1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 9073-4:1997 Textiles Test methods for nonwovens Part 4: Determination of tear resistance (ISO 9073-4:1997) The European Standard EN ISO 9073-4:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.30BSENISO9073-4:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the di
2、rectionof the Sector Board forMaterials and Chemicals, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes intoeffecton 15October1997 BSI 09-1999 ISBN 0 580 28545 6 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN ISO9073-4:1997. It is identical with ISO9073-
3、4:1997. It supersedes BS EN29073-4:1992 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European comm
4、ittee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-refe
5、rences Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding or European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be f
6、ound in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standa
7、rds are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN ISO title page, page 2, the ISO title page, pages ii t
8、o iv, pages 1 and 2, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSENISO9073-4:1
9、997 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword 2 Foreword iii Text of ISO 9073-4 1ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 9073-4 July 1997 ICS 59.080.00 Supersedes EN 29073-4:1992 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Textiles Test meth
10、ods for nonwovens Part4:Determination of tear resistance (ISO 9073-4:1997) Textiles Mthodes dessai pour nontisss Partie 4: Dtermination de la rsistance la dchirure (ISO 9073-4:1997) Textilien Prfverfahren fr Vliesstoffe Teil 4: Bestimmung der Weiterreifestigkeit (ISO 9073-4:1997) This European Stand
11、ard was approved by CEN on1997-07-05. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such n
12、ational standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
13、notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
14、nd and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.
15、No. EN ISO 9073-4:1997 EENISO9073-4:1997 BSI 09-1999 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard ISO9073-4:1997 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 “Textiles” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held b
16、y BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February1998. This European Standard supersedes EN29073-
17、4:1992. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norw
18、ay, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO9073-4:1997 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modifications. NOTENormative references to International Standards are listed inAnnex ZA (normative).E
19、NISO9073-4:1997 ii BSI 09-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Principle 1 4 Apparatus 1 5 Sampling 1 6 Preparation and conditioning of test pieces 1 7 Procedure 1 8 Expression of results 2 9 Test report 2 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to in
20、ternational publications with their relevant European publications Inside back cover Figure 1 Template for trapezoid tearing test 2 Descriptors: Textiles, fabrics, non-woven fabrics, tests, tear tests, determination, tear strength.ENISO9073-4:1997 BSI 09-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Orga
21、nization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establis
22、hed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization
23、. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO9073-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/
24、TC38, Textiles. This second edition replaces and cancels the first edition (ISO9073-4:1989), clause3, Figure 1, subclause6.2, subclause7.2 and clause8 of which have been technically revised. ISO9073 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textiles Test methods for nonwovens: Part 1:
25、 Determination of mass per unit area; Part 2: Determination of thickness; Part 3: Determination of tensile strength and elongation; Part 4: Determination of tear resistance.iv blankENISO9073-4:1997 BSI 09-1999 1 Introduction Although nonwovens are classified within the textile industry, it should be
26、 recognized that nonwovens technologically share characteristics not only with textile products but also with paper and/or plastic products. There is no current International Standard for determination of tear strength of textiles, but work is proceeding on determination of tear resistance (falling
27、pendulum method, ISO9290:1990, Textiles Woven fabrics Determination of tear resistance by falling pendulum method) and determination of tear resistance (tongue-tear method). This method, which uses a trapezoidal tear, is a tension test in which the strength is determined primarily by the fibres of t
28、he composite structure and their bonding or interlocking. It is useful for estimating relative ease of tearing of nonwovens. In nonwovens, the mechanism of failure is affected by interfibre frictional forces and differs from that found for woven fabrics, where failure is essentially that of sequenti
29、al rupture of yarns in tension. There is evidence that this test may not be applicable to nonwovens above a certain mass per unit area and stiffness. Additional work on this problem is in progress. 1 Scope This part of ISO9073 specifies a method for the determination of tear resistance of nonwovens
30、by the trapezoid method. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO9073. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreem
31、ents based on this part of ISO9073 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 139:1973, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning a
32、nd testing. ISO 186:1994, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality. 3 Principle Marking of a trapezoid on a test piece. Clamping of the non-parallel sides of the trapezoid in the jaws of a tensile testing machine. Application of a continuously increasing extension to the test piece in s
33、uch a way that a tear propagates across its width. Determination of the average maximum tear resistance in newtons. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Tensile testing machine, either constant rate of extension type or constant rate of traverse type, equipped with an autographic recorder to register applied force. 4.2
34、Clamps, of sufficient width to accommodate the full width of the test piece. 4.3 Template, with dimensions as shown in Figure 1. 5 Sampling Carry out sampling in accordance with ISO186, ensuring that the areas from which the specimens are taken have no visible flaws and are not creased. NOTE 1This m
35、ethod of sampling recognizes and makes provisions for “anisotropy” (differences in properties along various directions, principally machine and cross direction) in the final specimens. However, these specimens are random representatives of the material and in some cases it may be desirable to invest
36、igate systematic variations of properties (including anisotropy), for example across the width, or in certain positions along the length of a given reel. In all such cases, special provisions should be agreed between purchaser and vendor and recorded in the test report. A procedure for more detailed
37、 examination of variability within a given batch of material is available in TAPPI T11.05.74 and may be found helpful. This publication may be obtained from: The Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industries, 1 Dunwoody Park, Atlanta, Georgia30338, USA. 6 Preparation and conditioning of test pi
38、eces 6.1 Unless otherwise specified, cut five test pieces in the machine direction and five in the cross-machine direction. NOTE 2The edge of the specimen should not normally form part of the test piece. 6.2 Cut test pieces (75 1) mm (1502) mm. Mark each test piece with an isosceles trapezoid using
39、the template. Make a preliminary cut as shown inFigure 1. NOTE 3Other dimensions, respecting the general proportions of the original test piece, may be agreed between interested parties, especially in order to reproduce some in-use conditions of nonwovens, and should be noted in the test report. The
40、 values measured with different test piece dimensions cannot be compared. 6.3 Condition the test pieces as specified in ISO139. 7 Procedure 7.1 Carry out the testing in the standard atmosphere for testing (see ISO139).ENISO9073-4:1997 2 BSI 09-1999 7.2 At the start of the test, set the clamps (25 1)
41、 mm apart and operate the machine at100mm/min. Select the force range of the testing machine so that the break occurs between10% and90% of full scale. 7.3 Secure the test piece in the machine, clamping along the non-parallel sides of the trapezoid with the cut half-way between the clamps. Hold the s
42、hort edge taut and let the long edge lie in folds. 7.4 Start the machine with pawls disengaged, if appropriate, and record the tearing force, in newtons, on the autographic recorder. If the test piece does not tear at the cut, no result shall be registered. NOTE 4The tearing force will not usually b
43、e a single value but will generally appear as a series of maxima and minima. 8 Expression of results Determine the average value of the series of significant load peaks (see note5) represented on the autographic record for each individual test piece for both machine direction and cross direction. In
44、 the event that there is only one definite load peak on the autographic record, this value shall be taken as the result for that specimen. Determine the mean and coefficient of variation of the results for the five test pieces in both the machine and cross directions. NOTE 5The displacement of the c
45、lamps is measured with the starting distance between the clamps at25mm. The tear propagation resistance is recorded until the test piece breaks completely, but the results are only valid up to the displacement of the clamps reaching64mm. Beyond this value, the measured tear force is reduced by the p
46、roximity of the border of the test piece. For this reason, the significant peak loads to be considered are those corresponding to the displacement of the clamps below the limit of64mm. NOTE 6Where electronic recording machines are used, it is possible to obtain a mean force for each test piece, whic
47、h is then averaged to give the final results. For the same reason as expressed in note5, the mean force should be calculated between the following two limits: the displacement of the clamps corresponding to the first load peak; the displacement of the clamps equal to64mm. 9 Test report The test repo
48、rt shall include the following information: a) a reference to this par of ISO9073; b) all details necessary for the identification of the material; c) the results of the tests in both the machine direction and cross direction (seeclause8); d) the conditioning atmosphere used; e) any unusual features
49、 noted during the testing, or deviations from the standard procedure. Figure 1 Template for trapezoid tearing testENISO9073-4:1997 BSI 09-1999 3 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
