1、19144-1:2012ICS 35.240.70NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISHSTANDARDGeographicinformationClassificationsystemsPart1:Classificationsystem structureEN ISOBS Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo
2、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19144-1:2012. It is identical to ISO 19144-1:2009. It supersedes BS ISO 19144-1:2009, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted
3、to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Complianc
4、e with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EN ISO 19144-1:2012This British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30September 2009 The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012Amendments/
5、corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 June 2012 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 19144-1:2009 as BS EN ISO 19144-1:2012.ISBN 978 0 580 75773 0BS Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted
6、 without license from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19144-1 April 2012 ICS 35.240.70 English Version Geographic information - Classification systems - Part 1: Classification system structure (ISO 19144-1:2009) Information gographique - Systmes de classification - P
7、artie 1: Structure de systme de classification (ISO 19144-1:2009) Geoinformation - Klassifizierungssysteme - Teil 1: Struktur des Klassifizierungssystems (ISO 19144-1:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 March 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regul
8、ations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN membe
9、r. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CE
10、N members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
11、Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN
12、 national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19144-1:2012: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- ISO 2012 iiiContents PageForewordivIntroduction.v1Scope12Conformance .12.1 Clas
13、ses.12.2 Conformance of a classification system.12.3 Conformance of a register of classifiers.12.4 Representation of classification results.13Normative references14Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms24.1 Terms and definitions.24.2 Abbreviated terms.45Classification systems55.1 Concept55.2 Class
14、ification and legend.75.3 Hierarchical versus non-hierarchical systems.85.4 A priori and a posteriori classification systems85.5 Structure of classified data95.6 A classification data set136Management of classifiers .146.1 General .146.2 Concept dictionary register for a classification scheme 156.3
15、Management of classifiers through registration156.4 Register structure15Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite24Annex B (informative) A priori and a posteriori classification systems .26Bibliography30BS EN ISO 19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Prov
16、ided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Foreword The text of ISO 19144-1:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO
17、) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19144-1:2012 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
18、 October 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such p
19、atent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ic
20、eland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19144-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19144-1:2012 without any mo
21、dification. ivBS EN ISO 19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E) ISO 2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- ISO 2012 vIntroduction This part of ISO19144 is based on pub
22、lications of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UnitedNations 12. The first in a series of International Standards related to geographic classification systems, it defines the structure of such systems, together with the mechanism for defining and registering classifiers.Since there
23、are many different possible application areas, there is no single classification system that willserve all needs. The method by which classifiers are defined depends upon the application area. In addition,the classifiers used within a particular application area might not be adequate for all situati
24、ons encountered within that application area and could need to be augmented over time. To facilitate extension of the set ofclassifiers in a particular application area, classifiers are r egisteredin a register structure compliantwith ISO19135. This allows the set of classifiers to be maintained. Th
25、e use of the ISO19135 registrationmechanism allows for separate registers to be defined for different sets of classifiers within multipleinformation communities, thereby satisfying application needs. This approach allows for independence between information communities, but also allows relationships
26、 to be developed between differentclassification systems that potentia lly allow the conversion, or partial conversion, of data from one classification system to another, or the fusion of data from two separate sources.The concept of classification systems is well known in the geographic information
27、 community. A classificationsystem can be used to subdivide any geographic area into small units, each of which carries an identifier that describes its type. The results can then be represented as a discrete coverage as described in ISO 19123.Many such classification systems can be defined to addre
28、ss anygeographic area. Different application areasand different information communities can define their own classifica tion systems. However, if theclassification system is defined in a compatible way, interaction between different information communitiesbecomes possible. In addition, in a particul
29、ar application area, it is desirable that there be a few well-established classification systems, and that these themselves be standardized within information communities. This part of ISO 19144 describes the common structure, while subsequent parts will allow for the standardization of specific cla
30、ssification systems.A coverage is a function that returns values from its range for anydirect positionwithin its spatial, temporal orspatiotemporal domain. A discrete coverage is a function that returns the same feature attribute values forevery direct position within any single spatial object, temp
31、oral object or spatiotemporal object in its domain. The domain is an area covered by the coverage function, and the discrete coverage breaks that area downinto a set of spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal objects. The geometry of the discrete coverage used torepresent the results of applying a class
32、ification system can be any type of discrete coverage for example, a set of polygons fitted together like a jig-saw puzzle, a set of grid cells, or a set of points or curves. A classification system consists of a set of classifiers. These classifiersmay be algorithmically defined, orestablished acco
33、rding to a set of classification system definitions. The classifiers are application-area-dependent and are or will be defined in the other parts of ISO19144 or other standards orpublications. A register allows for the maintenance of a set of classifiers for a particular application area. Aspatial,
34、temporal or spatiotemporal object defined in terms of a set of classifiers is a classified object. There is a commonality between conventional geographic features and classified objects. A feature is definedin ISO19101 as an abstraction of real world phenomena. An example of a class of feature is a
35、building, and aparticular building, e.g. the UN building in New York, is an instance of a feature class . Conventionalgeographic features are atomic units that are assembled to build one typeof geographic information data set. A classification system works in the opposite manner, from the top down,
36、by successively decomposing thewhole within a coverage area. Classified objects are features, in that they are an abstraction of a real world phenomena, but classified objects are not atomic, because they are necessarily related to each other by theclassifiers that decompose the whole. In a simple e
37、xample of a classification system, the earth as a whole can be covered byeither “land” or “water”, and two classifiers can be defined partitioning the attribute range intoBS EN ISO 19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with
38、 CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-vi ISO 2012two, identifying objects as being either land or water. Any partic ular area on the earth, corresponding to aclassified object, would be of type “land” or “water”.ISO19135 specifies that a technical sta
39、ndard be required to define the item classes in any c onformant register. This part of ISO19144 defines schemas for registers conformant to ISO19135 and serves as th etechnical standard that defines the item classes required for the registration of classifiers. It establishes a set of rules for spec
40、ifying definitions that can be used in a particular context to establish classified objects.Registers of classifiers canserve as sources of reference for similar registers established by other geographic information communities as part of a system of cross-referencing. Cross-referencing between resp
41、ective itemsin registers of classifiersmight be difficult in cases where the s tructure of registers differs between informationcommunities. This part of ISO19144 can serve as a guide for different information communities for thedevelopment of compatible registers that can support a system of classi
42、fier cross-referencing. The structure of a classification system together with the mechanism of defining and registering classifiers defined in this part of ISO19144 is general and can be applied to many different information-community-defined classification systems, including soil, landform, vegeta
43、tion, urbanization and systemsforunderstanding biodiversity and climate c hange. The use of this document will allow the relationship betweendifferent classification systems to be described.BS EN ISO 19144-1:2012 EN ISO 19144-1:2012 (E)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS
44、 under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDA RD ISO 2012 1Geographic information Classification systems Part 1: Classification system structure1 Scope This part of ISO19144 establishes the structure of a geographic inf
45、ormation classification system, togetherwith the mechanismfor defining and registering the classifiers forsuch a system. It specifies the use of discrete coverages to represent the result of applying the classification system to a particular area and defines the technical structure of a register of
46、classifiers in accor dance with ISO19135. The structure can be used to develop specific classification systems that address particular application areas,specified in other parts of ISO 19144. 2 Conformance 2.1 Classes Three conformance classes are identified in this part of ISO 19144. 2.2Conformance
47、 of a classification system Any classification system for which conformance to this part of ISO19144 is claimed shall be in accordancewith Annex A (see A.2). 2.3Conformance of a register of classifiers Any register of classifiers for which conformance to this part of ISO19144 is claimed shall be in
48、accordancewith Annex A (see A.3) and ISO 19135:2005, A.1. 2.4Representation of classification results Anylegend of classifiers for which conformance to this part of ISO19144 is claimed shall be in accordance with Annex A (see A.4). 3 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are indispen
49、sable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including anyamendments) applies.ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information Conceptual schema languageISO 19110:2005, Geographic information Methodology for feature cataloguingISO 19115, Geograph
