1、Protection against lightning Thunderstorm warning systemsBS IEC 62793:2016BSI Standards PublicationNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of IEC 62793:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/81, Protection against lightning.A list
2、 of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limi
3、ted 2016ISBN 978 0 580 78849 9ICS 29.020; 91.120.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3.BZ 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Tex
4、t affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS IEC 62793:2016IEC 62793 Edition 1.0 2016-05 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Protection against lightning Thunderstorm warning systems INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 29.020; 91.120.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-3352-8 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical
5、Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colourinsideBS IEC 62793:2016 2 IEC 62793:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references. 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 9 3.1 Terms and definitions 9 3.2
6、 Abbreviations 12 4 Thunderstorm phases and detectable phenomena for alarming . 13 4.1 Introductory remark . 13 4.2 Phase 1 Initial phase (cumulus stage) . 13 4.3 Phase 2 Growth phase . 13 4.4 Phase 3 Mature phase 13 4.5 Phase 4 Dissipation phase . 13 5 Classification of thunderstorm detection devic
7、es and their properties 14 6 Alarm method 15 6.1 General . 15 6.2 Areas 16 6.2.1 Target area (TA) 16 6.2.2 Surrounding area (SA) . 16 6.2.3 Monitoring area (MA) . 17 6.2.4 Coverage area (CA) . 17 6.3 Alarm triggering 17 6.4 Alarm information delivery . 19 7 Installation and maintenance 19 8 Alarm ev
8、aluation 19 8.1 General . 19 8.2 Evaluation of TWS by using lightning location data 21 8.3 Fine tuning of TWS by processing archived data 21 9 Thunderstorms warning systems application guide . 21 9.1 General . 21 9.2 Procedure . 22 9.2.1 General . 22 9.2.2 Step 1 Identification of hazardous situatio
9、ns 22 9.2.3 Step 2 Determination of type of loss 22 9.2.4 Step 3 Risk control 23 Annex A (informative) Overview of the lightning phenomena . 25 A.1 Origin of thunderclouds and electrification . 25 A.2 Lightning phenomena 25 A.3 Electric thunderstorm and lightning characteristics useful for preventio
10、n 26 A.3.1 Electrostatic field 26 A.3.2 Electromagnetic fields 27 A.3.3 Other parameters useful in lightning detection 27 Annex B (informative) Thunderstorm detection techniques 28 B.1 Introductory remarks . 28 B.2 Detection techniques and parameters to qualify a sensor 28 BS IEC 62793:2016IEC 62793
11、:2016 IEC 2016 3 B.2.1 General . 28 B.2.2 Class A 28 B.2.3 Class B 29 B.2.4 Class C 29 B.2.5 Class D 29 B.3 Location techniques 29 B.3.1 General . 29 B.3.2 Multi-sensor location techniques 29 B.3.3 Single sensor techniques . 30 B.4 Thunderstorm detectors evaluation . 31 B.5 Choosing a thunderstorm d
12、etection system . 31 Annex C (informative) Examples of application of thunderstorm warning systems 32 C.1 Example n 1 Telecommunication tower . 32 C.1.1 Step 1: Identification of hazardous situations . 32 C.1.2 Step 2: Determination of type of loss . 32 C.1.3 Step 3: Risk control 33 C.2 Example n 2
13、Golf course . 33 C.2.1 Step 1: Identification of hazardous situations 33 C.2.2 Step 2: Determination of type of loss . 34 C.2.3 Step 3: Risk control 35 Annex D (informative) Catalogue of possible recommended preventive actions to be taken 36 Annex E (informative) Example of TWS evaluation on a wind
14、turbine site 38 Annex F (informative) How to test thunderstorm detectors 40 F.1 General . 40 F.2 Laboratory tests 40 F.2.1 General . 40 F.2.2 Resistance to UV radiation tests (for non-metallic sensor housing) 40 F.2.3 Resistance tests to corrosion (for metallic parts of sensor) 41 F.2.4 Mechanical t
15、ests 41 F.2.5 Index of protection confirmation (IP Code) 42 F.2.6 Electric tests 42 F.2.7 Marking test . 43 F.2.8 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 43 F.3 Optional tests on an open air platform under natural lightning conditions 43 Bibliography . 47 Figure 1 Examples of different target area shape
16、s 16 Figure 2 Example of the distribution of the coverage area (CA), the monitoring area (MA), the target area (TA), and surrounding area (SA) . 17 Figure 3 Example of an alarm . 18 Figure A.1 Standard lightning classifications . 26 Figure D.1 Procedure flow chart . 37 Figure E.1 Lightning activity
17、around the site for a period of eight years . 38 Figure F.1 Difference in electric field measurement during one thunderstorm event 45 Table 1 Lightning detector properties . 15 BS IEC 62793:2016 4 IEC 62793:2016 IEC 2016 Table 2 Contingency table 20 Table 3 Identification of hazardous situations . 2
18、2 Table 4 Loss concerning people . 23 Table 5 Loss concerning goods 23 Table 6 Loss concerning services . 23 Table 7 Loss concerning environment. 23 Table 8 Risk control . 24 Table C.1 Identification of hazardous situations 32 Table C.2 Loss concerning goods . 32 Table C.3 Loss concerning services .
19、 33 Table C.4 Loss concerning environment . 33 Table C.5 Risk control 33 Table C.6 Identification of hazardous situations 34 Table C.7 Loss concerning people 34 Table C.8 Loss concerning goods . 34 Table C.9 Loss concerning services . 34 Table C.10 Loss concerning environment . 35 Table C.11 Risk co
20、ntrol 35 Table E.1 Results of TWS evaluation based on archived lightning data for an 8-year period (2000 to 2007), when some of the key parameters (size of MA, trigger parameters and dwell time) were varied 39 BS IEC 62793:2016IEC 62793:2016 IEC 2016 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PRO
21、TECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WARNING SYSTEMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-opera
22、tion on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as
23、“IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this prepa
24、ration. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international conse
25、nsus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts a
26、re made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications t
27、ransparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independe
28、nt certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liabi
29、lity shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (inclu
30、ding legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of
31、this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 62793 has been prepared by IEC technical commi
32、ttee 81: Lightning protection. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 81/508/FDIS 81/519/RVDFull information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been draf
33、ted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. BS IEC 62793:2016 6 IEC 62793:2016 IEC 2016 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the spec
34、ific publication. At this date, the publication will be g120 reconfirmed, g120 withdrawn, g120 replaced by a revised edition, or g120 amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that
35、it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. BS IEC 62793:2016IEC 62793:2016 IEC 2016 7 INTRODUCTION Natural atmospheric electric activity and, in particular, cloud-to-ground li
36、ghtning poses a serious threat to living beings and property. Every year severe injuries and even deaths of humans are caused as a result of direct or indirect lightning strikes. Lightning: g120 may affect sport, cultural and political events attracting large concentrations of people; events may hav
37、e to be suspended and people evacuated in the case of a risk of thunderstorm; g120 may affect industrial activities by creating power outages and unplanned interruptions of production processes; g120 may interrupt all kinds of traffic (people, energy, information, etc.); g120 has led to a steady inc
38、rease in the number of accidents per year due to the wider use of electric components that are sensitive to the effects of lightning (in industry, transportation and communication); g120 may be a hazard for activities with an environmental risk, for example handling of sensitive, inflammable, explos
39、ive or chemical products; g120 may be a cause of fire. During the last decades, technical systems including systems devoted to real-time monitoring of natural atmospheric electric activity and lightning, have experienced an extraordinary development. These systems can provide high quality and valuab
40、le information in real-time of the thunderstorm occurrence, making it possible to achieve information which can be extremely valuable if coordinated with a detailed plan of action. Although this information allows the user to adopt anticipated temporary preventive measures, it should be noted that a
41、ll the measures to be taken based on monitoring information are the responsibility of the system user according to the relevant regulations. The effectiveness will depend largely on the risk involved and the planned decisions to be taken. This International Standard gives an informative list of poss
42、ible actions. Lightning and thunderstorms, as with many natural phenomena, are subject to statistical uncertainty. It is not possible therefore to achieve precise information on when and where lightning will strike. Other lightning protection standards do not cover the use of thunderstorm warning sy
43、stems. BS IEC 62793:2016 8 IEC 62793:2016 IEC 2016 PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING THUNDERSTORM WARNING SYSTEMS 1 Scope This International Standard describes the characteristics of thunderstorm warning systems and evaluation of the usefulness of lightning real time data and/or storm electrification dat
44、a in order to implement lightning hazard preventive measures. This standard provides the basic requirements for sensors and networks collecting accurate data of the relevant parameters, giving real-time information of lightning tracks and range. It describes the application of the data collected by
45、these sensors and networks in the form of warnings and historical data. This standard applies to the use of information from thunderstorm warning systems (systems or equipment providing real-time information) on atmospheric electric activity in order to monitor preventive measures. This standard inc
46、ludes: g120 a general description of available lightning and storm electrification hazard warning systems; g120 a classification of thunderstorm detection devices and properties; g120 guidelines for alarming methods; g120 a procedure to determine the usefulness of thunderstorm information; g120 some
47、 informative examples of possible preventive actions. The following aspects are outside the scope of this standard: a) lightning protection systems; such systems are covered by the IEC 62305 series; b) other thunderstorm related phenomena such as rain, hail, wind; c) satellite and radar thunderstorm
48、 detection techniques. A non-exhaustive list of situations to which this standard could be applicable is given below: g120 people in open areas involved in activities such as maintenance, labour, sports, competitions, agriculture and fisheries or situations where large crowds gather; g120 wind farms
49、, large solar power systems, power lines; g120 occupational health and safety prevention; g120 sensitive equipment such as computer systems, emergency systems, alarms and safety equipment; g120 operational and industrial processes; g120 storage, processing and transportation of hazardous substances (e.g. flammable, radioactive, toxic and explosive substances); g120 determined environments or activities with special danger of electrostati
