1、BSI Standards PublicationRadiation protection instrumentation Securityscreening of humans Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systemsBS IEC 62709:2014National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of IEC 62709:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tech
2、nicalCommittee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The B
3、ritish Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 75053 3ICS 13.280Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2
4、014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS IEC 62709:2014IEC 62709 Edition 1.0 2014-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Radiation protection instrumentation Security screening of humans Measuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems Instrume
5、ntation pour la radioprotection Contrle de scurit des individus Mesure des performances de limagerie des systmes radiographiques aux rayons X INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE W ICS 13.280 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-1422-0 Registered trade
6、mark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. c
7、olourinsideBS IEC 62709:2014 2 62709 IEC:2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope and object . 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions, abbreviations, quantities and units . 8 3.1 Terms and definitions . 8 3.2 Abbreviations . 11 3.3 Quantities and units . 11 4 Imaging performan
8、ce evaluation procedures 11 4.1 General characteristics and test procedures 11 4.2 Location of testing . 11 4.3 Body phantom and test objects 12 4.4 Spatial resolution test 13 Purpose 13 4.4.1Test object description 13 4.4.2Procedure . 14 4.4.3Evaluation and record . 14 4.4.44.5 Wire detection test
9、. 14 Purpose 14 4.5.1Test object description 14 4.5.2Procedure . 15 4.5.3Evaluation and record . 15 4.5.44.6 Materials detection on body test. 15 General 15 4.6.1Purpose 15 4.6.2Test object description 16 4.6.3Procedure . 16 4.6.4Evaluation and record . 16 4.6.54.7 Materials detection in air test .
10、16 General 16 4.7.1Purpose 16 4.7.2Test object description 16 4.7.3Procedure . 17 4.7.4Evaluation and record . 17 4.7.54.8 Penetration test . 17 General 17 4.8.1Purpose 17 4.8.2Test object description 17 4.8.3Procedure . 17 4.8.4Evaluation and record . 17 4.8.55 Minimum acceptable imaging performanc
11、e 17 6 Environmental requirements 18 (normative) Mechanical drawings of the test objects 20 Annex A(informative) Example of reporting form . 31 Annex B(informative) Image resolution measurement using the pentalith 33 Annex CC.1 General 33 BS IEC 62709:201462709 IEC:2014 3 C.2 Strategy . 33 C.3 Penta
12、lith description 33 C.4 Pass/fail criterion . 36 C.5 Repeatability 37 (informative) Comparison of whole body imaging systems . 38 Annex DFigure 1 Generic illustration of the testing configuration showing a HDPE body phantom with a test object on one end supported 1 m off the ground 12 Figure 2 Body
13、phantom and test objects 13 Figure A.1 Components of the test phantom 20 Figure A.2 Material detection in air phantom 21 Figure A.3 Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal comb, three teeth 21 Figure A.4 Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.
14、2), metal comb, two teeth 22 Figure A.5 Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), metal comb, one tooth 22 Figure A.6 Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.2), plastic comb 23 Figure A.7 Subassembly of the material detection in air phantom (Figure A.
15、2), mounting sheet . 23 Figure A.8 Material detection on body 1 . 24 Figure A.9 Material detection on body 2 . 24 Figure A.10 Wire detection phantom 25 Figure A.11 Subassembly of the wire detection phantom (Figure A.10), mounting base . 25 Figure A.12 Subassembly of the wire detection phantom (Figur
16、e A.10), cover 26 Figure A.13 Spatial resolution phantom 27 Figure A.14 Subassembly of the spatial resolution phantom (Figure A.13), mounting base . 27 Figure A.15 Subassembly of the spatial resolution phantom (Figure A.13); hole placement in mounting base . 28 Figure A.16 Subassembly of the spatial
17、 resolution phantom (Figure A.13), cover . 29 Figure A.17 Body phantom, 55 mm thick 29 Figure A.18 Body phantom, 75 mm thick 29 Figure A.19 Body phantom, 50 mm thick 30 Figure A.20 Storing space 30 Figure C.1 Dimensional design of the pentalith pattern 34 Figure C.2 Example of a pentalith overlying
18、a pixel grid . 34 Figure C.3 Example of a pentalith test phantom suitable for optical measurements 35 Figure C.4 Example of a pentalith test phantom suitable for X-ray imaging 35 Figure C.5 Example of using image thresholding as an objective pass/fail criterion 37 Table 1 Wire sizes for the wire det
19、ection test . 15 Table 2 Minimum acceptable imaging performance at the reference location . 18 Table 3 Standard test conditions 18 Table D.1 Comparison of whole body imaging systems for security screening 38 BS IEC 62709:2014 4 62709 IEC:2014 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RADIATION PRO
20、TECTION INSTRUMENTATION SECURITY SCREENING OF HUMANS MEASURING THE IMAGING PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The o
21、bject of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifica
22、tions (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations lia
23、ising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters expre
24、ss, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committ
25、ees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National
26、 Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not
27、 provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have th
28、e latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever
29、, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications
30、 is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard I
31、EC 62709 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation protection instrumentation, of IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 45B/780/FDIS 45B/786/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval
32、of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. BS IEC 62709:201462709 IEC:2014 5 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the s
33、tability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication i
34、ndicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. BS IEC 62709:2014 6 62709 IEC:2014 INTRODUCTION This standard establishes standard test methods and test objects for m
35、easuring the imaging performance of X-ray systems for security screening of humans. For each image quality test, this standard also sets minimum acceptable levels of performance. These procedures and minimum acceptable requirements should not be construed as an all-inclusive measure of performance f
36、or any situation. Depending on the circumstances and detection needs, user institutions will continue to generate their own requirements and are encouraged to do so. Rather, it is hoped that this standard will provide a starting point for evaluating systems, provide a uniform set of readily availabl
37、e information to compare equipment, and offer a standard procedure for periodic quality control testing. Four annexes are included. Annex A (normative) provides mechanical drawings of the imaging test objects. Sample test report forms are given in Annex B (informative). Annex C (informative) provide
38、s a generic description of the pentalith, the spatial resolution test object. Annex D (informative) seeks to describe the different types of security systems presently being used for whole-body imaging. BS IEC 62709:201462709 IEC:2014 7 RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION SECURITY SCREENING OF HUMA
39、NS MEASURING THE IMAGING PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS 1 Scope and object This International Standard applies to security screening systems that utilize X-ray radiation and are used to inspect people who are not inside vehicles, containers, or enclosures. Specifically, this standard applies to system
40、s used to detect objects carried on or within the body of the individual being inspected. This standard does not include requirements related to electromagnetic compatibility, radiological, electrical and mechanical safety. These requirements are covered in IEC 62463:2010. The following types of sys
41、tems are included in the scope of this standard: Systems designated as fixed, portal, transportable, mobile or gantry. Systems employing detection of primary radiation, backscattered radiation, forward-scattered radiation, (see Annex D) or some combination of these modalities to form two-dimensional
42、 X-ray images. Systems that are primarily imaging but that also may have complementary features such as material discrimination, automatic active or passive detection alerts. This standard will not address how to test these complementary features. The objective is to provide standard methods of meas
43、uring and reporting imaging quality characteristics that enable system manufacturers, potential system users and other interested parties to: a) Establish a consistent indicator of the expected technical performance of screening systems used for the inspection of individuals. Such technical performa
44、nce testing complements explicit detection testing and evaluation. In this standard “detection” refers to items in an image. b) Provide repeatable and verifiable imaging performance data that can be used to compare systems from different vendors. c) Establish a baseline that can be used over time to
45、 calibrate the system or detect any performance degradation. (It is not intended that the entire test method be employed for daily quality assurance testing.) d) Establish minimum acceptable performance requirements for the systems described above. 2 Normative references The following documents, in
46、whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE Users of this standard should
47、note that standards referenced herein may not fulfil the legal requirements and practices in all countries, or jurisdictions. Care should be taken to ensure regulatory compliance. IEC 60050-393:2003, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 393: Nuclear instrumentation Physical phenomena
48、 and basic concepts IEC 60050-394:2007, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation Instruments, systems, equipment and detectors BS IEC 62709:2014 8 62709 IEC:2014 IEC 60050-881:1983, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 881: Radiology and radio
49、logical physics IEC 62463:2010, Radiation protection instrumentation X-ray systems for the screening of persons for security and the carrying of illicit items ISO 683-17:1999, Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels 3 Terms and definitions, abbreviations, quantities and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following ter
