1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 21227-1:2003 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Paints and varnishes Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging Part 1: General guidance The European Standard EN ISO 21227-1:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 87.040 BS EN ISO 21227-1:2003 This B
2、ritish Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 August 2003 BSI 23 October 2003 ISBN 0 580 42487 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 21227-1:2003. It is identical with ISO 21227-1:2003. Th
3、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/10, Test methods for paints, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement inter
4、national or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purp
5、ort to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committe
6、e any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO
7、foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 14767 Corrigendum No. 1 23 October 2003 Incorpor
8、ating corrected EN ISO foreword pageEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO212271 August2003 ICS87.040 Englishversion PaintsandvarnishesEvaluationofdefectsoncoatedsurfaces usingopticalimagingPart1:Generalguidance(ISO21227 1:2003) PeinturesetvernisEvaluationparimagerieoptiquedes dfautsde
9、ssurfacesrevtuesPartie1:Lignesdirectrices gnrales(ISO212271:2003) BeschichtungsstoffeBeurteilungvon BeschichtungsschdenmittelsdigitalerBildverarbeitung Teil1:AllgemeineAnleitung(ISO212271:2003) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon1July2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegul
10、ationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversion
11、s(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Gre
12、ece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitat
13、ioninanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO212271:2003EINESO12722:1002(3E) 2 CORRECTED20030924 Foreword Thisdocument(ENISO212271:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC35 “Paintsandvarnishes“incollaborationwithTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC139“Paintsand varnishes“
14、,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationof anidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyFebruary2004,andconflictingnational standardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyFebruary2004. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thena
15、tionalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy, Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerlandand theUnitedKingdom. Endorsem
16、entnotice ThetextofISO212271:2003hasbeenapprovedbyCENasENISO212271:2003withoutany modifications. 4egaP ENISO212271:2003 Reference number ISO 21227-1:2003(E) OSI 3002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21227-1 First edition 2003-08-01 Paints and varnishes Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical
17、 imaging Part 1: General guidance Peintures et vernis valuation par imagerie optique des dfauts des surfaces revtues Partie 1: Lignes directrices gnrales ENISO212271:2003IS-72212 O1:(3002E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file mya ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccacnadrow eitA hebods licnesilop gnic,y tihs
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22、7 22 14 + 9 74 E-mial coirypthgis.o gro We bwww.is.o groii ISO 3002 Allr ihgtsser edevrENISO212271:2003IS-72212 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle . 5 5 Requirements 5 Annex
23、A (informative) Standards for visual assessment of coating defects . 8 Bibliography . 10 ENISO212271:2003IS-72212 O1:(3002E) iv I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevrForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). T
24、he work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-go
25、vernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
26、 The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a v
27、ote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21227-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC
28、 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes. ISO 21227 consists of the following parts, under the general title Paints and varnishes Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging: Part 1: General guidance Part 2: Evaluation procedure for results of multi-impact stone-chipping
29、test Part 3: Evaluation procedure for delamination and corrosion around a scribe At the time of publication of this part of ISO 21227, Parts 2 and 3 were in preparation. ENISO212271:2003IS-72212 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr vIntroduction Conventional ISO test methods used for evaluating
30、surface defects and appearance changes often utilize pictorial standards which depict particular types of surface deterioration and require human visual evaluation. The technology described in the various parts of this International Standard can yield more objective, accurate, quantitative and repro
31、ducible results when compared to the human visual evaluation techniques. ENISO212271:2003blank ENISO212271:2003INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-72212 O1:(3002E)I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1Paints and varnishes Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging Part 1: General guidance 1 Scope
32、 This part of ISO 21227 gives definitions for and provides guidance in the use of optical imaging systems for the quantitative characterization of defects on coated surfaces that occur after exposure in various test methods, e.g. stone chipping, weathering or cross-cut testing. One aim of ISO 21227
33、is to use optical imaging to reproduce the results of already existing methods for visual assessment. Additionally, optical imaging provides further information which can be used for a more detailed evaluation of coating defects. This part of ISO 21227 contains a general introduction in optical-imag
34、ing methods and definitions. The performance of individual test methods and requirements for precision are described in other parts of the standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editio
35、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CIE Publication No. 17.4:1987, International lighting vocabulary/IEC 60050-845:1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Lighting 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes
36、of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 optical imaging method for acquiring, digitizing, processing and analysing images using optical components and computer systems 3.2 illumination application of light to a scene, objects or their surroundings so that they may be seen CI
37、E 17.4:1987/IEC 60050-845:1987 3.2.1 reflection illumination illumination whereby light source and optical sensor are both arranged on the same side of the object ENISO212271:2003IS-72212 O1:(3002E) 2 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr3.2.2 transmission illumination illumination whereby light source and
38、optical sensor are arranged on opposite sides of the object 3.2.3 bright-field illumination method of image acquisition in which light reflected by the object and light scattered by the object are detected by the optical sensor 3.2.4 dark-field illumination method of image acquisition in which only
39、light scattered by the object is detected by the optical sensor 3.2.5 directional lighting lighting in which the light on the working plane or on an object is incident predominantly from a particular direction CIE 17.4:1987/IEC 60050-845:1987 3.2.6 diffused lighting lighting in which the light on th
40、e working plane or on an object is not incident predominantly from a particular direction CIE 17.4:1987/IEC 60050-845:1987 3.3 Terms relating to the optical sensor 3.3.1 field of vision area on the object surface which is acquired by the optical sensor 3.3.2 region of interest that part of the origi
41、nal image which is used for image processing and image analysis 3.3.3 objective optical system, usually consisting of one or more lenses, which is used to acquire an image of the field of vision 3.3.4 object distance distance between the first lens of the objective and an object which gives a sharp
42、image 3.3.5 depth of focus difference between the minimum and maximum object distance 3.4 image acquisition image capture process of creating a two-dimensional original image of an object 3.4.1 original image digitized image taken by the image-acquisition system, without having carried out any image
43、 processing ENISO212271:2003IS-72212 O1:(3002E) I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 33.4.2 charge-coupled device CCD device that uses a semi-conductive material as an optical sensor NOTE The CCD chip is subdivided into very fine elements, each of which corresponds to a pixel of the digitized image. The CC
44、Ds can be arranged as an array (digital camera) or in a row (line scanner). 3.4.3 scanner device for image acquisition which uses a one-dimensional optical sensor in which CCDs are lined up in a row NOTE The image is built up by line scanning of the surface of an object. 3.4.4 digitization process o
45、f converting an analogue image into a digital image NOTE The image is divided into pixels by a grid and each pixel is assigned to one grey level. 3.4.5 pixel smallest image-forming element to which a grey level is assigned 3.4.6 resolution number of pixels per unit length on the surface of an object
46、 NOTE If the resolution in the X- and Y-directions is different, both values have to be reported. 3.4.7 grey level shade of grey assigned to a pixel NOTE The shades are usually positive integer values taken from the grey scale. 3.4.8 grey scale series of grey levels between white and black EXAMPLE T
47、he 8-bit grey scale has 2 8(= 256) grey levels. Grey level 0 corresponds to black, grey level 255 (the 256th level) to white. 3.4.9 gamma exponent used in the function Y = X where X is the input signal; Y is the output signal; X and Y range from 0 to 1 (0 corresponding to black, 1 to white) 3.4.10 f
48、rame grabber device for converting an analogue video signal into an digital original image ENISO212271:2003IS-72212 O1:(3002E) 4 I SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr3.5 image processing software manipulation of the original image in order to prepare for subsequent image analysis NOTE For example, image processing can be use
