1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 8249:2000 The E
2、uropean Standard EN ISO 8249:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.160.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Welding Determination of Ferrite Number (FN) in austenitic and duplex ferritic-austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metalsThis British Standard
3、, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2000 BSI 08-2000 ISBN 0 580 34843 1 BS EN ISO 8249:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National
4、foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 8249:2000. It is identical with ISO 8249:2000. It supersedes BS 6787:1987 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/39, Welding consumables, which has the resp
5、onsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A
6、list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European p
7、ublications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British
8、Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front co
9、ver, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEU
10、ROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO8249 May2000 ICS25.160 Englishversion WeldingDeterminationofFerriteNumber(FN)inausteniticand duplexferriticausteniticCrNistainlesssteelweldmetals(ISO 8249:2000) SoudageDterminationdelIndicedeFerrite(FN)dansle mtalfonduenacierinoxydableaustnitiqueetduplex ferritiqueaustnit
11、iqueauchromenickel(ISO8249:2000) BestimmungderFerritNummer(FN)inaustenitischemund ferritischaustenitischem(Duplex)SchweigutvonCrNi Sthlen(ISO8249:2000) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon13April2000. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivi
12、ngthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninany
13、otherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembour
14、g,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG CentralSecretariat:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2000CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMe
15、mbers. Ref.No.ENISO8249:2000EForeword ThetextoftheI nternationalSta ndard ISO 8249:2000hasb eenp repared by Technical CommitteeISO/ TC44 “Weldinga nd alliedprocesses“ inc ollaboration with Technical CommitteeCEN/ TC121“ Welding“, thesecreta riat ofw hich ish eld by DS. ThisEurop ean Standardshall be
16、 given thes tatusof a nationalst andard, either by publication ofani dentical textor by endorsement,att helatest by November2000,a ndcon flicting nationalst andardss hallbewithdr awnatt helatest byN ovember2000. According totheCE N/CENELECInter nalRe gulations, the national standardsorga nizations o
17、f the followingc ountriesare bound toi mplementt hisEur opean Standard:Aust ria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,Finla nd,Franc e,Ger many,Greece,I celand, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,Ne therlands, Norway, Portugal,Sp ain, Sweden,Swi tzerlanda ndt heU nited Kingdom. NOTEFROM CEN/CS: The foreword iss
18、usceptibleto bea mendedonrecep tionofthe Germanla nguage version. Thecon firmedora mended foreword,a nd when appropriate, the normative annex ZA forthere ferences tointer national publications witht heirr elevant Europeanp ublications willbecircul ated witht heGer manversi on. Endorsementnotice Thet
19、extoftheI nternationalSta ndard ISO 8249:2000 was approved by CEN as a European Standard withouta ny modification. EN ISO 8249:2000Referencenumber ISO8249:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8249 Secondedition 2000-05-01 WeldingDeterminationofFerriteNumber (FN)inausteniticandduplexferritic- austeniti
20、cCr-Nistainlesssteelweldmetals Soudage Dtermination de lIndice de Ferrite (FN) dans le mtal fondu en acier inoxydable austnitique et duplex ferritique-austnitique au chrome-nickel EN ISO 8249:2000ii EN ISO 8249:2000 iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normativereference1 3 Princi
21、ple1 4 Calibration2 5 Standardmethodforcoveredelectrodetestpads.4 6 Standardmethodsfortestpadsofotherprocessesandforproductionwelds.6 7 Othermethods.7 8 Proceduresusedtopreparesecondarystandardsfordeltaferriteinausteniticstainlesssteel weldmetal.8 AnnexA(informative)Manufactureofsecondarystandardsby
22、stripcladding.9 AnnexB(informative)Manufactureofsecondarystandardsbycentrifugalchillcasting18 Bibliography26 EN ISO 8249:2000iv Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnorm
23、allycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInter
24、nationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternat
25、ionalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO8249waspreparedincollabor
26、ationwiththeInternationalInstituteofWeldingwhichhas beenapprovedbytheISOCouncilasaninternationalstandardizingbodyinthefieldofwelding. Thissecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO8249:1985),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised. AnnexesAandBofthisInternationalStandardareforinformationonly. EN ISO
27、8249:2000 v Introduction Atpresent,thereisnouniversalopinionconcerningthebestexperimentalmethodthatgivesanabsolute measurementoftheamountofferriteinaweldmetal,eitherdestructivelyornon-destructively.Thissituationhas ledtothedevelopmentanduse,internationally,oftheconceptofa“FerriteNumber“orFN.AFerrite
28、Numberisa descriptionoftheferritecontentofaweldmetaldeterminedusingastandardizedprocedure.Suchproceduresare laiddowninthisInternationalStandard.TheFerriteNumberofaweldmetalhasbeenconsideredapproximately equivalenttothepercentageferritecontent,particularlyatlowFNvalues.Morerecentinformationsuggeststh
29、at theFNmayoverstatethevolumepercentferriteathigherFNbyafactorintheorderof1,3to1,5,whichdepends toacertainextentupontheactualcompositionofthealloyinquestion. AlthoughothermethodsareavailablefordeterminingtheFerriteNumber,thestandardizedmeasuringprocedure, laiddowninthisInternationalStandard,isbasedo
30、nassessingthetear-offforceneededtopulltheweldmetal samplefromamagnetofdefinedstrengthandsize.Therelationshipbetweentear-offforceandFNisobtained usingprimarystandardsconsistingofanon-magneticcoatingofspecifiedthicknessonamagneticbase.Each non-magneticcoatingthicknessisassignedanFNvalue. Theferritecon
31、tentdeterminedbythismethodisarbitraryandisnotnecessarilythetrueorabsoluteferritecontent. Inrecognitionofthisfact,theterm“FerriteNumber“(FN)shallbeusedinsteadof“ferritepercent“whenquotinga ferritecontentdeterminedbythismethod.Tohelpconveythemessagethatthisstandardizedcalibrationprocedure hasbeenused,
32、theterms“FerriteNumber“and“FN“arecapitalizedaspropernouns. EN ISO 8249:2000EN ISO 8249:2000 1 WeldingDeterminationofFerriteNumber(FN)inausteniticand duplexferritic-austeniticCr-Nistainlesssteelweldmetals 1 Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifiesthemethodandapparatusfor themeasurementofthedeltaferri
33、tecontent,expressedasFerriteNumber(FN),inlargelyausteniticand duplexferritic-austeniticstainlesssteel 1 weldmetalthroughtheattractiveforcebetweenaweldmetalsample andastandardpermanentmagnet; thepreparationandmeasurementofstandardpadsformanualmetalarccoveredelectrodes.Thegeneral methodisalsorecommend
34、edfortheferritemeasurementofproductionweldsandforweldmetalfromother processes,suchasgastungstenarcwelding,gasshieldedmetalarcweldingandsubmergedarcwelding(in thesecases,thewayofproducingthepadshouldbedefined); thecalibrationofotherinstrumentstomeasureFN. ThemethodlaiddowninthisInternationalStandardi
35、sintendedforuseonweldmetalsintheas-weldedstateand onweldmetalsafterthermaltreatmentscausingcompleteorpartialtransformationofferritetoanynon-magnetic phase.Austenitizingthermaltreatmentswhichalterthesizeandshapeoftheferritewillchangethemagnetic responseoftheferrite. Themethodisnotintendedformeasureme
36、ntoftheferritecontentofcast,forgedorwroughtausteniticorduplex ferritic-austeniticsteelsamples. 2 Normativereference Thefollowingnormativedocumentcontainsprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof
37、,thispublicationdo notapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardareencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionofthenormativedocumentindicatedbelow.Forundatedreferences, thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintainr
38、egistersof currentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO/TR15510:1997, Stainless steels Chemical composition. 3Principle Themeasurementoftheferritecontentoflargelyausteniticstainlesssteelweldmetalthroughtheattractiveforce betweenaweldmetalsampleandapermanentmagnetisbaseduponthefactthattheattractiveforce
39、betweena two-phase(ormultiphase)samplecontainingoneferromagneticphaseandone(ormore)non-ferromagnetic phase(s)increasesasthecontentoftheferromagneticphaseincreases.Inlargelyausteniticandduplexferritic- austeniticstainlesssteelweldmetal,ferriteismagnetic,whereasaustenite,carbides,sigmaphaseandinclusio
40、ns arenon-ferromagnetic. 1 Theterm“austenitic-ferritic(duplex)stainlesssteel“issometimesappliedinplaceof“duplexferritic-austeniticstainlesssteel“. EN ISO 8249:20002 4 Calibration 4.1 Coatingthicknessstandards Thecoatingthicknessstandardsshallconsistofnon-magneticcopperappliedtoanunalloyedsteelbaseof
41、size 30mm 30mm.Thethicknessoftheunalloyedsteelbaseshallbeequaltoorgreaterthantheexperimentally determinedminimumthicknessatwhichafurtherincreaseofthethicknessdoesnotcauseanincreaseofthe attractiveforcebetweenthestandardpermanentmagnetandthecoatingthicknessstandard.Thethicknessofthe non-magneticcoppe
42、rcoatingshallbeknowntoanaccuracyof 5%orbetter.Thechemicalcompositionof unalloyedsteelshallbewithinthefollowinglimits: Element Limit % C 0,08to0,13 Si 0,10max. Mn 0,30to0,60 P0,040max. S0,050max. Thecoppercoatingmaybecoveredbyachromiumflash.Theforcerequiredtotearoffagivenpermanentmagnet fromthecopper
43、coatingsideofsuchastandardincreasesasthethicknessofthecoppercoatingdecreases. NOTE Toensureadequatereproducibilityofthecalibration,thecoatingthicknessstandardsdefinedaboveshouldbe used.Inparticular,coatingthicknessstandardsproducedbytheUSNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST, formerlyNation
44、alBureauofStandardsorNBS)maybeused. 4.2 Magnet Thestandardmagnetshallbeapermanentmagnetofcylindricalshape,2mmindiameterandabout50mmin length.Oneendofthemagnetshallbehemispherical,witha1mmradiusandpolished.Asanexample,sucha magnetcanbemadeof36%cobaltmagnetsteel,48,45mm 0,05mmlong,magneticallysaturate
45、dandthen dilutedto85%.Themagneticstrengthofthemagnetshallbesuchthattheforceneededtotearoffthestandard magnetfromthedifferentcoatingthicknessstandardsiswithin 10%oftherelationshipshowninFigure1(the weightofthemagnetexcluded).Thisisequivalenttoarelationshipbetweentear-offforceandFerriteNumberof 5,0FN/
46、g 0,5FN/g. 4.3 Instruments Themeasurementbythismethodshallbemadebyaninstrumentenablinganincreasingtear-offforcetobe appliedtothemagnetperpendicularlytothesurfaceofthetestspecimen.Thetear-offforceshallbeincreaseduntil thepermanentmagnetisdetachedfromthetestspecimen.Theinstrumentshallaccuratelymeasure
47、thetear-off forcewhichisrequiredfordetachment.ThereadingoftheinstrumentmaybedirectlyinFNoringrams-forceorin otherunits.IfthereadingoftheinstrumentisinunitsotherthanFN,therelationshipbetweentheFNandthe instrumentreadingshallbedefinedbyacalibrationcurve 2 . 2 Manyinstrumentsusedtomeasurethethicknessof
48、anon-magneticcoatingoveraferromagneticbasearesuitable(e.g. MAGNE-GAGEofUSAorigin)andsomecommerciallyavailableinstrumentsaredesigneddirectlyformeasurementofferrite content(e.g.ALPHA-PHASE-METERofformerUSSRorigin).Inaddition,aftersuitablein-housealterations,somelaboratory balancescanbeused. EN ISO 8249:2000 3 Figure1Relationshipbetweenthetear-offforcesofthestandardmagnetdefinedin4.2andthecoating thicknessstandardsdefinedin4.1 4.4 Ca
