1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58environmental stress cracking (ESC) Part 4: Ball or pin impression methodThe European Standard EN I
2、SO 22088-4:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 83.080.01Plastics Determination of resistance to BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 22088-4:2006BS EN ISO 22088-4:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISB
3、N 0 580 48765 2Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Nationa
4、l forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 22088-4:2006. It supersedes BS EN ISO 4600:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics.A list of organizations represented
5、on PRI/21 can be obtained on request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 22088-4August 2006ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 4600:1997 English VersionPlastics - Determination of resistance to environmental stresscracking (ESC) - Part 4: Ball or pin impression method
6、(ISO22088-4:2006)Plastiques - Dtermination de la fissuration sous contraintedans un environnement donn (ESC) - Partie 4: Mthodepar enfoncement de billes ou de goupilles (ISO 22088-4:2006)Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Bestndigkeit gegenumgebungsbedingte Spannungsrissbildung (ESC) - Teil 4:Kugel- oder
7、Stifteindrckverfahren (ISO 22088-4:2006)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to
8、-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the
9、 responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ir
10、eland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 3
11、6 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 22088-4:2006: EForeword This document supersedes EN ISO 4600:1997. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
12、the following Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice This document (EN ISO 22088-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics“ in collaboration with Technical
13、Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics“, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at th
14、e latest by February 2007. countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,The text of ISO 22088-4:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22088-4:2
15、006 without any modifications. EN ISO 22088-4:2006Reference numberISO 22088-4:2006(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO22088-4First edition2006-08-15Plastics Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) Part 4: Ball or pin impression method Plastiques Dtermination de la fissuration sou
16、s contrainte dans un environnement donn (ESC) Partie 4: Mthode par enfoncement de billes ou de goupilles EN ISO 22088-4:2006ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Principle. 4 5 Apparatus 4 6 Test specimens . 6 6.1 Shape . 6 6.2 State . 6
17、6.3 Number of test specimens. 7 7 Conditioning and test conditions 7 7.1 Conditioning 7 7.2 Test temperature. 7 7.3 Chemical medium . 7 8 Procedure 8 8.1 Cleanness 8 8.2 Drilling the test specimens 8 8.3 Insertion of balls or pins 8 8.4 Immersion in the chemical medium 9 8.5 Exposure in air 10 8.6 D
18、etermination of stress cracking 10 9 Expression of results . 10 9.1 Type A test specimen. 10 9.2 Type B test specimen Graphical evaluation 10 10 Precision 10 11 Test report . 11 Bibliography . 13 EN ISO 22088-4:2006iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide f
19、ederation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that co
20、mmittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accor
21、dance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requir
22、es approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22088-4 was prepared by Technic
23、al Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical and environmental resistance. It cancels and replaces ISO 4600:1992, which has been technically revised. ISO 22088 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics Determination of resistance to environmental stre
24、ss cracking (ESC): Part 1: General guidance Part 2: Constant tensile load method (replacement of ISO 6252:1992) Part 3: Bent strip method (replacement of ISO 4599:1986) Part 4: Ball or pin impression method (replacement of ISO 4600:1992) Part 5: Constant tensile deformation method (new test method)
25、Part 6: Slow strain rate method (new test method) EN ISO 22088-4:20061Plastics Determination of resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC) Part 4: Ball or pin impression method 1 Scope 1.1 This part of ISO 22088 specifies a ball or pin impression method for the determination of the environmen
26、tal stress cracking (ESC) behaviour of plastics by means of a constant-strain test. 1.2 The method is applicable to finished products and to test specimens prepared by moulding and/or machining, and can be used for the assessment of the ESC behaviour of a plastic product or material exposed to diffe
27、rent environments, as well as for the determination of the ESC behaviour of different plastics materials exposed to a specific environment. NOTE Alternative methods for the determination of environmental stress cracking by means of a constant-strain test are specified in ISO 22088-3 and ISO 22088-5.
28、 A method for the determination of environmental stress cracking by means of a constant-stress test is specified in ISO 22088-2. 1.3 The ball and pin impression methods are both quick and sensitive procedures for assessing the ESC behaviour of plastics. The methods are well suited for amorphous plas
29、tics. They are less appropriate for materials displaying a pronounced tendency for creep and/or stress relaxation, i.e. for semi-crystalline materials. If semi-crystalline materials are tested, pins are more appropriate than balls. 1.4 The ball impression method is useful for assessing the principal
30、 ESC behaviour of the material/chemical combination under consideration. It is less influenced by the near-surface orientation state of the specimens than the pin impression method and the methods in the other parts of this International Standard, where the chemical attacks only the original surface
31、 of the material. This, depending on the manner of specimen preparation, may show a considerable degree of orientation. 1.5 The pin impression method is useful for testing specimens of small thickness and finished parts. EN ISO 22088-4:20062 2 Normative references The following referenced documents
32、are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 178, Plastics Determination of flexural properties ISO 291, Plastics Standard at
33、mospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 293, Plastics Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials ISO 294-1, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens ISO 527-1, Pl
34、astics Determination of tensile properties Part 1: General principles ISO 527-2, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics ISO 2557-1, Plastics Amorphous thermoplastics Preparation of test specimens with a specified maximum reversion Par
35、t 1: Bars ISO 2818, Plastics Preparation of test specimens by machining ISO 3167, Plastics Multipurpose test specimens ISO 3290, Rolling bearings Balls Dimensions and tolerances ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture
36、parameters 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 oversize dddifference between the diameter of an impressed ball or pin (db) and the diameter of the drilled and reamed hole (dh) in the test specimen: dd= db dh(1) 3.2 deformation ste
37、p determination made at a defined oversize 3.3 deformation step zero determination made using test specimens that are drilled and reamed only, i.e. without impressing a ball or pin 3.4 deformation series number of successive deformation steps beginning with deformation step zero NOTE Normally, a def
38、ormation series consists of seven deformation steps of increasing severity. EN ISO 22088-4:200633.5 failure limit oversize in a deformation series that produces failure, as specified in terms of the following failure criteria: a) for type A test specimens (test specimens taken from products), as vis
39、ible cracks, observable by means of a lens of magnification 5; b) for type B test specimens (moulded or machined test specimens), by the following criteria (see 9.2 and Figure 4): 1) a 5 % reduction in the maximum tensile force measured at deformation step zero (criterion B1 in Figure 1), 2) a 5 % r
40、eduction in the maximum flexural force measured at deformation step zero (criterion B2 in Figure 1), 3) a 20 % reduction in the tensile elongation at rupture measured at deformation step zero (criterion B3 in Figure 1). NOTE 1 If there is no rupture immediately after application of the maximum tensi
41、le force, the tensile elongation at 50 % of the preceding maximum tensile force (see Figure 1) may be measured. Failure is then defined by a 20 % reduction in the value at deformation step zero (criterion B4). NOTE 2 It is sufficient to measure the elongation at break between the grips. NOTE 3 If th
42、e value of the tensile stress is required, refer the force to the smallest cross-sectional area of the specimen at the location of the hole. Calculate the tensile stress in accordance with Equation (2): ()hFhwd =(2) where is the tensile stress, in MPa or Nmm2; F is the tensile force, in N; h is the
43、thickness of the specimen, in mm; dhis the diameter of the hole, after reaming, in mm; w is the width of the specimen, in mm. Key X elongation B1 5 % reduction in the maximum tensile force Y stress B2 5 % reduction in the maximum flexural force 1 maximum B3 20 % reduction in the tensile elongation a
44、t rupture 2 0,5 preceding max. tensile force B4 tensile elongation at 50 % of the preceding maximum tensile force Figure 1 Failure criteria for type B test specimens EN ISO 22088-4:20064 3.6 relative stress-cracking factor ratio of the failure limit in the test environment to that in a reference env
45、ironment, for example air, measured at the same test temperature after the same test time 4 Principle A constant strain, produced by impressed balls or pins in a test specimen in a test environment, often generates micro-cracks that may, in time, develop into visible cracks. To shorten the time for
46、the test, failure may be accelerated by subsequent mechanical testing. If products cannot be assessed by mechanical tests, visual examination for cracks around the balls or pins may be undertaken. A hole of specified diameter is drilled in a test specimen, an oversize ball or pin is inserted into th
47、e hole and the specimen is brought into contact with a chemical medium. This procedure is repeated using balls or pins of progressively greater diameter. After a specified time, the effect of the interaction is determined by visual examination (type A test specimens) or by the determination of the t
48、ensile or flexural properties (type B test specimens). A parallel series of tests may be performed in which the test specimens are exposed to air, and the comparative behaviour determined. NOTE Pins are suitable for a single series of test specimens or articles of thickness greater than 1 mm. The de
49、formation of the test specimen is the same along the whole length of the hole. Balls are suitable for thicknesses greater than 2 mm. The preferred thickness is 4 mm. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Drilling machine, operating at a suitable frequency of rotation, for example at 1 000 min1. 5.2 Drills, of diameter (2,8 0,1) mm. 5.3 Reamer, suitable for finishing a hole of diameter (3,00 0,05) mm. NOTE A 3H7 reamer (3,004 mm to 3,008 mm) is suitable. 5.4 Plug gauges, or
