secondary circuit, electrode material and geometry. The welding of coated material, e.g. zinc-coat
29、ed or anodised material, is not within the scope of this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the r
30、eferenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 669:2000, Resistance welding Resistance welding equipment Mechanical and electrical requirements ISO 5182, Welding Materials for resistance welding electrodes and ancillary equipment ISO 5184, Straight resistance spot welding electrodes ISO
31、5821, Resistance spot welding electrode caps EN ISO 18595:20072 ISO 5830, Resistance spot welding Male electrode caps ISO 10447, Resistance welding Peel and chisel testing of resistance spot and projection welds ISO 14329:2003, Resistance welding Destructive tests of welds Failure types and geometri
32、c measurements for resistance spot, seam, and projection welds ISO 15614-12, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure test Part 12: Spot, seam and projection welding 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definit
33、ions given in ISO 669:2000 and ISO 14329:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 corona bond zone zone outside the weld nugget in which solid phase bonding has occurred NOTE 1 See Figure 1. NOTE 2 This zone can contribute towards the strength of the joints but may not be considered for design purposes. 3.
34、2 corona bond diameter dcouter diameter of the corona bond zone NOTE See Figure 1. 3.3 cross-tension test test to determine the load-carrying behaviour of a spot-welded joint subjected to cross-tension loading 3.4 interface failure fracture through the weld nugget between the sheets in the plane of
35、the interface NOTE See Figure 1. 3.5 nugget diameter dnmean of the maximum and minimum diameters of the fused nugget in the plane of the interface between the pieces joined, measured on a metallographic section taken transversely through the centre of the nugget NOTE See Figure 1. The nugget diamete
36、r is the parameter on which the mechanical behaviour of a structure is based. Other parameters such as the plug or weld diameter can be influenced by the type of destructive test. 3.6 plug failure slug/button failure fracture in the base metal, the heat-affected zone, or the nugget leaving attached
37、metal pulled through thickness from the opposing sheet NOTE See Figure 2. EN ISO 18595:200733.7 partial plug failure fracture partly in the base material or the heat-affected zone and partly in the nugget leaving attached metal pulled through thickness from the opposing sheet NOTE See Figure 2. 3.8
38、shear test tensile shear test test to determine the load-carrying behaviour of a spot-welded joint subjected to shear tension loading 3.9 weld diameter d in an interface failure mean diameter of the fused zone measured at the interface omitting the corona bond 3.10 weld diameter d in a plug failure
39、mean diameter of the plug NOTE See Figure 2 a) and b). 3.11 weld diameter d in a partial plug failure mean diameter of the fused zone measured at the interface, omitting the corona bond area and the maximum diameter of the plug component of the failure NOTE 1 See Figure 2 c). NOTE 2 The minimum diam
40、eter of the plug component of the fracture is reported separately (see Figures 1 and 2). NOTE 3 The plug diameter in aluminium spot welds is generally less than or equal to the diameter of the (weld) nugget. 3.12 weld nugget lenticular zone in a resistance weld where metal from both (all) sheets has
41、 melted and resolidified 3.13 plug diameter dpmean diameter of the plug in both plug and partial plug failure modes NOTE See Figure 2. EN ISO 18595:20074 Key 1 weld with interfacial fracture (d dn) aCorona bond diameter. 2 corona bond zone bNugget diameter. 3 molten material of the nugget cWeld diam
42、eter (d1or d2). 4 rough fracture zone Figure 1 Measurement of weld size Weld with interface failure a) Symmetrical plug failureab) Asymmetrical plug failureaEN ISO 18595:20075c) Partial plug failurebad = dp= (d1+ d2)/2 bd = (d1+ d2)/2 and dp= (d2+ d3)/2 Figure 2 Measurement of weld size Weld with pl
43、ug (slug) failure 4 Symbols Symbol Term Unit d weld diameter mm dccorona bond diameter mm diinitial or set-up weld diameter mm dnnugget diameter mm dpplug diameter mm dtinitial electrode tip diameter mm t sheet thickness mm Psshear strength of weld kN Rmultimate strength of aluminium being welded MP
44、a EN ISO 18595:20076 5 Material 5.1 Form The material shall be flat rolled, extruded or cast and shall be free from harmful imperfections. 5.2 Types of aluminium alloys A partial list of aluminium alloys is given in Annex C. 6 Surface conditions Prior to welding, all surfaces shall be checked for th
45、eir suitability for spot welding. The surfaces should be free from oil, grease, lubricant, visible oxidation, paint, dirt, or excessive scratches. If necessary, appropriate surface treatment, e.g. chemical etching, shall be carried out. Mill-finish surfaces are generally not suitable for spot weldin
46、g; however, aluminium manufacturers can supply surface-treated material suitable for spot welding, e.g. with TiZr conversion coating. Extrusions shall also be in the mill-finish condition and will generally require pre-treatment. Die-cast material shall be free from excessive surface roughness and i
47、mperfections, e.g. as caused by washing out of the die material. Excessive quantities of dissolved gases in die-cast material shall be avoided. In addition, coated material can be supplied with chromate or phosphate passivation. Phosphated aluminium may be used in certain applications. These materia
48、ls can be spot welded, although adjustment to the welding parameters will generally be necessary as outlined in Annex B. NOTE In most countries, chromate passivation treatment will be prohibited in the near future to avoid health risks. 7 Edge distance, edge conditions, form of component and weld sp
49、acing The components to be welded shall be free from burrs or other defects, which may, in any way, interfere with interface contact or require excessive force to fit the parts together. The shape of the component shall be such that there is satisfactory interfacial contact in the area where welds are to be made. The distance from the edge of the component to the centre of the weld (edge distance) shall be not less than 1,25d (see Figure 3), where d is the initial weld
