1、Semiconductor devices Semiconductor devices for energy harvesting and generationPart 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvestingBS IEC 62830-3:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation
2、 of IEC 62830-3:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EPL/47, Semiconductors.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa cont
3、ract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 86792 7ICS 31.080.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the au
4、thority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS IEC 62830-3:2017 2 IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 3.1 General terms
5、. 6 3.2 Electromagnetic transducer . 8 3.3 Characteristic parameters . 9 4 Essential ratings and characteristic parameters . 11 4.1 Identification and type . 11 4.2 Limiting values and operating conditions . 12 4.3 Additional information . 12 5 Test method 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Electrical characte
6、ristics . 13 5.2.1 Test procedure 13 5.2.2 Inductance . 14 5.2.3 Resonant frequency . 14 5.2.4 Bandwidth 15 5.2.5 Damping ratio 15 5.2.6 Quality factor . 16 5.2.7 Output voltage . 16 5.2.8 Output current . 17 5.2.9 Output power . 17 5.2.10 Optimal load impedance 18 5.2.11 Maximum output power 18 5.3
7、 Mechanical characteristics 19 5.3.1 Test procedure 19 5.3.2 Temperature range 20 5.3.3 Input vibration 20 5.3.4 Temperature and humidity testing 20 5.3.5 Shock testing . 20 Bibliography 21 Figure 1 General structure of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester . 7 Figure 2 Conceptual diagr
8、am of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester 8 Figure 3 Equivalent circuit of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester 9 Figure 4 Test procedure of vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesters 13 Figure 5 Test setup for the electrical characteristics of a vibration based e
9、lectromagnetic energy harvester . 14 Figure 6 Frequency response of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester 15 Figure 7 Amplitude decay plot to determine the damping ratio of vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester . 16 Figure 8 Output voltage of a vibration based electromagnetic
10、 energy harvester at various external loads . 16 Figure 9 Output currents of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester at various output voltages . 17 BS IEC 62830-3:2017IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 3 Figure 10 Output power of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester at various exter
11、nal loads . 18 Figure 11 Output power and voltage of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester at various input vibrations 18 Figure 12 Block diagram of a test setup for evaluating the reliability of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester . 19 Table 1 Specification parameters fo
12、r vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesters . 12 BS IEC 62830-3:2017 4 IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES FOR ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION Part 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting FOREWORD 1)
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22、f, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that som
23、e of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 62830-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 47: Semiconductor devices. The text of this standard is base
24、d on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 47/2363/FDIS 47/2380/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Par
25、t 2. BS IEC 62830-3:2017IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 5 A list of all parts in the IEC 62830 series, published under the general title Semiconductor devices Semiconductor devices for energy harvesting and generation, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this do
26、cument will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the
27、 cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. BS IEC 62830-3:2017 6 IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SEMICONDUCTOR D
28、EVICES FOR ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION Part 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting 1 Scope This part of IEC 62830 describes terms, definitions, symbols, configurations, and test methods that can be used to evaluate and determine the performance characteristics of vibration based e
29、lectromagnetic energy harvesting devices. This part of IEC 62830 specifies the methods of tests and the characteristic parameters of the vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting devices for evaluating their performances accurately and practical use. This part of IEC 62830 is applicable to e
30、nergy harvesting devices for consumer, general industries, military and aerospace applications without any limitations of device technology, shape and size. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirem
31、ents of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60749-5:2003, Semiconductor devices Mechanical and climatic test methods Part 5: Steady-state temperature humidit
32、y bias life test IEC 60749-10:2002, Semiconductor devices Mechanical and climatic test methods Part 10: Mechanical shock IEC 60749-12:2002, Semiconductor devices Mechanical and climatic test methods Part 12: Vibration, variable frequency 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the
33、 following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 General terms 3.1.1 vibration m
34、echanical oscillations occurring about an equilibrium point SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.1.1 3.1.2 vibration based energy harvester energy transducer that transforms vibration energy into electric energy BS IEC 62830-3:2017IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 7 Note 1 to entry: A vibration based energy harveste
35、r to convert vibration to electricity by using electromagnetic transduction mechanism is comprised of magnet (inertial mass), cantilever spring, and coil as shown in Figure 1. The induced vibration introduces the reciprocating motion to the mass. The spring which suspends the magnetic mass is bended
36、 and the bending of spring introduces a relative displacement between the magnet and coil within the magnetic field and an e.m.f. is induced in the coil which is obtained across the coil terminals. Note 2 to entry: A vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester can be represented as shown in Fig
37、ure 2. It is configured by mass, spring, damping (mechanical and electrical), and electromagnetic transducer. Key Configuration of energy harvester Components to operate an energy harvester Magnetic mass Inertial mass with a field of magnetic force to introduce mechanical motion coupling from induce
38、d vibration R External load Spring To couple the induced vibration to the mass by suspending it Coil Induces electric potential by cutting magnetic flux within vibrating magnetic field Figure 1 General structure of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester IEC Base vibration Fixed coil Vibr
39、ating magnet Cantilever spring HousingS N R BS IEC 62830-3:2017 8 IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 Key Configuration of energy harvester Components to operate an energy harvester Damping Reduction of oscillation of the mass with time Electromagnetic transducer Functional device to operate as a transducer t
40、o transform vibration energy to electric energy via electromagnetic induction Spring stiffness a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation Figure 2 null Conceptual diagram of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.1.2 3.1.3 mass-sprin
41、g-damper system system to derive the motion of the vibration energy harvester by using equivalent mass, spring and damper from that SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.1.3 3.2 Electromagnetic transducer 3.2.1 electromagnetic transducer energy converter to generate electricity from mechanical energy by means
42、 of electromagnetic induction effect 3.2.2 electromagnetic induction phenomenon in which an induced voltage or an induced current produced by relative motion between a permanent magnet and a coil winding SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:2008, 121-11-30, modified 3.2.3 transformation factor measure of the perfo
43、rmance of the electromagnetic transducer related to the flux density, B, the length of the coil, l and the number of turns per unit length of the coil, N, given by, IEC Electromagnetic transducer Vibration Damping Mass Spring BS IEC 62830-3:2017IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 9 NBl= (1) 3.2.4 coil-resista
44、nce Rcoilcoil-resistance that is related to the resistivity of the coil material, length of the coil winding and diameter of the coil (circular) 3.2.5 coil-inductance Lcoilcoil-inductance that induces a proportional voltage across the coil due to a change in current in the coil 3.3 Characteristic pa
45、rameters 3.3.1 equivalent circuit, electrical circuit which has the same output voltage from induced vibration as electromagnetic vibration energy harvester in the immediate neighborhood of resonance Note 1 to entry: Electrical equivalent circuit representation of a vibration based electromagnetic e
46、nergy harvester is shown in Figure 3. It consists of an e.m.f. source, v(t) that induces current, i(t) and series inductance, Lcoiland resistance Rcoilwith a load resistance, Rload. The damper is, typically a moving magnet linking flux with the stationary coil, the latter having series inductance an
47、d resistance. The operating principle is that voltage is induced in the coil due to the varying flux linkage, with the resultant currents causing forces which oppose the relative motion between the magnet and coil. Key v(t): e.m.f. is induced due to the relative motion between the magnet and coil bm
48、: Damping occurs by the flux linkage between the magnet and the coil with series resistance Rcoiland inductance Lcoili(t): current starts flowing due to induced vibration Rload: external load Figure 3 null Equivalent circuit of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester 3.3.2 resonant freque
49、ncy frlowest frequency of the induced vibration of the energy harvester to generate largest output power mkfr21= (2) IEC Rloadv(t) i(t) bmRcoilLcoilBS IEC 62830-3:2017 10 IEC 62830-3:2017 IEC 2017 where k is the spring constant and m is the mass (of the magnet) attached to the cantilever spring SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.2 3.3.3 bandwidth f separation of frequencies between which the output power shall be equal to or larger than a
