1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 9241-15:1998 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 15: Command dialogues The European Standard ENISO9241-15:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.180; 35.180BSEN ISO 9241-15:1998 This British Standard, having been prepa
2、red under the directionof the Health and Environment Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comesinto effect on 15 May 1998 BSI 04-1999 ISBN 0 580 28843 9 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of ENISO9241-15:1997. It is identical
3、 with ISO9241-15:1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/6, User system interfaces, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European commi
4、ttee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this Subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-re
5、ferences Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in
6、this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. U
7、sers of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theENISOtitle page, page 2, the ISO ti
8、tle page, pages ii to iv, page1 to 23 anda back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSENISO9241-15:1998
9、BSI 04-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword 2 Foreword iii Text of EN ISO 9241-15 1ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM ENISO 9241-15 December1997 ICS13.180; 35.180 Descriptors: See ISO document English version Ergonomic requirements for office work
10、 with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 15: Command dialogues (ISO 9241-15:1997) Exigences ergonomiques pour travail de bureau avec terminaux crans de visualisation (TEV) Partie 15: Dialogues de type langage de commande (ISO9241-15:1997) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 January 199
11、8. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained o
12、n application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretaria
13、t has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN Europea
14、n Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. ENISO 9241-15:1997 EENISO 9241
15、-15:1997 BSI 04-1999 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard ISO9241-15:1997 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with CEN/CS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
16、by endorsement, at the latest by June1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgi
17、um, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO9241-15:1997 was approved by CEN as a European Standard w
18、ithout any modification.ENISO9241-15:1997 ii BSI 04-1999 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 2 3 Application of ISO 9241-15 3 4 Structure and syntax 4 5 Command representation 5 6 Input and output considerations 6 7 Feedback and help 7 Annex A (informative) Sample procedure for assess
19、ing applicability and adherence 9 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 20 Figure A.1 Part 15 Decision procen (Evaluation situation) 12 Descriptors: Ergonomics, office machines, computer peripheral equipment, text processing, data terminal equipment, display devices, specifications, operating requireme
20、nts.ENISO9241-15:1997 BSI 04-1999 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
21、 interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotec
22、hnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote.
23、 International Standard ISO9241-15 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee 4, Ergonomics of human-system interaction. ISO 9241 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 1:
24、General Introduction; Part 2: Guidance on task requirements; Part 3: Visual display requirements; Part 4: Keyboard requirements; Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements; Part 6: Environmental requirements; Part 7: Requirements for display with reflections; Part 8: Requirements for displ
25、ayed colours; Part 9: Requirements for non-keyboard input devices; Part 10: Dialogue principles; Part 11: Guidance on usability; Part 12: Presentation of information; Part 13: User guidance; Part 14: Menu dialogues; Part 15: Command dialogues; Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues; Part 17: Form-fi
26、lling dialogues. Annex A and Annex B of this part of ISO9241 are for information only.iv blankENISO9241-15:1997 BSI 04-1999 1 Introduction ISO 9241 covers both the hardware and software ergonomic aspects of the use of visual display terminals. The description of the individual parts of ISO9241, thei
27、r interrelationships, and a description of the expected users of the parts is described in ISO9241-1. ISO 9241-15 is concerned with the ergonomic design of command dialogues. In command dialogues, users input, by recall, either complete or abbreviated command phrases as required by the command langu
28、age syntax, and the computer performs the actions associated with the commands and their parameters. ISO 9241-15 serves the following types of user of this part of ISO9241: a) The user-interface designer, who will apply ISO9241-15 during the development process. b) The buyer, who will reference ISO9
29、241-15 during the product procurement process. c) Evaluators responsible for ensuring that products meet the recommendations in ISO9241-15. d) Designers of user-interface development tools to be used by interface designers. e) End-users who will gain from the potential benefits provided by this part
30、 of ISO9241. The ultimate beneficiary of this part of ISO9241 will be the end-user at the VDT. It is the needs of these users that provide the ergonomic recommendations in ISO9241-15. Although it is unlikely that the end-user will read this part of ISO9241 or even know of its existence, its applicat
31、ion should provide user interfaces that are more usable, consistent and that enable greater productivity. In order to apply ISO 9241-15 within the overall context of the ergonomic requirements for human-system interaction, it is suggested that users be familiar with the following parts of9241: ISO 9
32、241-1, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 1: General introduction. ISO 9241-2, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 2: Guidance on task requirements. ISO 9241-10, Ergonomic requirements for office work with vis
33、ual display terminals (VDTs) Part 10: Dialogue principles. ISO 9241-13, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 13: User guidance. ISO 9241-15 consists of a number of recommendations, some of which are conditional, concerning command dialogues. Conditional re
34、commendations are recommendations which should be met within the specific context for which they are relevant (e.g. particular kinds of users, tasks, environments, technology). These recommendations were developed primarily by reviewing the existing relevant literature and empirical evidence, then g
35、eneralizing and formulating this work into recommendations for use by the interface designer and/or evaluator. Sources for the individual recommendations are listed in Annex B. Designers and evaluators using ISO9241-15 need to know that they are developing an interface that will meet the recommendat
36、ions provided therein. Likewise, the buyer needs a means to determine how a product matches the recommendations in ISO9241-15. The elements can be tailored due to the “if then” structure in ISO9241-15. Additionally, it is not the intent of ISO9241-15 that every recommendation should be applied, only
37、 those that are relevant. The application of this part of ISO9241 is expected to improve the overall quality of the command language, but ISO9241-15 (like any other standard) will not guarantee the quality of the interface. Quality depends on specific usability criteria as set by the user, buyer or
38、other command-dialogue consumer which may include specifications based on this part of ISO9241. It should be noted that ISO9241-10 describes dialogue principles that are relevant for the design of command dialogues. These principles should provide the designer and evaluator with additional informati
39、on concerning the ergonomic rationale for the various recommendations in ISO9241-15 and, therefore, assist in making tradeoffs. However, it may be necessary to base tradeoffs on other considerations as well. 1 Scope This part of ISO 9241 provides recommendations for command dialogues used to accompl
40、ish typical office tasks using visual display terminals (VDTs). Command dialogues are sequences of instructions provided by the user to the system which, when processed, result in associated system actions. Users input (from recall, rather than selecting from a menu) complete or abbreviated command
41、phrases (e.g. mnemonics, letters, function keys, hot keys in the order required by the command language syntax and the computer performs the activities initiated by the command(s) and their associated parameters.ENISO 9241-15:1997 2 BSI 04-1999 Interface design depends upon the task, the user, the e
42、nvironment, and the available technology. Consequently, ISO9241-15 cannot be applied without a knowledge of the design and use context of the interface and it is not intended to be used as a prescriptive set of rules to be applied in their entirety. Rather, it assumes that the designer has proper in
43、formation available concerning task and user requirements and understands the use of available technology (this may require consultation with a qualified ergonomics professional as well as empirical testing with real users). ISO 9241-15 applies to the use of command dialogues, either in conjunction
44、with other dialogues (e.g.menus, direct manipulation) or as the primary dialogue technique (e.g.in the case of “dumb terminals” or where high speed is required in a particular application). In addition, this part of ISO9241 provides recommendations for those “key” commands (i.e. function keys and ho
45、t keys) which represent commands within a command dialogue. If the command functions are evident from the nature of their representation (e.g. pictorial icons) and invoking these functions does not require memory on the part of the user, this would not be considered a command dialogue according to I
46、SO9241-15. Commands can be accessed through other dialogue techniques (e.g.menu options, forms, direct manipulation). However, these methods do not require recall on the part of the user and will be excluded from this part of the standard and will be dealt with in other parts. It also should be note
47、d that ISO9241-15 does not provide guidance for dialogues which use “natural” language. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO9241, the following definitions apply: 2.1 argument independent variable (including object) used in a command phrase to modify or direct the action of a command N
48、OTEArguments often include parameters. 2.2 command whole word, abbreviation, or string of words representing actions requested of the system 2.3 command dialogue; command language command set(s), phrases, structure and syntax associated with a specific interaction of a user with a computer system by
49、 means of commands 2.4 command dialogue structure logical structure of the command dialogue (and associated phrases) 2.5 command queuing (stacking) accumulation of a series of command phrases in order to allow their input into the system as a group rather than require that they be entered and executed one at a time 2.6 command phrase phrase including the command (words or their abbreviations) and associated separators and arguments (parameters) EXAMPLE: Command word separator argument1 separator argume
