1、BS EN ISO22476-12:2009ICS 93.020NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDGeotechnicalinvestigation andtesting Field testingPart 12: Mechanical cone penetrationtest (CPTM) (ISO 22476-12:2009)This British Standardwas published under theauthority of the Stan
2、dardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 October2009. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 54688 4Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 22476-12:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO22476-12:2009.The UK participation in its preparation was entr
3、usted to TechnicalCommittee B/526/3, Site investigation and ground testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct ap
4、plication.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 22476-12May 2009ICS 93.020English VersionGeotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 12:Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) (ISO 22476
5、-12:2009)Reconnaissance et essais gotechniques - Essais en place- Partie 12: Essai de pntration statique au cne pointemcanique (ISO 22476-12:2009)Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -Felduntersuchungen - Teil 12: Drucksondierungen mitmechanischen Messwertaufnehmern (ISO 22476-12:2009)This Europ
6、ean Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concer
7、ning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own la
8、nguage and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lu
9、xembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights
10、 of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-12:2009: EBS EN ISO 22476-12:2009EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 22476-12:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and
11、 Testing” the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicti
12、ng national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to
13、the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu
14、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009ISO 22476-12:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1
15、3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms. 2 3.1 Terms and definitions. 2 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 6 4 Equipment . 6 4.1 Cone penetrometer load sensors 6 4.2 Tolerances . 6 4.3 Surface roughness . 7 4.4 Cone penetrometer. 7 4.5 Cone . 8 4.6 Friction sleeve. 9 4.7 Push rods 11 4.
16、8 Inner rods 11 4.9 Measuring system. 11 4.10 Thrust machine . 12 5 Test procedures 12 5.1 Selection of type of cone penetrometer test 12 5.2 Selection of equipment and procedures 13 5.3 Position and level of thrust machine 15 5.4 Preparation 15 5.5 Pushing of the cone penetrometer . 15 5.6 Use of f
17、riction reducer 15 5.7 Frequency of logging parameters. 15 5.8 Measurement of cone penetration force for discontinuous penetration testing . 15 5.9 Measurement of cone penetration force for continuous testing . 16 5.10 Measurement of sleeve friction force for discontinuous testing with M2 cone penet
18、rometers . 16 5.11 Measurement of total penetration force for discontinuous testing. 16 5.12 Measurement of total penetration force for continuous testing (TM4) . 16 5.13 Measurement of the penetration length .16 5.14 Test completion 16 5.15 Equipment checks and calibrations . 17 6 Test results 17 6
19、.1 Measured parameters. 17 6.2 Calculated parameters . 17 7 Reporting . 17 7.1 General. 17 7.2 Reporting of test results 17 7.3 Presentation of test results . 20 Annex A (normative) Maintenance, checks and calibration 21 Bibliography . 23 BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009ISO 22476-12:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All r
20、ights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject
21、 for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
22、on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
23、 are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be hel
24、d responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22476-12 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 341, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee TC 182, Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in
25、accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). ISO 22476 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing Field testing: Part 2: Dynamic probing Part 3: Standard penetration test Part 4: Mnard pressuremete
26、r test Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test Part 7: Borehole jack test Part 10: Weight sounding test Technical Specification Part 11: Flat dilatometer test Technical Specification Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests, self-boring pressuremeter
27、 test, full displacement pressuremeter test, and field vane test are to form the subjects of future parts 1, 6, 8 and 9. BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009ISO 22476-12:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction The mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) consists of pushing a cone penetrometer, by mean
28、s of a series of push rods, into the soil at a constant rate of penetration. During penetration, measurements of cone penetration resistance, total penetration resistance and/or sleeve friction can be recorded. The test results can be used for interpretation of stratification, classification of soil
29、 type and evaluation of geotechnical parameters. Cone resistance is the term used in practice; however, cone penetration resistance is a more accurate description of the process, and is the term used in this part of ISO 22476. BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO
30、22476-12:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Geotechnical investigation and testing Field testing Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) 1 Scope This part of ISO 22476 specifies a mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM), including equipment requirements, execution and reporting. The resu
31、lts from such geotechnical testing are especially suited to the qualitative and/or quantitative determination of a soil profile together with direct investigations or as a relative comparison with other in situ tests. The results from a cone penetration test can in principle be used to evaluate stra
32、tification, soil type, and geotechnical parameters such as soil density, shear-strength parameters and deformation and consolidation characteristics. This part of ISO 22476 specifies the following features: type of cone penetration test (see Table 1); application class (see Table 2); penetration len
33、gth or penetration depth; elevation of the ground surface or underwater ground surface at the location of the cone penetration test with reference to a datum; location of the cone penetration test relative to a reproducible fixed location reference point. NOTE The planning and evaluation of an inves
34、tigation programme and the application of its results to design are covered by EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
35、latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8503 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates ISO 10012:2003, Measurement management systems Req
36、uirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009ISO 22476-12:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms apply. 3.1 Term
37、s and definitions 3.1.1 average surface roughness Raaverage deviation between the real surface of the probe and a medium reference plane placed along the surface of the probe 3.1.2 cone conically shaped bottom part of the cone penetrometer NOTE When the penetrometer is pushed into the ground, the co
38、ne penetration resistance is transferred through the cone by inner rods to the measuring device at ground level. 3.1.3 cone penetration test CPT pushing of a cone penetrometer at the end of a series of cylindrical push rods into the ground at a constant rate of penetration 3.1.3.1 electrical CPT CPT
39、U cone penetration test in which forces are measured electrically in the cone penetrometer NOTE Electrical CPT and piezocone (CPTU) tests are to form the subject of a future part 1 of ISO 22476. 3.1.3.2 mechanical CPT CPTM CPT where forces are measured mechanically or electrically at ground level 3.
40、1.4 cone penetrometer assembly containing cone, friction sleeve (optional), connection to the push rods and measuring devices for the determination of the cone penetration resistance and, if applicable, the total resistance and/or local side friction 3.1.5 cone penetration resistance cone resistance
41、 resistance to the penetration of the cone 3.1.6 continuous penetration testing test method in which cone penetration resistance is measured while cone and push rods are moving continuously until stopped for the addition of a push rod 3.1.7 discontinuous penetration testing test method in which cone
42、 penetration resistance and, optionally, sleeve friction are measured during a penetration stop of the push rods BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009ISO 22476-12:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 33.1.8 force acting on the friction sleeve Fsforce that will be obtained by subtracting the measured force on the
43、cone from the measured force on the cone and friction sleeve 3.1.9 friction ratio Rfratio of sleeve friction to cone penetration resistance measured at the same depth, expressed as a percentage: sfc100 %fRq= NOTE In some cases the inverse of the friction ratio, called the friction index, is used. 3.
44、1.10 friction reducer local and symmetrical enlargement of the diameter of a push rod to reduce the friction along the push rods 3.1.11 friction sleeve section of the cone penetrometer where sleeve friction is determined 3.1.12 inner rods solid rods sliding inside the push rods and transferring the
45、forces from the cone and, optionally, the friction sleeve, to the measuring system 3.1.13 measured cone penetration resistance qcdivision of the measured force , Qc, on the cone by the cross-sectional area, Ac: cccQqA= NOTE The measured cone penetration resistance obtained from a mechanical CPT can
46、differ from that obtained from an electrical CPT. 3.1.14 measured sleeve friction fsforce , Fs, acting on the friction sleeve divided by the area of the sleeve, As: sssFfA= NOTE The measured sleeve friction obtained from a mechanical CPT test can be different from the value obtained from an electric
47、al CPT test. 3.1.15 measured total penetration force Qtforce needed to push cone and rods together into the soil BS EN ISO 22476-12:2009ISO 22476-12:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.1.16 measuring system all sensors and auxiliary parts used to transfer and/or store the signals generated durin
48、g the cone penetration test NOTE The force on the cone and, if applicable, the total penetration resistance and/or sleeve friction are measured with manometers or with electrical load sensors. 3.1.17 penetration depth z depth of the base of the cone, relative to a fixed horizontal plane See Figure 1
49、. NOTE 1 It is expressed in metres. NOTE 2 With mechanical CPT, penetration depth cannot be determined, as there is no inclinometer measurement for depth correction. 3.1.18 penetration length l sum of the lengths of the push rods and the cone penetrometer, reduced by the height of the conical part, relative to a fixed horizontal plane See Figure 1. NOTE 1 It is expressed in metres. NOTE 2 The fixed horizontal plane usually corresponds with a horizontal plane through the ground surface at the location of
