1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 8689-1:2000 BS
2、6068-5.26:2000 The European Standard EN ISO 8689-1:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.060.10; 13.060.70 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Water quality Biological classification of rivers Part 1: Guidance on the interpretation of biological quality
3、data from surveys of benthic macroinvertebratesThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2000 BSI 08-2000 ISBN 0 580 34789 3 BS EN ISO
4、 8689-1:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 8689-1:2000. It is identical with ISO 8689-1:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Wat
5、er quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related
6、 international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This is one of a series of standards on water quality, others of which have been, or will be, published as sections of BS 6068
7、. The various sections of BS 6068 are comprised within Parts 1 to 7, which, together with Part 0, are listed below. Part 0 Introduction Part 1 Glossary Part 2 Physical, chemical and biochemical methods Part 3 Radiological methods Part 4 Microbiological methods Part 5 Biological methods Part 6 Sampli
8、ng Part 7 Precision and accuracy Note. The tests described in this British Standard should be carried out by suitably qualified persons with an appropriate level of biological expertise. Standard biological procedures should be followed throughout. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact tha
9、t CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under th
10、e section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applic
11、ation. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 6, the annex ZA page and
12、 a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EN ISO 8689-1:2000Referencenumber ISO8689-1:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8689-1 Firstedition 2000-03-15 WaterqualityBiologicalclassificationof rivers Part1: Guidanceontheinterpretatio
13、nofbiological qualitydatafromsurveysofbenthic macroinvertebrates Qualit de leau Classification biologique des rivires Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour linterprtation des donnes relatives la qualit biologique partir dtudes des macro-invertbrs benthiques EN ISO 8689-1:2000ii EN ISO 8689-1:2000ISO-986
14、81:(0002)Eiii Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeene
15、stablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredr
16、aftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeof
17、theelementsofthispartofISO8689maybethesubjectofpatent rights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO8689-1waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC147, Water quality, SubcommitteeSC5, Biological methods. ISO8689consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegene
18、raltitle Water quality Biological classification of rivers: Part 1: Guidance on the interpretation of biological quality data from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates Part 2: Guidance on the presentation of biological quality data from surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates AnnexAofthispartofISO868
19、9isforinformationonly. EN ISO 8689-1:2000ISO-98681:(0002)E iv Introduction Manycountriesusebenthicmacroinvertebratesinsurveillanceandmonitoringprogrammestoproducebiological classificationsofrunningwatersthatevaluateavarietyofman-madestresses 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 .Thelistofbenthic macroinvertebratetaxafound
20、duringasurveyisnormallyusedtocalculateabiologicalindexorscorewhichisrelated toaparticularstress 2,3,4,5,6,7 .Aclassificationcanbeproducedbycomparisonbetweenareferencecommunity, whichrepresentsunstressedconditions,andtheobservedcommunity 6,8 .Thistypeofclassificationtakesintoaccount thenaturalvariabi
21、lityofbiologicalcommunities. Asyetthereisnosingleclassificationorindexschemethatcoversallgeographicalregions 1,2,3,5 .Forriverswhich crossnationalboundariesthereisespeciallyaneedtohaveclassificationswhicharethesameorareatleast comparable 9,10 .Acomparisonexerciseallowsconversiontobemadebetweenthedif
22、feringclassification schemes,withouttheneedtosampleandanalysedatausingthedifferentmethodseachtimeacomparisonis required. AccordingtothepreciseusetowhichthispartofISO8689istobeput,itisessentialforspecifiersandusers mutuallytoagreeanynecessaryvariationoroptionalproceduraldetailspriortouse. EN ISO 8689
23、-1:2000INTERNATIONALSTANDADR ISO-98681:(0002)E1 WaterqualityBiologicalclassificationofrivers Part1: Guidanceontheinterpretationofbiologicalqualitydatafrom surveysofbenthicmacroinvertebrates 1 Scope ThispartofISO8689givesguidanceontheinterpretationofbiologicalqualitydatarelatingtorunningwatersfrom su
24、rveysofbenthicmacroinvertebrates.Itisrecognizedthatforacompleteassessmentofecologicalstatus,other elementsofbiologicalqualityshouldbeassessed. NOTE AnnexAgivesguidanceonhowthecomparisonofthevariousclassificationsystemscanbemadewhere classificationsofthebiologicalqualityofrunningwatersusingbenthicmac
25、roinvertebratesalreadyexist. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thispartofISO8689.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthesepublications donotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthis
26、partofISO8689areencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forundated references,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO5667-3, Water qualit
27、y Sampling Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples. ISO7828, Water quality Methods of biological sampling Guidance on handnet sampling of aquatic benthic macro-invertebrates. ISO8265, Water quality Design and use of quantitative samplers for benthic macro-invertebrates on stony
28、substrata in shallow freshwaters. ISO9391, Water quality Sampling in deep waters for macro-invertebrates Guidance on the use of colonization, qualitative and quantitative samplers. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthispartofISO8689,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO5667,ISO7828,ISO8265and ISO9391
29、andthefollowingapply. 3.1 watercourse bodyofsurfacewaterthathasrunningwaterperenniallyoratsometimeduringtheannualhydrologiccycle EN ISO 8689-1:2000ISO-98681:(0002)E 2 3.2 expectednaturalcommunity communitypresentatasitewhenonlynaturalstress(e.g.flooding)occursandman-madestressisabsentornot sufficien
30、ttoalterthenaturalcommunitysignificantly 4 Classification 4.1 Introduction Toevaluatestressusingdatafromsurveysofbenthicmacroinvertebratecommunitiesinrunningwaters,thedata fromthesite(theobserveddata)shouldbecomparedwithasetofreferencedata.Thereferencedatarepresent theexpectednaturalcommunitythatwou
31、ldbefoundatthesite,whenonlynaturalstressesarepresentandman- madestressesareabsentorconsideredtobeinsignificant.Aclassificationofsitesisbasedonthedisparity betweenobserveddataandreferencedata. 4.2 Observeddata Theobserveddatasetshouldbebasedoncollectionsofmacroinvertebratesusingstandardsamplingmethod
32、sas describedinISO7828,ISO8265andISO9391. 4.3 Referencedata Itisrecommendedthatreferencedatabecollatedinoneoracombinationofthefollowingways. a) Wherehistoricalrecordsexistforthesiteinitsnaturalconditiontheseshouldbeused(e.g.AMOEBA 11 system). b) Wheresimilarunstressedsiteshavebeensurveyed,thedatafro
33、mtheseshouldbeusedtopredictthe communityforthesitesunderinvestigation.Thepredictionsystemcanbeasimpledirectcomparisonwith unstressedsitesinthesamecatchmentoracomparableregion.Morecomplexpredictionscanbebasedon nationaldatabasesofsiteswhereman-madestressisabsentorconsideredtobeinsignificantandassocia
34、ted computerprogrammes(e.g.RiverInvertebratePredictionandClassificationSystem 12,13 ). c) Whereaprocedurehasbeendevisedandvalidatedthatcalculatesanindexvaluerelevanttothelevelof stressandthisalreadytakesintoaccountareferencedatasetortheconceptofreferenceconditionsthis shouldbeused(e.g.Indicebiologiq
35、ueglobalnormalis 14 ,Saprobien 15 ,Leitbild 6 ,Peeters et al. 16 ). Referenceconditionsmaynotbesuitableasamanagementobjective,inwhichcasetheyaretobeusedinthe classificationforcomparisonpurposesonly. 4.4 Indices/scores Tomeasurethelevelofaparticularstress,abiologicalindexorscorespecificallydesignedto
36、evaluatethestress shouldbeused 17 .Themostwidelyevaluatedstress,usingthebenthicmacroinvertebratecommunity,hasbeen organicpollutionandmanyscoresandindiceshavebeendevisedtoevaluatethisstress 2,3,5,18 .Inmanycountries thereisincreasinguseofmacroinvertebratebasedindicestoevaluateotherstressese.g.current
37、velocity,substratum alterationsandeutrophication 16 . Whenanationalindexorscoreforaparticularstressdoesnotalreadyexist,itisrecommendedthatonebedevised usingthefollowingmethod:agroupofnationalexpertsgiveseachtaxonavaluereflectingitstolerancetothe stress 12,13 ;thevaluemayalsotakeintoaccounttheabundan
38、ceofthetaxonanditssuitabilityasanindicator 6,15 (seeNotesbelow).Thesiteindexisthenderivedusingthetoleranceforthetaxafoundatthesiteandcanbe expressedasatotalscoreorasanaveragescorepertaxon 6,11,12,13,14,15 .Itisrecommendedthatinthefirst instancefamilylevelidentificationbeused;ifmorediscriminationisre
39、quired,higherresolutionatgenusorspecieslevel isnecessary. EN ISO 8689-1:2000ISO8-9861:(0002)E3 NOTE1 Itispossibletodirectlycomparethetaxonomiclistsoftheobserveddataandthereferencedata,usingCommunity ComparisonIndices 19 .Ifthereisnosignificantdifferenceinthetwosetsofdata,noman-madestressisindicated.
40、Disparities inthetwosetsofdatacanindicatethatstressisoccurring.Thetypesofstresscanbeinvestigatedusingspecificindices(e.g. organicpollutionindex,acidityindexetc.).Knowledgeoftheecologicalrequirementsofthetaxamissingmayalsoindicate possiblestressors.Thenumberoftaxamissingcanindicatetheseverityofastres
41、s. NOTE2 Moog 7 andWalleyandHawkes 20 haveshownthatwhensufficientbiologicalandenvironmentaldataare availabletolerancevaluescanbederivedobjectively.PeetersandGardeniers 21 haveshownthathabitatrequirementsfor macroinvertebratescanbederivedfromlargedatabaseswiththehelpoflogisticregressionprocedures. 4.
42、5 Classification/banding Aclassificationshouldbeproducedbycomparingtheobserveddatawiththereferencedata.Whenanindexisused, separateindicesorscoresfortheobserveddataandreferencedatashouldbecalculated.Thedisparitybetweenthe observedandthereferenceindicesorscoresshouldthenbecalculated.Theclassifications
43、ystemshouldbebasedon thedisparitybetweentheobservedandreference;thisdisparityisconsideredtorepresentthedegreeofstressandcan beexpressedastheratiooftheobservedtoreference. Whereasuitablenationalclassificationdoesnotexist,itisrecommendedthataclassificationbeproducedwithfive bandswhichindicateincreasin
44、gdegreesofstressasshowninTable1. Table1Five-bandclassificationforbenthicmacroinvertebratequality Benthicmacroinvertebrate qualityclassifications Comments High Theobservedcommunitycorrespondstotallyor nearlytotallytoconditionswhereman-madestress isabsentorconsideredinsignificant(undisturbed) Good The
45、reareslightchangesintheobserved communitycomparedwiththereference community. Moderate Thecompositionoftheobservedcommunitydiffers moderatelyfromthereferencecommunity.Major taxonomicgroupsofthereferencecommunityare absent. Poor Thecompositionoftheobservedcommunitydiffers significantlyfromthereference
46、community.Many ofthetaxonomicgroupsofthereference communityareabsent. Bad Theobservedcommunityisseverelyimpaired comparedwiththereferencecommunity.Only taxonomicgroupscapableoflivinginextremely disturbedconditionsarepresent. Arecordshouldbemadeofthosesiteswherenomacroinvertebrateswerefound,forexampl
47、eduetoextremetoxicity. Thetopbandoftheclassification,“highbenthicmacroinvertebratebiologicalquality“,indicatestheconditionofasite whenthesignificantnaturalandman-madestressesareabsentorconsideredtobeinsignificant.Theremaining classesareconsideredtoindicateincreasinglevelsofman-madestress.Thetopbands
48、houldbewideenoughto accommodatethenaturalvariabilityofcommunities.Estimatesofnaturallyoccurringvariabilityshouldbemadeby observationofreferencesitesand/orbypredictivetechniques.Theremainingrangeoftheclassificationshouldbe dividedintofourpartsindicatingincreasingman-madestress. NOTE Wherethenaturalva
49、riabilityresultsinatopbandthatisalargepartoftherangeoftheclassificationthesubdivision intotheremainingbandsisnotjustified,asthissubdivisionisnotconsideredtoreflectman-madestress. EN ISO 8689-1:2000ISO-98681:(0002)E 4 AnnexA (informative) Methodologyforcomparisonofclassifications A.1Generalconsiderations Acomparisonexerciseallowstheconversiontobemadebetweenclassificationswithouttheneedforsamplingand analysisofthedatafromeachclassificationeachtimeacomparisonisrequired.Comparisonshouldbemadebetwee
