1、BSI Standards PublicationRadiation protection instrumentation Measurement of discrete radionuclides in the environment In situ photon spectrometry system using a germanium detectorBS IEC 61275:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of IEC 61275:2013.The UK participation
2、in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeNCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are respon
3、sible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 68223 0ICS 13.280Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPoli
4、cy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS IEC 61275:2013IEC 61275 Edition 2.0 2013-05 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Radiation protection instrumentation Measurement of discrete radionuclides in the environ
5、ment In situ photon spectrometry system using a germanium detector Instrumentation pour la radioprotection Mesure de radionuclides discrets prsents dans lenvironnement Systme de spectromtrie gamma in situ utilisant un dtecteur au germanium INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTRO
6、TECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE V ICS 13.280 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-83220-824-3 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
7、Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. BS IEC 61275:2013 2 61275 IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 1 Scope and object 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 3.1 Definitions . 8 3.2 Test nomenclature . 10 4 General requirements .
8、10 4.1 Basic components . 10 4.2 Examples of detector types 11 5 Classification of the performance characteristics . 11 6 General characteristics . 11 6.1 Indication . 11 6.2 Effective range of measurement of an assembly 12 6.3 Detector cooling 12 6.4 Detector type . 12 6.5 Detector housing . 12 6.6
9、 Detector window 12 6.7 Ease of decontamination 12 6.8 Safety considerations 12 6.9 Calibration . 12 7 General test procedures 12 7.1 Nature of tests . 12 7.2 Reference conditions and standard test conditions . 13 7.3 Position of assembly for purposes of tests . 13 7.4 Statistical fluctuations 13 7.
10、5 Low-level measurements . 13 7.6 Reference radiation . 13 8 Radiation tests 13 8.1 Variation of response with photon radiation energy . 13 8.1.1 Requirements 13 8.1.2 Test method 14 8.2 Variation of response with angle of incidence . 14 8.2.1 Requirements 14 8.2.2 Test methods . 14 8.3 Resolution .
11、 14 8.3.1 Requirements 14 8.3.2 Test methods . 14 8.4 Background contamination from the instrument assembly 14 8.4.1 Requirements 14 8.4.2 Test method 15 9 Assembly characteristics. 15 9.1 Statistical fluctuations 15 9.1.1 Requirements 15 9.1.2 Test method 15 9.2 Warm-up time 15 9.2.1 Requirements 1
12、5 BS IEC 61275:201361275 IEC:2013 3 9.2.2 Test method 15 9.3 Power supplies Battery operation 15 9.3.1 Requirements batteries . 15 9.3.2 Test method 15 9.4 Power supplies Mains operation 16 9.4.1 Requirements 16 9.4.2 Test method 16 10 Mechanical characteristics 16 10.1 Vibration and shock damage du
13、ring transport and shipping 16 10.1.1 Requirements 16 10.1.2 Tests for vibration damage . 16 10.1.3 Tests for vibration resistance . 17 10.1.4 Tests for mechanical shock 17 10.1.5 Tests for mechanical resistance . 17 11 Environmental requirements and tests 18 11.1 Requirements and tests at temperatu
14、re extremes 18 11.1.1 Requirements 18 11.1.2 Test method 18 11.2 Influence of relative humidity (RH) . 19 11.2.1 Requirements 19 11.2.2 Test method 19 11.3 Wind resistance requirements and tests . 19 11.3.1 Requirements 19 11.3.2 Test method 19 11.4 Temperature cycling of detector . 19 11.4.1 Requir
15、ements 19 11.4.2 Test method 19 11.5 Sealing requirements . 19 11.6 External electromagnetic fields 20 11.6.1 General . 20 11.6.2 Requirements 20 11.6.3 Test method 20 11.7 External magnetic fields . 20 11.7.1 Requirements 20 11.7.2 Test method 20 11.8 Storage and transport 20 12 Calibration recomme
16、ndations 20 13 Documentation . 20 13.1 Certificate 20 13.2 Operation and maintenance manuals . 21 Annex A (informative) Calibration . 26 Annex B (informative) Estimation of detector response from detector size, shape and relative efficiency 27 Annex C (informative) Data interpretation and use 28 Ann
17、ex D (informative) Expected total-absorption-peak count rates per unit deposition for selected freshly deposited radionuclides 31 Annex E (informative) Relative intrinsic uncertainty . 32 Bibliography 33 BS IEC 61275:2013 4 61275 IEC:2013 Figure 1 Angular distribution of incident fluence 25 Table 1
18、Reference and standard test conditions 22 Table 2 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities . 23 Table 3 Mechanical performance under test conditions . 24 Table 4 Tests for vibrating survival capability at various fixed frequencies . 24 Table 5 Tests for vibration resistance at smoothly
19、 varying frequencies 25 Table C.1 Primary photon fluence in air at a height of 1 m above the ground per unit source photon per unit area of exponentially distributed sources in the ground . 29 Table D.1 Total absorption peak count rate per minute per kBq m231 BS IEC 61275:201361275 IEC:2013 5 INTERN
20、ATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION MEASUREMENT OF DISCRETE RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT IN SITU PHOTON SPECTROMETRY SYSTEM USING A GERMANIUM DETECTOR FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardiz
21、ation comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes Internat
22、ional Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in
23、 this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
24、two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have
25、the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misint
26、erpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding nationa
27、l or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services car
28、ried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Co
29、mmittees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn
30、 to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not b
31、e held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61275 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation protection instrumentation, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition issued in
32、 1997. It constitutes a technical revision. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows: update the terminology to encompass the latest technologies, revise test methods to account for methodological developments and performance criteria with the latest HPGe detecto
33、r technologies and digital electronics. BS IEC 61275:2013 6 61275 IEC:2013 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 45B/762/FDIS 45B/769/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in
34、the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the
35、specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. BS IEC 61275:201361275 IEC:2013 7 RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION MEASUREMENT OF DISCRETE RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT IN SITU PHOTON SPECTROMETRY SYSTEM USING A GE
36、RMANIUM DETECTOR 1 Scope and object This International Standard is applicable to a portable or transportable photon spectrometry assembly using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector to survey, in situ, generally at 1 m above ground level, areas in the environment for discrete radionuclides. Such e
37、quipment is used to make rapid assessments of activity levels and corresponding free air exposure rates from photon emitting radionuclides. Such measurements may be used to develop guidance for subsequent follow-up action, for example including radiological assessments, sampling and monitoring progr
38、ammes. (This standard does not apply to mobile measurement systems that are covered by a separate standard. See IEC 62438.) This standard specifies for such an assembly the general characteristics and test methods for evaluating radiation, electrical, mechanical, safety and environmental characteris
39、tics specific to the applications described above. Advice is also provided in annexes as to the calibration, appropriate use and interpretation of the system for in situ measurements. An in situ spectrometry system is a combination of instruments or assemblies designed to measure, in situ, the fluen
40、ce of gamma-rays incident on the detector, in order to rapidly survey areas for discrete radionuclides present in the soil or air, either natural or manmade. The purpose of this standard is to specify the performance characteristics of assemblies intended for the determination of surface soil activi
41、ty. Accordingly, this standard a) specifies the functions and performance characteristics of measuring assemblies; and b) specifies the methods of testing compliance against the requirements of this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively refere
42、nced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60068 (all parts), Environmental testing IEC 61010-1, Safety requiremen
43、ts for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements IEC 61187:1993, Electrical and electronic measuring equipment Documentation IEC 62438:2010, Radiation protection instrumentation Mobile instrumentation for the measurement of photon and neutron radia
44、tion in the environment ISO 4037 (all parts), X and gamma reference radiation for calibrating dosimeters and dose ratemeters and for determining their response as a function of photon energy BS IEC 61275:2013 8 61275 IEC:2013 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following t
45、erms and definitions apply. NOTE The general terminology concerning detection and measurement of ionizing radiation, nuclear instrumentation and germanium detectors is given in IEC 60050-393, IEC 60050-394 and IEC 60973. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 angular response the variation in response to a radionucl
46、ie of interest when it is moved in a fixed radius from the assembly through angle theta from the normal (usually = 0; see Figure 1) Note 1 to entry: For cylindrical detectors it is only necessary to do this in a single plane. 3.1.2 coefficient of variation the ratio V of the standard deviation s to
47、the arithmetic mean x of a set of n measurements of xi, given by the following formula: ( )112=nxxxxsVn1iSOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-14 3.1.3 collimation shielding used to systematically reduce the angular response and thus field of view of a detector 3.1.4 detection threshold lower detection
48、 limit value of the indication of the measurement for which the relative random uncertainty equals 100 % at the probability level of 95 % SOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-20 3.1.5 effective range of measurement range of values of the quantity to be measured over which the performance of an assembl
49、y meets the requirements of this standard 3.1.6 energy calibration function the function required to convert channel number to gamma-ray energy (keV) 3.1.7 energy resolution the range in keV over which the response is greater that 50 % (Full Width at Half maximum FWHM) at a defined energy peak BS IEC 61275:201361275 IEC:2013 9 3.1.8 field of view the area and volume of soil “viewed” by detector (effective sample size), usually defi
