1、BRITISH STANDARD BSENISO 9237:1995 Textiles Determination of the permeability of fabrics to air The European Standard ENISO9237:1995 has the status of a British StandardBSENISO9237:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board forMaterials and Chemicals, was
2、published under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15 October1995 BSI09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference TCI/24 Draft for comment93/306333 DC ISBN 0 580 24742 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The pre
3、paration of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists Association of Suppliers to the British Clothing Industry British Apparel and Textile Confederation Brit
4、ish Measurement and Testing Association British Polyolefin Textiles Association British Textile Technology Group British Throwsters Association Furniture Industry Research Association International Wool Secretariat Minsitry of Defence SATRA Footwear Technology Centre Society of Dyers and Colourists
5、Textile Finishers Association Textile Institute Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSENISO9237:1995 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definition 3 4 Principle 3 5 Sampling
6、3 6 Atmospheres for conditioning and testing 3 7 Apparatus 3 8 Conditioning of samples and test conditions 3 9 Test procedure 4 10 Calculation and expression of results 4 11 Test report 4 Annex A (informative) Advice on checking the calibration and conducting the test 5 Annex B (informative) Suggest
7、ed sampling procedure 5 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their relevant European publications 6 Table B.1 Bulk sample 5 List of references Inside back coverBSENISO9237:1995 ii BSI 09-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technic
8、al Committee TCI/24 and is the English language version of ENISO9237:1995 published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), which is identical with ISO9237:1995, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This British Standard supersedes BS5636:1990 which is
9、withdrawn. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication r
10、eferred to Corresponding British Standard ISO48:1994 BS903 Physical testing of rubberPart A26:1995 Method for determination of hardness ISO139:1973 BSEN20139:1992 Textiles. Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO10012-1:1992 BSEN30012 Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipm
11、ent BSEN30012-1:1994 Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipment Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theEN ISOtitle page, pages2 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and m
12、ay have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM ENISO9237 June1995 ICS59.080.30 Descriptors: Textiles, fabrics, tests, determination, gas permeability English version Textiles Determination
13、 of permeability of fabrics to air (ISO9237:1995) Textiles Dtermination de la permabilit lair des toffes (ISO9237:1995) Textilien Bestimmung der Luftdurchlssigkeit von textilen Flchengebilden (ISO9237:1995) This European Standard was approved by CEN on1995-05-05. CEN members are bound to comply with
14、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretaria
15、t or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official v
16、ersions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normal
17、isation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved in all countries to CEN and its members. Ref. No. ENISO9237:1995 EENISO9237:1995 BSI 09-1999 2 Foreword The text of t
18、he International Standard ISO9237:1995 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC38, Textiles, in collaboration with CEN/TC248, Textiles and textile products. It has been submitted to Parallel Vote and was approved on1995-05-05 as a European Standard. This European Standard shall be given the s
19、tatus of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December1995. According to CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implemen
20、t this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.ENISO9237:1995 BSI 09-1999 3 1 Scope This International Standard describes a method for measuri
21、ng the permeability of fabrics to air and is applicable to most types of fabrics, including industrial fabrics for technical purposes, nonwovens and made-up textile articles that are permeable to air. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this
22、text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent e
23、ditions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between10IRHD and100IRHD). ISO139:1973, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning a
24、nd testing. ISO10012-1:1992, Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment Part1: Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipment. 3 Definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definition applies. 3.1 air permeability velocity of an air flow passing pe
25、rpendicularly through a test specimen under specified conditions of test area, pressure drop and time 4 Principle The rate of flow of air passing perpendicularly through a given area of fabric is measured at a given pressure difference across the fabric test area over a given time period. 5 Sampling
26、 Select samples either in accordance with the procedure laid down in the material specification for the fabric, or as agreed between the interested parties. In the absence of specification, follow the example of sampling given in Annex B. 6 Atmospheres for conditioning and testing The atmospheres fo
27、r preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in ISO139. 7 Apparatus Metrological confirmation of the test apparatus shall be carried out in accordance with ISO10012-1. 7.1 Circular specimen holder, with an orifice allowing the test to be carried out on an area of5cm 2 ,20cm 2 ,5
28、0cm 2or100cm 2 . The tolerance on the test area shall not exceed 0,5%. NOTE 1Adequate support of the test specimen, particularly for large test surfaces, is recommended. 7.2 Means for clamping, to secure the specimen without distortion. NOTE 2Care should be taken to prevent leakage of air around the
29、 edges of the test specimen. Alternatively the leakage may be measured separately and subtracted from the test results. 7.3 Guard ring device, to prevent leakage, for optional use in conjunction with the clamping means(7.2), (seeA.2.1). 7.4 Pressure gauge or manometer, connected to the test head to
30、indicate a pressure drop across the specimen test area of50Pa,100Pa,200Pa or500Pa, with an accuracy of at least2%. 7.5 Means for drawing a steady flow of air at controlled temperature and humidity through the specimen holder and for adjusting the flowrate to produce a pressure drop across the specim
31、en of between50Pa and500Pa. 7.6 Flowmeter, volumetric counter or measuring aperture, indicating the rate of air flow in cubic decimetres per minute (litres per minute) with an accuracy of at least 2%. NOTE 3Flowmeters or volumetric counters measuring the rate of air flow in cubic centimetres per sec
32、ond (or other suitable units) may be used if the required accuracy of at least 2% is maintained. 8 Conditioning of samples and test conditions Prior to test the samples shall be conditioned and the test performed in the standard atmosphere for testing (see clause6). Recommended conditions for the te
33、st are: test surface area:20cm 2 ; pressure drop:100Pa for apparel fabrics; pressure drop:200Pa for industrial fabrics.ENISO9237:1995 4 BSI 09-1999 In cases where these pressure drops cannot be achieved or are not appropriate, an alternative pressure drop of50Pa or500Pa may be used and/or an alterna
34、tive test area of5cm 2 ,50cm 2or100cm 2may be chosen, if agreed between the interested parties. NOTE 4For comparison of results it is recommended to perform the test with the same test area and pressure drop. 9 Test procedure NOTE 5Advice on checking calibration and conducting the test is given in A
35、nnex A. Mount the test specimen in the circular specimen holder (7.1) with sufficient tension to eliminate wrinkles, if any, taking care that the fabric is not distorted in its own plane. Avoid selvedges and areas with creases or folded places. For fabrics for which the air permeability may be diffe
36、rent between the two faces of the fabric, specify in the test report see11 a)2) which face was tested. Clamp specimens coated on one side with the coating towards the lower pressure side to prevent air leakage. Start the suction fan or other means (7.5) to force the air through the test specimen and
37、 adjust the flow of air gradually till a pressure drop, as recommended above, is achieved across the test area of the fabric. Record the air flow (see7.6) after at least1min or until steady conditions are achieved. NOTE 6Some devices, e.g.volumetric counters, may need a volume of air flow of about10
38、dm 3to assure the required accuracy. Repeat the test at different locations on the sample at least10times under the same conditions. 10 Calculation and expression of results 10.1 Calculate the arithmetic mean of the individual readings and the coefficient of variation (to the nearest0,1%), stating t
39、he95% confidence interval. 10.2 Calculate the air permeability, R, expressed in millimetres per second, using the equation where 10.3 For open fabrics and nonwovens, the air permeability R may be expressed in metres per second using the equation where and A are as defined in10.2. 10.4 Express the95%
40、 confidence interval in the units specified in10.2 or10.3, rounding the result R to2% of the value obtained in10.2 or10.3. 11 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) general information: 1) the number and year of publication of this International Standard, i.e.ISO9237
41、:1995, and the date of test; 2) all information necessary for complete identification of the sample tested and, if required, indication of the direction of air flow through the fabric; 3) test surface area used, in square centimetres; 4) pressure drop used, in pascals; 5) number of specimens tested;
42、 6) the conditioning and testing atmosphere used; 7) any deviation from the procedure specified. b) test results: 1) mean air permeability, in millimetres per second or metres per second, as applicable; 2) coefficient of variation, in percent; 3) 95% confidence interval, in millimetres per second or
43、 metres per second, as applicable. is the arithmetic mean flowrate of air, in cubic decimetres per minute (litres per minute); A is the area of fabric under test, in square centimetres; 167 is the conversion factor from cubic decimetres (or litres) per minute per square centimetre to millimetres per
44、 second. R q v A -167 = q v R q v A -0167 , = q v RENISO9237:1995 BSI 09-1999 5 Annex A (informative) Advice on checking the calibration and conducting the test A.1 Checking the apparatus and calibration It is advisable to check the calibration and the proper functioning of the apparatus weekly if i
45、n constant use, prior to testing if used infrequently, and after the apparatus has been moved or repaired. The calibration of the apparatus should be checked periodically against a primary reference standard, at intervals of no greater than12months. The calibration of the pressure gauge(7.4) should
46、also be checked periodically. A calibration check plate with test aperture of known air permeability at given pressure drop should be used for checking the calibration. Ensure the reproducibility of the exact position of the check plate in the circular specimen holder(7.1) to avoid any air leakage.
47、Means for checking the calibration recommended for specific types of apparatus should be used in accordance with the specification of the apparatus and the required accuracy of the test. A.2 Conducting the test A.2.1 Edge leakage may be prevented by means of an annular guard ring(7.3). The pressure
48、drop acrosss the guard ring is measured by a separate pressure gauge or manometer(7.4); the air drawn through the guard ring should not pass through the flowmeter(7.6). The pressure drops across the test and the guard ring surfaces are equalized, so that no air can pass edgewise either to or from th
49、e test surfaces. If the measuring device is not equipped with a guard ring, the rate of edge leakage can be determined by covering the sample with a rubber plate of the same size as the sample. Rubber plates1mm to2mm thick, having a hardness of65 IRHD to70 IRHD when tested in accordance with ISO48, have been found to be suitable. A.2.2 Clamps on the fabric surface should be faced with a suitable grade of rubber (see7.2). Gaskets2,5mm thick and having a hardness of65IRHD to70IRHD when tested in accordance with ISO48 have been foun
